Ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick yomchamo kuyindlela esheshayo nelula yokuveza izifo ezehlukene kusenesikhathi. Izifo ezihloliwe zihlanganisa izifo ze-metabolic ezifana nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (ukuba khona kweglucose kanye / noma imizimba ye-ketone emchameni), isifo sezinso ngezinye izikhathi esilandela isifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu (ukuba khona kwamaprotheni emchameni), izilonda zomgudu womchamo noma i-prostate, ngokwesibonelo kulandela isimila noma i-lithiasis (ubukhona begazi emchameni) noma okunye ukutheleleka komchamo (ukuba khona kwama-leukocyte futhi ngokuvamile ama-nitrites emchameni).

I-dipstick yomchamo yenziwe ngenduku yepulasitiki noma umugqa wephepha, okuhloswe ukuthi ucwiliswe kumchamo osanda kuqoqwa, lapho kunamathiselwe khona izindawo zama-chemical reagent. ekwazi ukushintsha umbala ebukhoneni bezinto ezithile. Ukusabela kushesha kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kuthatha iminithi elingu-1 ukuthola umphumela wokuhlolwa.

Imichilo yomchamo ingafundwa ngeso lenyama. Ukufundwa komugqa womchamo empeleni kuhunyushwa kalula ngenxa yesistimu yesikali se-colorimetric. Lolu hlelo lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba nombono wokugxila, ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwezinto ezithile. Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okuthembekile, kungasetshenziswa isifundi se-urine dipstick. Lokhu kufunda ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kuphrinte imiphumela. Lezi kuthiwa ziyi-semi-quantitative: zivezwa ngokunegethivu, noma ngokuphozithivu, noma ngesilinganiso samanani.

Amapheshana omchamo avumela ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ukuthi kwenziwe, okungaqondisa ukuxilongwa noma isicelo sokuhlolwa okungeziwe okujulile. Uma zisetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi, zivumela umchamo ukuthi uhlolwe amapharamitha amaningi ekuhlolweni okukodwa, okufana nalokhu:

• ama-leukocyte noma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi;
• ama-nitrites;
• amaprotheni;
• i-pH (acidity / alkalinity);
• amangqamuzana egazi abomvu noma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu;
• i-hemoglobin;
• ukuminyana;
• imizimba ye-ketone;
• i-glucose;
• i-bilirubin;
• urobilinogen.

Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngemichilo, izifo ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-10 zingatholwa, kufaka phakathi ikakhulukazi:

• isifo sikashukela: ukuba khona kwe-glucose emchameni kufanele kuholele ekufuneni isifo sikashukela noma ukwelashwa okunganele kokulwa nesifo sikashukela. Impela, ukuntuleka noma ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwe-insulin ngumzimba kuholela ekwandeni kwamazinga kashukela egazini, okusho ukugcwala kweglucose egazini. I-glucose eyeqile egazini bese isuswa izinso emchameni. Ukuba khona kwemizimba ye-ketone ehlotshaniswa ne-glucose emchameni nakho kuphakamisa isifo sikashukela esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo;
• izifo zesibindi noma zemigudu yenyongo: ukutholakala kwe-bilirubin, okuvela ekonakaleni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kanye ne-urobilinogen emchameni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusola izifo ezithile zesibindi (hepatitis, cirrhosis) noma ukuvinjelwa kwemigwaqo ekhishwe inyongo, enesibopho ngokwanda okungavamile kwalezi zingulube ze-bile egazini bese kuba semchameni;
• izifo zohlelo lomchamo: ukuboniswa kwamaprotheni emchameni kungaveza ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, ngokwesibonelo okuxhunyaniswe nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngempela, ukuba khona kwegazi (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu) emchameni kusikisela izifo ezihlukahlukene zezinso kanye ne-urinary tract: amatshe, izinso noma izimila zesinye, njll. ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-urolithiasis. Ukulinganiswa kwe-pH ye-urinary kwenza ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusize ukukhomba umsuka we-lithiasis nokuvumelanisa nokudla kwesiguli se-lithiasic;
• izifo zomgudu womchamo: ukuba khona kwama-leukocyte kanye nama-nitrites ngokuvamile emchameni kusho ukuthi amagciwane akwazi ukuguqula ama-nitrate asuke ekudleni abe ama-nitrite akhona esinyeni noma emgudwini womchamo. Umchamo onegciwane futhi ngezinye izikhathi uqukethe imikhondo yegazi namaprotheni. Okokugcina, i-alkaline pH eqhubekayo ingase ibonise ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo.

