Tuna

Incazelo

I-tuna iyinhlanzi yasolwandle edla inyama yomndeni we-mackerel. Itholakala emanzini ashisayo napholile olwandle lwasePacific, Indian kanye ne-Atlantic. Ezikhathini ezithile zomjikelezo wokuphila, iqhamuka oLwandle iMedithera, Olumnyama, nolwandle lwaseJapan. Kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zezentengiselwano.

Umzimba ude, u-fusiform, ufinyezwe ubheke emsileni. Ubukhulu buhluka kusuka ku-50 cm kuye ku-3-4 metres, kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-600 kg. Idla ama-sardine, i-shellfish nama-crustaceans. I-tuna ichitha impilo yayo yonke inyakaza, ikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esingafika ku-75 km ngehora. Ngakho-ke, i-tuna inemisipha ethuthuke kakhulu, okwenza inambitha ihluke kwezinye izinhlanzi.

Inyama yayo iqukethe i-myoglobin eningi, ngakho-ke igcwele insimbi futhi inombala obomvu ogqamile ekusikeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, inegama lesibili, "inkukhu yasolwandle" ne- "sea veal." Yaziswa kakhulu ngenani layo lokudla okunempilo.

Umlando

Ubuntu baqala ukuzingela lesi silwane esidla ulwandle eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu eyedlule. Abadobi baseJapane babengamaphayona kulolu daba. Ezweni le-Rising Sun, izitsha zendabuko ezivela enyameni yenhlanzi zithandwa kakhulu. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi kunenani elirekhodiwe labaneminyaka eyikhulu phakathi kwamaJapan liqinisekisa ukuthi i-tuna iphilile ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele nakanjani uyifake ekudleni.

EFrance, edume ngokudla kwayo okumnandi, lezi zibopho zezinhlanzi zibizwa kahle ngokuthi “inyama yenkonyane yasolwandle,” futhi zilungisa ukudla okulula nokunambithekayo kuyo.

Ukwakhiwa kwenyama ye-tuna

Iqukethe ubuncane bamafutha futhi ayinayo i-cholesterol. Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni aphezulu. Ingumthombo wamavithamini A, D, C, no-B amavithamini, i-omega-3 fatty acids, i-selenium, iodine, i-potassium ne-sodium.
Okuqukethwe kwekhalori - 100 kcal nge-100 g yomkhiqizo ngamunye.

• Inani lamandla: 139 kcal
• Amakhabhohayidrethi 0
• I-FAT 41.4
• Amaprotheni 97.6

Izinzuzo

Izinzuzo ze-tuna zifakazelwe ngezifundo eziphindaphindwayo:

• ngumkhiqizo odliwayo futhi usebenza kahle ukufakwa kwimenyu yokwehlisa isisindo;
• kunomthelela omuhle ezinhlelweni zezinzwa, zenhliziyo, zamathambo nezokuzala;
• kunomphumela omuhle ebuchosheni;
• kuvimbela ukuguga;
• kuthuthukisa ukubukeka nesimo senwele nesikhumba;
• isebenza ukuvimbela umdlavuza;
• iqinisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• kuqinisa amasosha omzimba;
• normalizes umzimba;
• Iphula ngokuphelele i-cholesterol.

Ama-Harms

Kuzo zonke izinzuzo zayo ezisobala, i-tuna nayo inezinto eziyingozi:

• inyama yabantu abaningi iqoqa i-mercury ne-histamine ngobuningi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane;
• akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngabantu abahluleka ukuhluleka kwezinso;
• akunconyelwe abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo;
• akuvunyelwe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo nge-tuna

1. Abantu baqala ukwenza le nhlanzi emuva ngo-1903. Ukuqala kokuthanyelwa kwe-tuna kubhekwa njengokuncipha okukhulu kokudoba izinhlanzi, okuthandwa kakhulu e-United States, ama-sardine.
2. Ngenxa yokuqala kokushoda kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle, izinkulungwane zabadobi zasala zingenamsebenzi, futhi izimboni eziningi zokulungisa nokwenza amathini nazo zalahlekelwa.
3. Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukubhujiswa, enye yezindawo ezinkulu zasemanzini zaseMelika ithatha isinqumo sokuthatha igxathu futhi yenza i-tuna ibe ngumkhiqizo wayo omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-tuna ayizange idume ngokushesha.
4. Ekuqaleni, yayingabhekwa njengenhlanzi. Abaningi babenamahloni futhi benganeliseki ngisho nombala wenyama ye-tuna - hhayi ephaphathekile, njengazo zonke izinhlanzi ezivamile, kodwa obomvu obomvu, okukhumbuza inyama yenkomo.
5. Kepha ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kwe-tuna kwalulungisa lolu daba, nokufunwa kwezinhlanzi ngokushesha kwanda. Ekubunjweni kwayo, i-tuna ingancintisana kalula ngisho nenyama yezilwane. Futhi maqondana nalokhu, abadobi abaningi baqala ukusebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile zokudoba ngokukhethekile ukubamba i-tuna. Futhi eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, i-tuna yaba yinto eluhlaza engaphekiwe eyishumi nambili yama-canneries. Ngo-1917, inani lezimboni zokulondolozwa kwe-tuna lase lenyuke laba ngamashumi amathathu nesithupha.
6. Namuhla, i-tuna ekheniwe isengenye yama-foo athandwa kakhulu futhi afunwa kakhulu. E-United States, i-tuna yenza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-XNUMX azo zonke izinhlanzi ezisemathinini, ngaphambi kwe-salmon yasendle efuywayo neyasendle.
7. Umbala ongajwayelekile we-tuna pulp, owehlukanisa nezinye izinhlanzi, kungenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-myoglobin. I-tuna ihamba ngokukhulu ukushesha. Ijubane lale nhlanzi lifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-75 ngehora. Futhi i-myoglobin yinto ekhiqizwa emisipheni ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu emzimbeni, futhi ibuye ibangele inyama ebomvu.
8. Ukuqhathanisa, ezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zivele zehlise isisindo sazo ngenkathi zisemanzini, azisebenzi. Imisipha yabo ayihluzi kangako futhi, ngokufanele, ikhiqiza i-myoglobin encane.

