Ososayensi sebekulungele ukunikeza umhlaba enye indlela enengqondo ye-vegan esikhundleni senyama… Ngabe sesilungile?
Labo abaye bazama amasampula amasha we-vegan patties bamemezela ukuthi i-(100% engenagazi!) "i-cutlet revolution" yenzekile! Iqiniso liwukuthi imboni yesimanje (yaseMelika) yokudla isivele isilungele ukusinikeza "i-patty" yemifino engu-100%, engeyona ihlaya! – kokubili ekunambithekeni nasekubukekeni kucishe kuhluke kwabavamile, abadla inyama abajwayele abantu abaningi ababekade bedla inyama.
Ngakho-ke, manje wonke umuntu ojwayele inyama angayishintsha "inyama 2.0", enambitha ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ayidingi ukubulala izilwane?! Kubonakala kukuhle kakhulu ukuba yiqiniso - kodwa cishe kunjalo. "Ukunambitheka" komkhiqizo kuseduze kakhulu nenyama kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukuvezwa ngamagama. Ngendlela, kuyini "ukunambitheka" noma kunjalo? Izici zayo ze-organoleptic zihlanganisa: ukubukeka, ukunambitheka, iphunga nokuthungwa. Abakhiqizi bolunye lwemikhiqizo ehamba phambili "yenyama ye-vegan" - okungukuthi, i-Beyond Meat, bathi bathole ukuhambisana okuphelele kuyo yonke le mingcele! Ukushiya ubuciko besoya ngemuva - umkhiqizo omusha awunaso isoso nhlobo, kunoma yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo, wenziwa ... imifino. Ukuphupha? Manje okungokoqobo! Futhi nangaphezu kwalokho: isampula entsha “ye-green patty” - empeleni, embi kabi (ngenxa yejusi yebhitrudi) - noma ngabe iphekiwe - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyithose epanini noma ku-grill evulekile ... Isn Ngaphezu kwalokho, yini engadingeka “esikhundleni senyama”?
Yebo, ngaphezulu! Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu: "i-patty" enjalo ayiqukethe izakhi namaprotheni amancane kunenyama, enezimiso zokuziphatha ezingu-100%. Inguqulo ethuthuke kakhulu ye-vegan patty yesimanje, ebizwa ngokuthi The Beast, yamenyezelwa ngoFebhuwari 2015 e-US futhi iqukethe inhlanganisela ehlakaniphe kakhulu yezinto: kuhlanganisa. uwoyela we-canola, uwoyela we-linseed, uwoyela we-sunflower, uwoyela wesundu, uwoyela we-algae one-DHA, amagremu angama-23 amaprotheni emifino, insimbi, i-potassium, i-calcium, amavithamini B6, B12, D, ama-antioxidants, kanye ne-DHA Omega-3 enenzuzo ne-ALA Omega-3 amino acids. ezikhuthaza izicubu zomzimba zokululama ngemva kokuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo! Njengoba besho, ukuphawula kumane nje kungaphezu kwamandla.
Lokhu kakade, kunoma yikuphi, "inguquko" yangempela - uma uqhathanisa umkhiqizo onjalo we-premium nemikhiqizo eminingi ye-soy yosuku izolo, njengamabhola e-soy ashibhile, okungukuthi, empeleni, amaprotheni "anqunu". Futhi mayelana nokunambitheka, inani lokudla okunempilo, kanye nokubukeka, i-cutlet enjalo ifana nokundizela emkhathini uma iqhathaniswa nenqola esalungiswa yemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-temeh ne-seitan. Iqiniso lokuthi "inyama" enjalo ihluke ngempela kokuthi "yangempela" ibhalwe ngokuphindaphindiwe eminyakeni engu-2-3 edlule, kuhlanganise nabahlaziyi bezindawo zokudlela abaqeqeshiwe,. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-VIP ahamba phambili emhlabeni, afana noBill Gates. Ngiyafisa ukwazi, kodwa nalokhu: inkampani yaseMelika i-Whole Foods yake yaxuba imikhiqizo yayo, futhi yathengisa amasaladi “nenkukhu” ye-vegan ye-Beyond Meat esikhundleni seyoqobo (kuhle ukuthi akunjalo!): phakathi kwezimbalwa ezimbalwa! izinsuku, abathengi abakhokha imali yamasaladi anjalo, ababonanga umehluko! Namuhla, mayelana nokuthatha indawo yenyama ye-vegan, konke kuhle kakhulu kangangokuthi umuntu angazibuza ukuthi: "Yeka inqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe!"
Ochwepheshe abaningi bayavuma ukuthi phakathi neminyaka engu-2-3 edlule kube khona ukuguqulwa kwangempela "emzabalazweni" wama-vegans kanye nemifino ukudala enye indlela yokuziphatha nesimeme yenyama. Laba bangabakhiqizi baseMelika be-vegan cutlets neminye imikhiqizo efanayo futhi babize i-Meat Revolution.
