Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zicabanga ukuthi izinyanga zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwengane zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana okugcwele, uthando nobungane, nokwakhiwa kobudlelwane obuzinzile. Manje le-hypothesis ithole ukuqinisekiswa okuqondile kwe-biochemical.
Izingane ezincishwa ukuxhumana nabazali bazo ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa zisengozini yokuhlala zikhubazekile ngokomzwelo, ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo ukuphila kwakho konke. Ngisho nokutholwa komndeni omusha ogcwele ngokugcwele nabazali bokutholwa abanothando akuqinisekisi ukuvuselelwa okuphelele uma ingane ichitha iminyaka engu-1-2 yokuqala yokuphila ekhaya lezintandane.
Isiphetho esidumazayo esinjalo safinyelelwa iqembu lezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo elaliholwa uSeth D. Pollak wase-University of Wisconsin (Madison, eU.SA), elanyathelisa imiphumela yocwaningo lwalo kwelinye lamajenali esayensi ahlonishwa kakhulu—iProceedings of the National Academy of Isayensi yase-USA (PNAS).
Kuyaziwa ukuthi indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kobudlelwane bomuntu siqu obuphelele nobucebile ngokomzwelo idlalwa ama-neuropeptides - izinto ezibonisa izimpawu ezinquma isimo somzwelo kubantu nasezilwaneni eziphakeme. Kunzima ukuzwa imizwa eqotho ngomuntu okusondelana kwakhe kusibangela imizwelo engemihle noma engabangeli lutho. Ukuthintana nomuntu othandekayo ngokuvamile kufanele kuholele ekwandeni kokuhlushwa kwama-neuropeptides athile (ikakhulukazi, i-oxytocin) ku-cerebrospinal fluid kanye negazi. Kungenjalo, ngeke uthole injabulo noma injabulo ekukhulumeni, ngisho noma uqonda ngengqondo yakho ukuthi ungumuntu omangalisayo nokuthi kungakanani okuhle akwenzele kona.
Konke lokhu akutholakali neze kubantu. Kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo (kuhlanganise nalezo zinhlobo ezinemindeni eyodwa), uhlelo olufanayo lokulawula imizwelo ye-hormonal lunesibopho sokwakheka kokunamathiselwe okuzinzile, okuthi, ngokombono we-biochemical, akufani nothando lomuntu.
UPollack nozakwabo bafunda isampula yezingane eziyi-18 ezaziyizintandane ezachitha izinyanga zokuqala noma iminyaka yokuphila ekhaya lezintandane (kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisi-7 kuye kwezingu-42, ngokwesilinganiso esiyizi-16,6), base bemukelwa noma bamukelwe abantu abaphumelelayo, abadla izambane likapondo. yenza imindeni. Ngesikhathi kuqala ukuhlola, izingane zase zichithe izinyanga eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-48 (36,4 ngokwesilinganiso) ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezinethezekile. Njengoba «control» zazisetshenziswa izingane ezihlala nabazali bazo kusukela ekuzalweni.
Abacwaningi balinganise amazinga ama-neuropeptide amabili abalulekile ahlotshaniswa nokuxhumana komphakathi (kokubili abantu nasezilwaneni): i-oxytocin ne-vasopressin. Ukugqama kwendlela yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuthi izinga lama-neuropeptides alilinganiswanga ku-cerebrospinal fluid futhi hhayi egazini (njengoba kuyisiko ezimweni ezinjalo), kodwa emchameni. Lokhu kwawenza waba lula kakhulu umsebenzi futhi kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuba zingalimazi izingane ngokuthathwa kwesampula yegazi ngokuphindaphindiwe, noma ngisho nangaphezulu, uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kudale ubunzima obuthile kubabhali bocwaningo. Akubona bonke ozakwabo abavumelana nesitatimende sokuthi ukugcwala kwama-neuropeptides emcinini kuyinkomba eyanele yezinga lokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinto emzimbeni. Ama-peptide awazinzile, futhi iningi lawo lingacekelwa phansi egazini ngaphambi kokuba lingene emchamweni. Ababhali abazange benze izifundo ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwamazinga e-neuropeptides egazini nomchamo, babhekisela kuphela ezihlokweni ezimbili kunalokho ezindala (1964 kanye ne-1987), ezihlinzeka ngedatha yokuhlola esekela umbono wabo.
Ngandlela thize, kwavela ukuthi izinga le-vasopressin kulabo ababeyizintandane liphansi ngokuphawulekayo uma liqhathaniswa nelabantwana "basekhaya".
Isithombe esimangalisa nakakhulu satholwa esinye "sokuxhumana" neuropeptide - oxytocin. Izinga eliyisisekelo lale nto lalicishe lifane ezintandaneni zangaphambili naseqenjini lokulawula. Ukuhlolwa okubekwe izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kwaba kanje: izingane zidlala umdlalo wekhompiyutha zihlezi emathangeni kamama wazo (zomdabu noma zokutholwa), okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwalinganiswa izinga le-oxytocin emchameni futhi laqhathaniswa «nesisekelo» esikalwa ngaphambi kokuqala komchamo. ukuhlola. Kwesinye isenzakalo, zona lezi zingane zazidlala umdlalo ofanayo emathangeni owesifazane ongaziwa.
Kuvele ukuthi izinga le-oxytocin liyakhula ngokuphawulekayo ezinganeni "zasekhaya" ngemuva kokuxhumana nonina, kuyilapho ukudlala ndawonye nowesifazane ongajwayelekile akubangeli umphumela onjalo. Kubantu ababeyizintandane, i-oxytocin ayizange ikhule ngokuthintana nomama wokutholwa noma ekuxhumaneni nomuntu ongamazi.
Le miphumela edabukisayo ibonisa ukuthi ikhono lokujabulela ukuxhumana nomuntu othandekayo, ngokusobala, lakhiwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Ojahidada abancishwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi sento ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuxhumana nabazali babo - bangase bahlale bempofu ngokomzwelo impilo yonke, kuyoba nzima kubo ukuzivumelanisa nomphakathi futhi bakhe umndeni ogcwele.