I-Teratospermia (noma i-teratozoospermia) wukungajwayelekile kwesidoda esibonakala ngesidoda esinokukhubazeka kokuma kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhubazeka, amandla okuvundisa esidodeni ayaphazamiseka, futhi umbhangqwana ungase ube nobunzima bokukhulelwa.

I-Teratospermia wukungajwayelekile kwesidoda esibonakala ngesidoda esinokukhubazeka kwe-morphologic. Lokhu okungavamile kungathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zesidoda:

• ikhanda, eliqukethe i-nucleus ethwala ama-chromosome kayise angu-23;
• i-acrosome, ulwelwesi oluncane olungaphambi kwekhanda okuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lukhiphe ama-enzyme azovumela isidoda ukuba siwele indawo ye-pellucid ye-oocyte;
• i-flagellum, lo "msila" owuvumela ukuba uhambe futhi ngenxa yalokho ukhuphuke usuka esithweni sangasese uye esibelethweni bese ulandela amashubhu, ukuze uhlangane okungenzeka ne-oocyte;
• ingxenye ephakathi phakathi kwe-flagellum nekhanda.

Ngokuvamile, i-anomalies i-polymorphic: ingaba miningi, ngobukhulu noma ukuma, ithinta kokubili ikhanda kanye ne-flagellum, ihlukahluka kusuka kwesinye isidoda kuya kwesinye. Kungaba i-globozoospermia (ukungabikho kwe-acrosome), i-flagellum ephindwe kabili noma ikhanda eliphindwe kabili, i-flagellum ehlanganisiwe, njll.

Konke lokhu okungaqondakali kunomthelela emandleni okuvundisa esidodeni, ngakho-ke nasekuvundeni kwendoda. Umthelela uzobaluleka kakhulu noma ngaphansi ngokuya ngephesenti lesidoda esivamile esisele. I-Teratospermia inganciphisa amathuba okukhulelwa, futhi iholele nasekungazali kowesilisa uma inzima.

Ngokuvamile, i-teratospermia ihlotshaniswa nokunye okungavamile kwesidoda: i-oligospermia (inombolo enganele ye-spermatozoa-, i-asthenospermia (ukukhubazeka ekuhambeni kwesidoda. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-oligo-astheno-teraozoospermia (OATS).

Njengakho konke ukungahambi kahle kwesidoda, izimbangela zingase zibe amahomoni, ezithathelwanayo, ezinobuthi, noma ezokwelapha. I-morphology ye-spermatozoa empeleni iyipharamitha yokuqala okufanele ishintshwe yisici sangaphandle (ukuchayeka ebuthini, ukutheleleka, njll.). Ochwepheshe abaningi ngokwengeziwe bacabanga ukuthi ukungcoliswa komkhathi nokudla (ngokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ikakhulukazi) kunomthelela oqondile ku-morphology ye-spermatozoa.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, asikho isizathu esitholakalayo.

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-teratospermia ubunzima bokukhulelwa. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuma kwesidoda kuyinto engavamile akuphazamisi ukwenzeka kokukhubazeka enganeni engakazalwa, kodwa kuphela amathuba okukhulelwa.

I-Teratospermia itholakala kusetshenziswa i-spermogram, okukodwa kokuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile emadodeni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokungazali. Ivumela isifundo sekhwalithi nenani lesidoda ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwemingcele yebhayoloji ehlukene:

• umthamo we-ejaculate;
• i-pH;
• ukugxila kwesidoda;
• ukuhamba kwesidoda;
• i-sperm morphology;
• ubungqabavu besidoda.

Ingxenye emayelana ne-sperm morphology iyingxenye ende futhi enzima kakhulu ye-spermogram. Ekuhlolweni okubizwa ngokuthi i-spermocytogram, isidoda esingu-200 siyalungiswa futhi singcoliswe kumaslayidi e-smear. Khona-ke isazi sezinto eziphilayo sizofunda izingxenye ezihlukene zesidoda ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze sihlole iphesenti lesidoda esivamile se-morphologically.

Uhlobo lokungahambi kahle kwe-morphological nalo luyacatshangelwa ukuze kulinganiswe umthelela we-teratospermia ekuzaleni. Kunezigaba eziningana ezikhona:

• isigaba sikaDavid esalungiswa ngu-Auger no-Eustache, esasetshenziswa amalabhorethri athile aseFrance;
• i-Kruger classification, i-WHO international classification, isetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umshini ozenzakalelayo, lokhu kuhlukaniswa “okubi” ngokwedlulele kuhlukanisa njenge-spermatozoa engavamile noma iyiphi i-spermatozoon echezuka, ngisho nokuncane kakhulu, efomini elibhekwa njengelivamile.

Uma ingxenye yesidoda esakheke kahle ingaphansi kuka-4% ngokwesigaba se-WHO, noma i-15% ngokwesigaba sikaDavid esilungisiwe, kusolwa i-teratospermia. Kodwa mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwesidoda, i-spermogram yesibili noma yesithathu izokwenziwa ngokuhlukana kwezinyanga ezi-3 (isikhathi somjikelezo we-spermatogenesis siyizinsuku ezingama-74) ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuqinile, ikakhulukazi njengoba izici ezihlukene zingathonya ku-morphology yesidoda. isikhathi eside sokuzithiba, ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-cannabis, isiqephu somkhuhlane, njll.).

Ukuhlolwa kwe-migration-survival (TMS) kuvame ukuqeda ukuxilongwa. Kwenza kube nokuhlolwa kwenani le-spermatozoa elikwazi ukuphelela esibelethweni futhi elikwazi ukuvundisa i-oocyte.

Umkhuba wesidoda uvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-spermogram ukuze kutholakale ukutheleleka okungase kuguqule ukwakheka kwesidoda futhi kuholele ekukhubazekeni kwe-morphological yesidoda.

Uma ukutheleleka kutholakala ngesikhathi sesiko lesidoda, ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kuzonqunywa. Uma ukuchayeka kobuthi obuthile (ugwayi, izidakamizwa, utshwala, imithi) kusolwa ukuthi yimbangela ye-teratospermia, ukuqedwa kobuthi kuyoba yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuphatha.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi asikho isizathu esitholakalayo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-ART kuzonikezwa abashadikazi. Iphesenti lesidoda sesimo esijwayelekile liyinkomba enhle yomthamo wemvelo wokuvundisa wesidoda, liyingxenye yesinqumo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kokusinda kokufuduka, ekukhetheni indlela ye-ART: ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwesidoda. uterine (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF) noma in vitro fertilization ngomjovo we-intracytoplasmic (IVF-ICSI).