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-tuna?

Njengoba i-tuna akuyona inhlanzi enamafutha, kufanele uyidle isha kakhulu. Lapho uthenga ama-fillets, funa inyama iqine, ibe bomvu, noma ibe bomvu ngokumnyama okunambitheka okunenyama. Ungathathi izibopho uma zikhanyiswe eduze kwamathambo noma uma zinsundu. Uma ucezu lwenhlanzi luba luqweqwe, luyohlala lunamanzi amaningi ngemuva kokupheka.

Okuhamba phambili yi-tuna ye-bluefin (yebo, isengozini, ngakho-ke uma uyibona esitolo, cabanga ngokuthi kufanele uyithenge noma cha), i-yellowfin ne-albacore, noma i-longfin tuna. I-Bonito (i-Atlantic Bonito) iyisiphambano phakathi kwe-tuna ne-mackerel, evame ukuhlukaniswa njenge-tuna, futhi ibhekwa njengeyithandwa kakhulu.

Ungathenga i-tuna ekheniwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukudla okusemathinini kakhulu yi-albacore ne-tuna emthende. Ukudla okusemathinini kunamanzi, i-brine, imifino noma uwoyela womnqumo. Ukudla okusemathinini okuthengayo kufanele kubhalwe ukuthi “ihlengethwa elinobungane,” okukhombisa ukuthi abadobi babamba izinhlanzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inetha, elingabamba namahlengethwa nezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Kungabuye kube nophawu "oluhle lwezinyoni", olukhombisa ukuthi azikho izinyoni ezalimala lapho kudotshwa i-tuna. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu.

Isitoreji se-tuna

Sula imicu ye-tuna ngethawula lephepha bese ubeka epuletini. Qinisa ipuleti ngefilimu yokudla bese uyibeka esiqandisini eshalofini elingezansi. Udinga ukudla izinhlanzi emini. Kungasiza uma ugcina i-tuna ekheniwe endaweni epholile, emnyama. Ngemuva kokuvula imbiza, okuqukethwe kwayo kufanele kuthelwe embizeni yengilazi enesembozo esiqinile futhi kugcinwe esiqandisini isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24.

Nambitha izimfanelo

UTuna uyilungu lomndeni wakwaMackerel, ukunambitheka kwawo okulingene nokuhleleka kwenyama okuyizizathu eziyinhloko zokufunwa kwenhlanzi njengento yokudoba. Abapheki bathanda ukuyilondoloza futhi bakhe ubuciko bokudala.

Inyama yenhlanzi emnandi kakhulu isesiswini. Lapho kunamafutha futhi kumnyama kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye zemascara. Inyama yesisu ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ngokuya ngendawo yenyama nokuxinana kwamafutha. Ingxenye ekhuluphele kakhulu (o-toro) isesifundeni sekhanda, ilandelwa yingxenye yamafutha aphakathi nendawo (toro) kanye nengxenye egqamile yomsila (chu-toro). Inyama ikhuluphele, umbala wayo awukhanyi kangako.

Izicelo zokupheka

I-tuna iyisisekelo esidumile sokudla kwaseJapan naseMedithera. Izinketho ezithandwayo yi-sashimi, i-sushi, amasaladi, i-teriyaki, okuthosiwe, eyosiwe, ethosiwe eMpumalanga. Ochwepheshe bezindawo zokupheka zaseMedithera balungisa i-carpaccio ngenhlanzi, i-pizza, amasaladi, ukudla okulula kanye ne-pasta.

Ungayipheka kanjani i-tuna?

