I-Thrombocythemia wukwanda kwamaplatelet egazi, okuwumphumela wokwanda kwengozi ye-thrombosis (amahlule egazi). Ikhonjwa ngesampula yegazi noma i-bone marrow biopsy. Iphathwa ngama-aspirin noma ama-anti-platelet.

Incazelo

I-Thrombocythemia yiqembu lezifo zegazi. Ngokuyinhloko athinta ama-platelet egazi, amangqamuzana akhiqizwa umnkantsha futhi indima yawo iwukuvala igazi (ukulenza liqine ngokwengeziwe).

Ngesikhathi se-thrombocythemia ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli we-stem emnkantsheni wethambo kuyinto engavamile, kuholela ekwandeni kwamaseli e-platelet yegazi. Kodwa-ke, indima yabo ukuhlangana kwegazi, lokhu kwanda kuholela engcupheni eyengeziwe yokuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi: i-thrombosis.

Ngokwezinga elincane, i-thrombocythemia ingase ibangele ukopha ngaphandle kokulimala okubonakalayo.

Izingozi esigulini

Ikakhulukazi umphumela we-thrombocythemia okufanele wesatshwe. I-Thrombosis isalokhu iyimbangela enkulu yokufa. Isilinganiso sokuphila komuntu one-thrombocythemia engalashwa yiminyaka engu-12 kuya kwengu-15, kodwa siyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi i-thrombosis ingakanani.

Omunye umphumela omkhulu ukuvela kokuphuma kwegazi, (ikakhulukazi esikhumbeni noma kulwelwesi lwamafinyila). I-Thrombocythemia ingabangela ukopha kwekhala, izinsini, imihuzuko evela kumaqhubu amancane, noma ngisho negazi emchameni.

Izinkinga ze-thrombocythemia

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-thrombocythemia:

• Ukusabela, okuhambisana nokuguquguquka. Lesi sifo singaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokungenwa yizifo, ukuvuvukala, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukuntuleka kwensimbi egazini, noma isimila.
• Okubalulekile, ku-10 kuya ku-20% wamacala, avela ngaphandle komsuka omisiwe. Ziyingxenye ye-myeloproliferative syndromes.

Yihlole

Ukuxilongwa kwe-thrombocythemia kwenziwa ngesampula yegazi. Umkhawulo uhlolwa ezingeni leplatelet elikhulu kunama-450 nge-microliter ngayinye, lihambisana nemingcele evamile. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokumane kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokunikela ngegazi noma ukuhlolwa kodokotela.

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa-ke ukukhombisa isifo.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-bone marrow biopsy (iqoqo lesampula) iyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-stem cell.

Izici zengozi

I-thrombocythemia ihlasela ikakhulukazi abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-70, kanye nabesifazane abasebasha. Iziguli ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 zingase zibe sengcupheni eyengeziwe uma zinomlando we-thrombosis (amahlule egazi) noma ezinye izingozi zegazi. Kodwa-ke, ukubala okuphezulu kweplatelet akuyona inkomba yengozi.

Azikho izimpawu zangempela ze-thrombocythemia, kodwa izinkomba ezimbalwa ziyavela:

• Ukuzwa ukusha, ububomvu, ukushoshozela emaphethelweni omzimba (izandla, izinyawo), noma ngokuphambene nokuba neminwe ebandayo.
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni
• Ukubukeka kwamabala embonweni
• Ubuthakathaka bomzimba, isiyezi
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Ukopha (imihuzuko njalo, ikhala elopha, izinsini ezizwelayo)

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuqapha isibalo sakho seplatelet yegazi phakathi nokuhlolwa okuvamile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isigamu se-thrombocythemia sitholwa ngaphandle kokuba isiguli sikhononde ngezimpawu.

aspirin

Izimo eziningi ze-thrombocythemia ziphathwa nge-aspirin, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-coagulant, ukunciphisa ingozi ye-thrombosis, kanye nokukhulula izimpawu.

Ama-anti-platelet

Imithi efana ne-hydroxyurea ne-anagrelides noma i-interferon-alpha ithathwa kuze kube yilapho inani leplatelet yegazi libuyela kokujwayelekile.

I-Thrombacytaphése

Esimeni esiphuthumayo, isibonelo uma isibalo seplatelet siphezulu kakhulu, i-thrombacytapheresis ingenziwa. Inhloso yokuhlinzwa iwukukhipha igazi lesiguli, ukukhipha ama-platelet egazi ngaphambi kokulijova ngaphandle kwama-platelet alo.

Izimo ezimbi kakhulu zingase futhi zihambisane nokufakelwa kwe-stem cell kumuntu osemusha.

Njengoba lesi sifo singelapheki ezimweni eziningi, uzodinga ukujwayela ukuthatha lolu hlobo lwemithi elwa nokuquleka njalo impilo yakho yonke.

Ngokungafani ne-reactive thrombocythemia, ebonakala ilandela esinye isifo, izinto ezibalulekile zinemvelaphi okusenzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda, ngakho-ke akukho ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo ngempela.