Okuqukethwe
Ulimi lunikezwa umuntu ukuze axhumane nabanye, aveze imicabango yakhe futhi athole ulwazi. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungananazi ukuthi yiluphi ulimi oluhle kakhulu: izingxabano azizange ziphele mayelana nalokhu ekamu lezazi zezilimi nabahumushi amakhulu eminyaka. Okuhle kungabizwa ngokuthi isiFulentshi, ulimi lwaseBrithani lwesiNgisi (oluhlukile lwaseMelika).
Okunye okujabulisayo ukuzwa iSpanishi, isiGreki, isiRashiya, isi-our country. By the way, ochwepheshe bathi isiRashiya ingenye izilimi okunzima kakhulu kwabezinye izizwe ukuba bafunde, futhi Chinese akuyona mnandi kakhulu ukulalela. Ulimi lwesiJalimane luzwakala lucacile futhi lulula, kuyilapho isiNtaliyane sivusa izithombe zasendulo zamaRoma. Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngomlando wezilimi eziyi-10 zomhlaba.
10 Lithuanian
Izazi zolimi ziphikisana ngezimpande Lithuanian kusukela ekhulwini lesi-3. Kunemibono eminingana ngisho nenkolelo-mbumbulu yemvelaphi yolimi lwalaba bantu baseBaltic. Manje lolu limi lungesinye sezikhulu e-European Union, lukhulunywa cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-XNUMX. Ulimi lufana nolimi lwaseYurophu, awukwazi ukulibiza ngokuthi alijabulisi endlebeni.
Amagama amnandi, ngisho “ne-phlegmatic” alolu limi ayatholisa, futhi ukuphila ngokwako e-Baltic States bekugeleza ngokulinganiswa nangokukhululekile amakhulu eminyaka ambalwa. Abantu baseLithuania bakhuluma kancane, bedweba izinhlamvu namagama ngamanye. Ukufunda isiLithuania akunzima neze, ikakhulukazi kubantu baseYurophu namaSlav. Ulwazi lolimi luyimpoqo ezakhamuzini zaseLithuania futhi luyakhethwa "kubantu okungezona izakhamizi" (kukhona umqondo onjalo emthethweni wezwe).
9. Chinese
Chinese kubhekwa njengenye yezinto zakudala kakhulu emhlabeni, ukwakheka kwayo kwaqala ngekhulu le-XI BC. Izilimi ezihlukahlukene zesiShayina manje sezisetshenziswa abantu abangaphezu kwebhiliyoni elilodwa. Kanye nesiRashiya, kungenye yezilimi ezinzima kakhulu ukufunda. Ngisho naseGuinness Book of Records, wabonakala ngokunembile ngenxa yobunzima. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ulimi "lubukhali", kuningi ukuhayiza.
Ngendlela, ama-hieroglyphs aseKorea naseJapane angamaShayina ahlanzekile, ayebolekwa abantu base-Asia ezikhathini zasendulo, kodwa "eyesimanje" ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuyahlekisa, kodwa naphezu kokuthi amaShayina avela ezifundazweni ezahlukene ayesebenzisa ulimi olufanayo olubhaliwe, ngaphambi (futhi ngisho namanje ngezindlela eziningi) ayengazwani. Kuphela phakathi neminyaka yama-50 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uhulumeni woMbuso WaseZulwini wethula indinganiso yolimi olulodwa, isisekelo saso okwakuwukuphimisela kweBeijing.
8. Russian
Banamuhla Ulimi lwesiRussia Ivela olimini lwesiSlavonic Esidala, iSonto Slavonic nezilimi zesiRashiya Esidala. Izilimi zesigodi zanyamalala kancane kancane enkulumweni yabantu baseMpumalanga Slavic, ukukhulunywa kokuqala kolimi lwesimanje kwavela ngesikhathi sokubhapathizwa kweRussia cishe ngo-999 AD. Kukholakala ukuthi izincwadi nemibhalo yesonto yokuqala yafika eRus ivela eBulgaria ngemva kokuhunyushwa kwayo isuka olimini lwesiGreki.