Eqhulwini lalokhu “kuvukela umbuso” ngokungangabazeki kukhona isiqephu esisodwa esibizwa ngokuthi “Isilo” (“Isilo”). Indlela yososayensi: izazi zezinto eziphilayo, izazi zokudla okunomsoco - kanye nabapheki "eSilo" yayinde futhi inzima. Eqinisweni, le ndlela yaqala kudala kakhulu. Izazi-mlando ukuthi amasampula okuqala emhlabeni we-vegan "inyama" (ama-substitutes enyama) adalwa e-China yasendulo - kahle, lapho kwenye indawo, uma kungenjalo ezweni elanikeza isibhamu nekhampasi esintwini! – cishe 903-970 (Khan Dynasty). Ama-cutlets anjalo ayebizwa ngokuthi "iwundlu elikhanyayo" futhi ayelungiselelwe ngesisekelo se-tofu, okokuqala kuphela kubantu abaphakeme ngokwabo: umbusi nabameleli benkantolo yakhe.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amanzi amaningi ageleza ngaphansi kwebhuloho - kufaka phakathi, "sibonga" embonini yenyama: kuyaziwa ukuthi ilitha elingu-1 lamanzi liyadingeka ukukhiqiza i-4300 kg yenyama yenkukhu yemvelo (ngokwenkomba, i-1 kg yenkomo 15 amalitha amanzi!) … Ukukubeka kancane, kakhulu , Yebo? Ngalowo mqondo, i-chicken patty evela ku-burger ngenye indlela "engenacala" inamanzi amaningi kunokuba ishawa yakho izokhipha ngesonto! Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bayazi ukuthi ukudla inyama kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo. Izimo zokugcina nokuhlaba izilwane emapulazini ezimboni ngokuvamile azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yini enye ngaphandle kokuhlushwa ...
Empeleni, kuyamangaza ukuthi indlela esuka ku-"imperial tofu cutlet" eya ku-supermodern "Monster" cutlet yesampula yonyaka wamanje ithathe abantu ... iminyaka eyi-1113. Kusukela kumidwebo yendiza yokuqala kuya kokuthi “Asihambe!” U-Yuri Gagarin uphumelele kancane kakhulu. Kodwa uma ubheka, inyama iqukethe kakhulu ... amanzi. Uma sifaka ucezu lwenyama (kuhlanganise ne-vegan) emlonyeni wethu, sizizwa - ini? - amafutha namaprotheni. Amaprotheni, empeleni, "anenhlanhla" nje, amaketanga amade ama-amino acid, angaba nemvelaphi yezitshalo futhi. Ngakho-ke inqubo yokudala i-cutlet "njengeyangempela" iyinqubo yokuvuselela iketango elifanayo, "elimnandi" lama-amino acid - kuphela ngesisekelo sesitshalo. Kuhlanganisa okumnandi kakhulu kubo - i-glutamic acid (i-monosodium glutamate), enikeza ukunambitheka okukodwa kokuhlanu okutholakala olimini lomuntu (umami). Ngamazwi alula, yilokhu kunambitheka okubangela ukuthi abantu abaningi emhlabeni bathanda inyama. Kodwa isithako esifanayo siphinde sikhishwe ku-algae, futhi ngisho "kusuka ku-tube yokuhlola". Kulula kakhulu ukuthi noma yimuphi usokhemisi onolwazi angakha “inkukhu ethosiwe” emnandi ngocezu lwesoya ngisho nesitokwe selebhu evamile yekhemikhali yesikole! Kungani lo msebenzi wathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-1000? Futhi kungani kwanqunywa ochwepheshe be-Beyond Meat? Kungenzeka singazi. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi imfihlo yayiwukuthi "inyama" ye-Beyond Mea ifakwe emiphongolweni yensimbi ku-sauce ekhethekile, kuhlanganise nezinongo zemvelo. Lokhu, kubonakala sengathi, yikho okwenza “inyama” “yeSilo” ikholweke kakhulu futhi ibe mnandi – akuwona neze “amakhemikhali”! – ukunambitha. Kwakunzima kakhulu, kusho ososayensi abathintekayo ekudalweni kwe-cauldron eyisimangaliso, ngokuvumelana - emva kwakho konke, inyama iyimisipha: uhlelo lwemishini enesakhiwo esikhethekile kakhulu. Lokhu, njengoba ungase ucabange, akulula kakhulu ukuphinda ukwenze kusuka ku-beet, amaphuphu namafutha kabhekilanga! Kodwa kwaphumelela. Mhlawumbe kungukuvumelana okuzwakalayo ukuthi impumelelo eyinhloko ye-Monster cutlet iwukuthi.
