Ukuze sihlale sinamanzi futhi sithambile, isikhumba sidinga inani lamaprotheni nama-molecule. Phakathi kwabo, i-hyaluronic acid, urea, elastin ne-collagen. Ngokwemvelo ekhona emzimbeni, ubuningi babo buyancipha ngokukhula, okuyimbangela yokuguga kwesikhumba nokoma (ngokuchayeka elangeni). Ngenhlanhla, lawa maprotheni nama-molecule atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokwelapha izimonyo namuhla. Nakhu ukuthi kungani isikhumba esomile nesivuthiwe kufanele sihlanganise lezi zithako emicikilishweni yabo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba.

I-Hyaluronic acid (HA) iyimolekyuli engokwemvelo ekhona ezicutshini eziningi nakuketshezi emzimbeni. Kutholakala, isibonelo, kuketshezi lwe-synovial lwamajoyini ukuvumela indawo yamathambo ishelele phakathi kwabo. Kubuye kube namahlaya we-vitreous esweni, into ene-gelatinous egcwalisa iso ngemuva kwelensi. Kepha lapho sithola khona i-hyaluronic acid kakhulu, isesikhumbeni. I-molecule itholakala kakhulu ezingeni lesikhumba (ungqimba lwangaphakathi kakhulu lwesikhumba), futhi ngezinga elincane ezingeni le-epidermis (ungqimba olukha phezulu lwesikhumba). 

I-molecule yokugcina elwa nokuguga, i-hyaluronic acid isiza ukugcina isikhumba sinamanzi. Ngempela, le molekyuli iyakwazi ukumunca kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-1000 isisindo sayo emanzini. Isikhumba esicebile nge-hyaluronic acid sine-hydrated, ithoni futhi ibushelelezi (i-molecule igcwalisa izikhala ze-intercellular ezibangela imibimbi). Ngaphezu kokuba yisihlangu esihle kakhulu sokulwa nemibimbi, i-hyaluronic acid ithuthukisa ukuphulukiswa kwesikhumba uma sonakalisiwe ngoba ithuthukisa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesakhiwo sesikhumba. 

Inkinga, ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kwe-hyaluronic acid kuyehla kancane ngokuguga. Isikhumba bese siyoma, sithambe kakhudlwana bese ubuso buba yigobongo.

Ngakho ukuze uqhubeke ujabulela zonke izinzuzo ze-hyaluronic acid esikhumbeni sakho, ungasebenzisa izimonyo noma izithasiselo zokudla eziqukethe. I-HA ingajovwa ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Noma kuyisithako senkanyezi kokhilimu abashwabene, imithombo yangaphandle engcono kakhulu ye-hyaluronic acid imijovo nezithako zokudla. 

I-Urea iyi-molecule ebangelwa ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni ngumzimba. Yenziwa yisibindi futhi ikhishwe emchameni. Izinzuzo zayo eziningi esikhumbeni zisungulwe kahle. Yingakho ihlanganiswa kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwezimonyo. I-urea ezimonyoni ikhiqizwa nge-ammonia ne-carbon dioxide. Ikona i-molecule ye-exfoliating ngokwemvelo. Akuqukethe okusanhlamvu kepha isusa amangqamuzana esikhumba afile ngokuwaqeda ngobumnene. Ngokuqondile, i-urea ikhulula futhi ichithe izikali, isenzo esenza ukuthi kube lula ikakhulukazi ukushelela isikhumba esibi. Ngenxa ye-urea, isikhumba sithambile futhi sithatha kangcono izithako ezisebenzayo eziqukethwe ekwelashweni okusetshenziswe kamuva.

Ekugcineni, i-urea igcina ukugeleza kwesikhumba ngenxa yokuthi imunca futhi igcine amanzi kalula, njenge-hyaluronic acid. Ukwelashwa okusekelwe ku-urea kuboniswa esikhumbeni esomile, esikhumbeni esibucayi kodwa futhi nezindawo ezimaholo zomzimba (izinyawo, izindololwane, njll.). I-Urea nayo iyatuswa ekwelapheni i-keratosis pilaris, isifo sofuzo esiyingozi esiphumela esikhumbeni esinamahlamvu ezingalweni, emathangeni, ezinqeni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezihlathini. 

I-Elastin yiprotheni eyenziwe ngamaseli abizwa ngama-fibroblasts, atholakala esikhumbeni, ungqimba lwangaphakathi impela lwesikhumba. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-elastin yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezinwebeka, yilokhu okuvumela isikhumba ukuthi siphinde siqale ukubonakala kwaso kokuqala ngemuva kokuncinwa noma ukwelulwa. I-Elastin ingelula kuze kufike ku-150% wobude bayo ekuphumuleni ngaphambi kokuphula! Ngokuqondile, idlala indima ye-binder phakathi kwamaseli futhi ibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezicubu zezinto eziphilayo. Ayibandakanyi nje kuphela ekusebenzeni kwesikhumba kodwa nakulokho kwamaphaphu, izicubu ezixhumeneyo, imithambo yegazi ngisho nemisipha ethile. 

Njenge-hyaluronic acid, izitolo ze-elastin ziyaphela ngeminyaka. Ngakho-ke i-dermis ilahlekelwa ukuqina nethoni futhi ayisakwazi ukulwa nemiphumela yokuncipha kwemisipha engaphansi: lokhu kuvela imibimbi. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi, ukuvezwa kaningi emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kusheshisa ukonakala kwe-elastin.

Ukuze usize isikhumba sakho sigcine ukuthamba nokuqina kwaso, ukubheja izimonyo ezifaka i-elastin kwifomula yazo. Kufanele wazi ukuthi kusukela eminyakeni engama-30, amasheya e-elastin ehla kakhulu. Ama-Fibroblast akhiqiza kuphela okubizwa nge- "rigid" elastin. Inhloso yokwelashwa okuhlanganiswe ne-elastin ngakho-ke ukugcina izakhiwo ze-elastin encane ngangokunokwenzeka. 

ICollagen yiprotheni elinezicucu elikhona ngobuningi emzimbeni. Kuyingxenye enkulu yesikhumba kepha kuyatholakala kwenye indawo emzimbeni: imithambo yegazi, uqwanga, amazinyo, i-cornea, umgudu wokugaya ukudla… Indima yayo ukuxhuma amaseli namanye (nge-elastin) ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokunamathisela. I-Collagen ibonakala ngokuvela kwayo okunamicu nokuqinile. 

Le protein isiza ukugcina isikhumba sinamanzi amaningi ngoba kuyasiza ukugcina izinga elihle lamanzi ku-epidermis. Elle ibuye ikhuthaze ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu, okwenza kube umlingani omkhulu wokuthuthukisa ukuphulukiswa uma kwenzeka ukulimala. Ekugcineni, collagen yenza isikhumba sithambe kakhudlwana futhi simelane nokunwebeka. 

Ukunxephezela ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwemvelo kwe-collagen okuhambisana nobudala, kufanelekile ukuphendukela kuzindlela zokwelapha ezikuqukethe ukuze kugcinwe ithoni nokuqina kwesikhumba. Kuboniswa ikakhulukazi esikhunjeni esivuthiwe ukunciphisa imiphumela yokuguga (imibimbi, ukulahleka kwesikhumba ukuqina, isikhumba esomile). Itholakala ngesimo sokhilimu, ama-serum, amaski noma ama-capsule okufanele athathwe ngomlomo.