UCyril noMethodius banikeza leli zwe ulimi olubhalwayo lwesimanje uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa isiSlavonic seSonto, esasibhekwa njengolimi olusemthethweni, kanye neSlavonic yeSonto Elidala (esivela kuCyril noMethodius nje) asizange sixabane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babebonakala bephelelisana. Nokho, ukuguqulwa okubaluleke kakhulu kolimi lwesiRashiya kwenzeka ngaphansi kukaPeter I ngo-1710. Ulimi kunzima ukulufunda, kodwa luhle ngomsindo, ikakhulukazi ezingomeni zomculo. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-300 bakhuluma isiRashiya.
7. Italian
ulimi Italian kwavela ngesisekelo solimi lwesigodi saseFlorentine, lapho uDante, uBoccaccio noPetrarch abhala khona. Empeleni, babizwa ngokuthi abadali bolimi lwesimanje lwesiNtaliyane. Nakuba ezikhathini zasendulo nakwamanye amazwe, izakhamuzi zendawo ethile yase-Italy zazingabaqondi neze omakhelwane bazo abakude. Manje ulimi lwesiNtaliyane luthandwa kakhulu ekufundeni.
IsiNtaliyane sikhulunywa e-Italy ngokwayo, eVatican, eSwitzerland nakwamanye amazwe, isibonelo, kwezinye izindawo zaseCroatia naseSlovenia. I-alfabhethi imfishane kakhulu ezilimini zaseYurophu, kunezinhlamvu ezingama-26 kuphela. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-70 emhlabeni jikelele bakhuluma isiNtaliyane. Njengoba amagama amaningi olimi egcina ngonkamisa, ulimi ngokwalo luhle kakhulu futhi lumnandi.
6. Korean
Izazi zolimi zithi Korean cishe iminyaka engu-500. Ngaphambilini, izinhlamvu zesiShayina zazisetshenziswa eKorea, kancane kancane zizenza zibe zesimanjemanje. I-alfabhethi inezinhlamvu ezingama-29, eziyi-10 zazo zingonkamisa. Ulimi lwesiKorea lunokhahlo, kodwa "lunenhlonipho", ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Kuyahlekisa, kodwa amaKorea asebenzisa izinombolo zesiKorea amahora kanye nezinombolo zesiShayina imizuzu. Ngisho negama elivamile elithi “ngiyabonga” libizwa ngendlela ehlukile, kuye ngokuthi lihloselwe bani.
Naphezu “kobukhali” bolimi okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla, izingoma zesiKorea zimnandi futhi zinhle. Indlela elula yokufunda isiKorea iwulwazi lwesiShayina noma isiJapanese, wulimi lwase-Asia olulula ukufunda. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-75 bakhuluma isiKorea Sanamuhla.
5. Greek
Ulimi lwesiGrikhi isuka cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC, yaguqulwa kancane kancane futhi yaba ngcono. Izikhumbuzo eziyinhloko zasendulo zolimi yizinkondlo ezinhle "Odyssey" kanye "Iliad" kaHomer, nakuba ososayensi basaphikisana ngalokhu. Yebo, nezinye izinhlekelele kanye namahlaya amaGreki kwehlele esikhathini sethu. Ulimi luthathwa njengolulula ukulufunda, olumnandi kanye “nomculo omnandi”.
Isikole sase-Athene sefilosofi kanye ne-oratory cishe iyinkomba, lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko ephakeme kakhulu yobuciko bomlomo ezweni ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12 BC. Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-25 bakhuluma iqembu lezilimi zesiGreki namuhla, futhi cishe u-XNUMX% wamagama esiRashiya anezimpande zesiGreek.