Ngonyaka odlule, ngo-September 2015, uProfesa Wesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo eYunivesithi yaseStanford (eCalifornia, e-U.S.A.) uJoseph D. Puglisi (futhi lona kwakuyiphephandaba, kuhlanganise ne-New York Times): “Ngiqinisekile ukuthi iminyaka embalwa ezayo izoletha ugqozi. imiphumela! Manje sesingakha lonke uhla lwamaprotheni emifino anambitheka njengengulube ebilisiwe, inyama ebhenyiwe, amasoseji, ingulube ... “Namuhla, uprofesa onethemba lokuhle useqenjini le-Beyond Meat, ukuze enze izinguqulo ezikholakala nakakhulu zalezo “zinhle kakhulu- ama-cutlets” “Isilwane” . Ngendlela, le ndaba ifana nomgqugquzeli we-Facebook mayelana nesidingo sokucabanga nokukhuluma kahle emphakathini, "thumela isicelo ku-Universe"!
Iphrojekthi ye-Beyond Meat yamenyezelwa ngesasasa elikhulu ngo-Ephreli 2013 ngabakwa-VIP abanjengoBill Gates. Namuhla, eminye imikhiqizo ye-Beyond Meat ithengiswa kulo lonke elase-United States of America (kanye). Abakhiqizi bagcizelela ukuthi ama-cutlets anjalo azokuvumela ukuthi wondle umndeni wonke ngokudla okunomsoco, okunokuziphatha okuhle nokumnandi kakhulu - futhi ungalimazi imvelo yeplanethi .... Inkampani kanye nabanye abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bayachuma ngokwemvelo, futhi udumo lwe "Better-than-meat" kancane kancane lusabalala emhlabeni jikelele - futhi igagasi selicishe lafinyelela kithi. Pho, bekuyini inkinga? Thenga, gazinga futhi udle? I-100% ye-vegan!..
Ngicabanga, yebo. Kodwa akuyona yonke into elula kangaka. Okokuqala, i-vegan "cutlet" evela kumkhiqizi oholayo ibiza cishe izikhathi ezi-2 kunenyama (yekhaya), lokhu ngisho ngaphandle kokucabangela ukuthunyelwa kwe-akhawunti evela e-USA (ukuthenga ku-inthanethi kuzobiza ngaphezu kwe-$ 100!). Futhi okwesibili, kukhona amanye - nakuba engabalulekile - amaphuzu aphikisanayo abaphikisi be "vegan cutlet version 2.0". Isibonelo, mhlawumbe akuwona wonke ama-vegans angathanda ukubuka ukuthi i-"steam" vegan cutlet ... iphelelwa yisikhathi nejusi ye-beetroot, ihlolwe umbala ngokucophelela kunakumafilimu e-Hollywood mafia action! Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi kwe-patty ngayinye kukhona izingcezu zemifino ezenza inkohliso enhle yezintambo ze-muscle "enyameni", ukwenza "i-patty" enjalo ibe njengeyoqobo - eyakhala noma i-moeed kungekudala ... Brrr. Ingabe usuphelelwe isifiso sokudla? Nakuba i-cutlet, vele, inganuki njengenyama (abanye bazothi "ngiyabonga!"), Nokho abaningi bezilwane bengqondo bazibuza lo mbuzo - yimiphi imicabango eyenza ukupheka nokusebenzisa "i-super cutlet" enjalo? …. Kungenzeka ukuthi “Isilo” siyiso kanye isimo lapho, ekuphishekeleni ukuba sobala (kanye nedola ende!) Abakhiqizi bafaka ukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe bamuva, futhi … badlulela phambili kancane kunalokho obekufanele. Kodwa noma kunjalo, isithiyo esiyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwe-"cutlets" yokuziphatha kusekude nentengo "yabantu".
Kuyacaca ukuthi intengo yemakethe yale patty nezinye ezithatha indawo yenyama ye-vegan yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu izokwehla kancane kancane njengoba ikhwalithi iqhubeka nokuba ngcono. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe - silindele "inguquko yesibili ye-vegan" - kulokhu, ukuguqulwa kwentengo!
Ukuze lesi sihloko singabonakali njengesikhangiso kuwe, sikhumbula ukuthi kukhona abanye abaphikisana nesihloko esithi "super cutlet" yemfashini ngaphandle kwenyama, imikhiqizo ye-vegan:
ingadi
I-TofurkyField
I-RoastYves
Ikhishi lemifino
I-Trader Joe's
I-Lightlife
Gardenburg
Boca
Umhlaba Omnandi Ukudla Kwemvelo
Match
Simply Balanced
EkaNate
I-Neat's (akufanele ididaniswe neyangaphambilini!)
I-Lightlife
MorningStar Farms, kanye nabaningi abangaziwa kangako.