Ungahlola umchamo wakho ngokwakho ngomugqa wokuhlola umchamo. Inqubo iyashesha futhi kulula. Ukuze ugweme ukuhlanekezela imiphumela, kufanele:

• yenza ukuhlolwa esiswini esingenalutho;
• geza izandla zakho nezingxenye zangasese ngensipho noma isixazululo sika-Dakin, noma ngisho nangezisula;
• qeda i-jet yokuqala yomchamo endlini yangasese;
• chama esitsheni esinikezwe imichilo ngaphandle kokuthinta onqenqemeni olungaphezulu;
• Yenza i-homogenize kahle umchamo ngokuphendula kancane ibhodlela izikhathi eziningana;
• cwilisa imichilo ngomzuzwana ongu-1 kumchamo, umanzise ngokuphelele zonke izindawo ezisebenzayo;
• khipha ngokushesha ucezu lwe-strip ephepheni elimunca ukukhipha umchamo oweqile;
• funda umphumela ngokuqhathanisa umbala otholwe nebanga le-colorimetric elikhonjiswe ephaketheni noma ebhodleleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlonipha isikhathi sokulinda esishiwo umenzi.

Isikhathi sokufunda semiphumela ngokuvamile siyimizuzu emi-2 yamaleukocyte kanye nemizuzu engu-XNUMX ye-nitrite, i-pH, amaprotheni, i-glucose, imizimba ye-ketone, i-urobilinogen, i-bilirubin, negazi.

Izindlela zokuvikela ukusetshenziswa

• ungasebenzisi imichilo ephelelwe yisikhathi (usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi lukhonjiswe ephaketheni);
• gcina amapheshana endaweni eyomile endaweni yokushisa engaphansi kuka-30 ° C nasemaphaketheni awo okuqala;
• ungalokothi usebenzise kabusha noma usike imicu;
• umchamo kufanele usanda kukhishwa;
• umchamo kufanele uhlale esinyeni okungenani amahora angu-3 ukuze amagciwane, uma ekhona, abe nesikhathi sokuguqula ama-nitrate abe ama-nitrites;
• umchamo akufanele uhlanjululwe kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bekungafanele uphuze amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa;
• ungalokothi uthele umchamo nge-pipette emgqeni;
• ungawuqoqi umchamo esikhwameni somchamo wengane noma kwi-catheter yomchamo.

Imiphumela ye-dipstick yomchamo ingachazwa ngezindlela eziningi kuye ngezimo lapho inqunywe khona. Ngokuvamile, udokotela uyisebenzisa njengefulege, eliluhlaza noma elibomvu, elimqinisekisayo noma elimxwayisa ngokuba khona kwesifo okufanele kuqinisekiswe ezinye izivivinyo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama okukhulu kwento - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-glucose, amaprotheni, igazi noma i-leukocyte - kungenzeka ukuthi isifo sikhona. I-dipstick yomchamo evamile futhi ayiqinisekisi ukungabikho kwesifo. Umchamo wabanye abantu uqukethe kuphela inani eliphezulu lezinto ezingavamile esigabeni esithuthukile sesifo, kuyilapho abanye abantu bekhipha izinto ezingavamile emchameni wabo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba ukuhlaziya umchamo kubaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni izifo ezithile, kuwukuxilongwa kuphela. Kufanele yengezwe ngokunye ukuhlaziya ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma cha imiphumela etholiwe, njenge:

• ukuhlolwa kwe-urinary cytobacteriological (ECBU);
• ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC);
• Ukuzila ushukela wegazi, okungukuthi, isilinganiso se-glucose egazini ngemuva kokuzila okungenani amahora angu-8.