4. our country
Ulimi lwesi-our country kwavela ngesisekelo sezilimi zesigodi zaseNingizimu Russian ezisetshenziswa ezifundeni zaseRostov naseVoronezh, lolu limi lwadalwa ngokwenziwa. Ifonetiki yaseSlavic yaseRussia yahlanekezelwa ngamabomu, imisindo ethile yaqala ukushintshwa abanye, kodwa ngokuvamile, endaweni yeRussia Ephakathi, ulimi lwase-our country lwaluqondwa iningi lezakhamuzi zezwe. Isimo sase-our country ngokwaso sasingakakabi khona, futhi izindawo kwakungezasePoland, eHungary nakwamanye amazwe.
Ulimi lumnandi kakhulu futhi luhle, abantu abaningi bathanda izingoma ngesi-our country. Ngokuvamile isakhamuzi saseKyiv asiqondi umakhelwane wakhe wase-Ivano-Frankivsk, kuyilapho amaMuscovite namaSiberia ekhuluma ulimi olufanayo. Ulimi lwesi-our country kulula kakhulu ukulufunda, ikakhulukazi kumaRussia, amaBelarusian, amaPoles.
3. Arab
Umlando Arabic ngendlela yesimanjemanje cishe iminyaka eyi-1000. Amazwe amaningi omhlaba aboleke amagama ezinombolo kuma-Arabhu. Ulimi lwesi-Arabhu lucacile futhi luyaqondakala ekuhlolweni okujulile, kodwa aluthokozisi kakhulu indlebe yaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yomculo yesi-Arabhu ihlukaniswa ngomculo omnandi nobuhle obukhethekile basempumalanga.
Isici salolu limi ukwehlukaniswa kwalo kube yimibhalo yakudala (izimpande zivela kuKoran), yesimanje kanye ne-colloquial. Ama-Arabhu avela emazweni ahlukene awavamile ukuzwana ngenxa yokwehluka kwezilimi zesigodi. Kodwa, besebenzisa ulimi lwesigodi lwesimanje ekukhulumeni, bayabaqonda omakhelwane babo. Ulimi lwesi-Arabhu lunamacala ama-3 kuphela, kulula kakhulu ukulufunda ngokukhuthala okufanele.
2. Spanish
Use Spanish ezikhulunywa namuhla ngabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-500. Ulimi lungelinye lamaqembu ezilimi zesiRomance. Lolu wulimi olumnandi nolumnandi; izingoma zomculo zizwakala kahle ngeSpanishi. Amagama amaningi aboleka kuma-Arabhu (cishe 4 XNUMX). Emakhulwini e-XVI-XVIII, kwakungabantu baseSpain abathola izinto eziningi zendawo, bethula ulimi lwabo emasikweni aseNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika nakwezinye izifundazwe zase-Asia.
Naphezu kwemithetho emisiwe kakade, ulimi lweSpanishi luyaqhubeka luthuthuka futhi luthuthuke namuhla. Kubhekwa njengento elula kakhulu ukuyifunda, futhi manje isikhulunywa emazweni angu-20 emhlabeni jikelele.
1. French
Olunye lwezilimi ezinhle kakhulu zaseYurophu, oluvela olimini lwesiLatini oludumile. Ithonya layo ekubunjweni French futhi inikele ngezilimi nezilimi zesigodi zesiJalimane nesiCeltic. Wonke umuntu uyazazi izingoma namamuvi amnandi ngesiFulentshi. Abaningi baseRussia babhala ngesikhathi sabo ngesiFulentshi, isibonelo, u-Leo Tolstoy wabhala umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu "Impi Nokuthula" ngalolu limi futhi.
Ukungazi isiFulentshi emphakathini ophakeme kwabe sekubhekwa njengento embi, abantu abaningi abahlonishwayo baxhumana kuphela kuyo. IsiFulentshi sisendaweni yesi-8 emhlabeni ngokuthandwa, sikhulunywa ngabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-220.