• Bhaka ucezu lwesinkwa noshizi namakhambi.
• Yenza amakhekhe ezinhlanzi ngo-anyanisi.
• Bhaka kuhhavini ngemayonnaise noshizi ngemifino.
• Engeza isaladi esisha nge-capers, iminqumo, iqanda.
• Songa ukugcwaliswa nge-tuna, amakhambi, imayonnaise ngesinkwa se-pita.
• Bhaka ku-rack rack, uthele i-teriyaki, nenkathi ngembewu yesame.
• Lungisa i-casserole ngezinhlanzi, amakhowe nama-noodle.
• Yenza i-pizza yase-Italy i-mozzarella.
• Bilisa isobho ukhilimu noma isobho ukhilimu ngezinhlanzi.
• Lungiselela i-soufflé ne-tuna, amaqanda, izinongo, ufulawa.

Yikuphi ukudla i-tuna ehambisana nakho?

• Ubisi: ushizi (cheddar, edam, parmesan, mozzarella, imbuzi, feta), ubisi, ukhilimu.
• AmaSoso: imayonnaise, teriyaki, soy, salsa.
• Imifino: iparsley, u-anyanisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ulethisi, i-dill, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, i-coriander, i-mint, i-nori.
• Izinongo, izinongo: i-ginger, imbewu yesesame, i-rosemary, i-thyme, i-ground pepper, i-basil, imbewu ye-caraway, isinaphi.
• Imifino: ama-capers, utamatisi, uphizi, amazambane, i-bell pepper, ukhukhamba, izaqathe, i-zucchini.
• Amafutha: umnqumo, isesame, ibhotela.
• Iqanda lenkukhu.
• Amakhowe we-Champignon.
• Izithelo: ukwatapheya, uphayinaphu, izithelo ezisawolintshi.
• I-pasta: ispaghetti.
• Amajikijolo: iminqumo, iminqumo.
• Okusanhlamvu: irayisi.
• Utshwala: iwayini elimhlophe.

I-Tuna E-GRILLED STEAK

Izithako zezinsizakalo ezi-3

• I-tuna steak 600 gr
• Ulamula 1
• Usawoti ukunambitha
• Ground pepper omnyama ukunambitha
• Ground red pepper ukunambitha
• Amafutha emifino 20 gr

Ukupheka

1. Geza ama-tuna steaks bese uwomisa ngethawula lephepha. Usawoti, upelepele, bese ubeka izingcezu zikalamula ngaphezulu. Ungathela ijusi kalamula esikhundleni sezingcezu. Shiya ukuhamba olwandle imizuzu engama-40.
2. Thela imifino noma uwoyela womnqumo ngephuzu eliphakeme lentuthu ezinhlanzini ezimnkantsha bese uhlikihla kancane ezinhlangothini zombili. Ungahle uthose uSteaks, ngaphandle kwamafutha, kepha ngale ndlela, i-tuna izoma.
3. Hlangisa ipani ye-grill kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu, NGAPHANDLE KWAMAFUTHA. Kumele yomile futhi ishise - lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu! Beka ama-steaks ku-grill bese ucindezela kancane ngaphezulu kwawo.
4. Fry ezinhlangothini zombili imizuzu eyi-1.5-2 kuphela ukuze inyama ibe namanzi kakhulu futhi ingafani nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-"sole" eyomile.
5. Isitsha sethu sesilungile! Cha, akuhlaza - kufanele kube njalo! Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ama-steaks okulungele ukudliwa, abomvana ngaphakathi futhi abe bomvu ngaphandle. Dlulisela esitsheni esiphansi noma endaweni yokusika. Ngincoma ngokungeziwe ukuwagcoba ngamafutha omnqumo amancane nokufafaza kancane ngejusi likalamula ezinhlangothini zombili.
6. Sinikeza ama-steaks imizuzu embalwa yokuphumula, ngemuva kwalokho siwethulela izivakashi.
7. Ngemuva kokuzama lokhu kudla okokuqala endaweni yokudlela, ngihlala ngifuna iresiphi ezokutshela ukuthi ungayipheka kanjani i-tuna epanini. Mangisho ukuthi izinhlanzi ekhaya zazingabi mnandi kangako, into esemqoka ukuyipheka kahle. Lapho ukhonza, ungahlobisa isidlo kahle ukuze sibukeke njengendawo yokudlela.

Ngiyeluleka: naphansi kwezimo shisisa ipani ye-grill ngamafutha, ngaphandle kwalokho uzoyonakalisa!

Isiphetho

Abantu bathanda izitsha ze-tuna ngoba inhlanzi iyanambitheka kakhulu futhi ibuye ibe nempilo enhle. Iqukethe amaminerali ahlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo zamavithamini ezinikela ekusebenzeni kahle kobuchopho. Futhi, i-tuna icebile ngamaphrotheni futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lezicubu zemisipha, elenza linambitheke njengenyama.

Ungakhetha noma yikuphi ukudla ohlangothini lwama-tuna steaks - ngokunambitha kwakho.