Njengamanye amakhowe amaningi, ama-boletus namakhowe e-aspen angatshalwa ezindlini zasehlobo. Ukuze kutshalwe amakhowe e-aspen, kungcono ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvuna okusanhlamvu i-mycelium noma ukulungisa ukumiswa kwamakhowe. Ukukhula kwe-boletus ezweni kungenziwa ngokuhlwanyela indawo enomthunzi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinezinhlamvu zezigqoko zamakhowe amadala.
I-Boletus iyi-fungus ye-mycorrhizal e-tubular. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-aspen, i-redhead. Kuvamile endaweni epholile yaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ikhula emahlathini axubile ase-aspen aseYurophu, eSiberia, e-Urals, eMpumalanga Ekude. Izithelo ehlobo kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba. Ikhula ezindaweni ezikhanyayo ezimanzi, emhlabathini ovundile oyisihlabathi omncane. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zaleli khowa.
Ikepisi lamakhowe amancane liyindilinga, imiphetho yawo icindezelwe ngokuqinile esiqwini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iba isicaba futhi ifane ne-cushion futhi ikhule ibe ngu-20 cm ububanzi. Umbala ungahluka ukusuka kobomvu kanye nobomvu-nsundu ukuya komhlophe noma onsundu ngokumhlophe. Amashubhu ampunga, akhilimu noma amhlophe. Umlenze unwebeka uye phansi noma i-cylindrical, umhlophe, ukhula ufinyelele ku-20 cm ubude futhi ufike ku-5 cm ububanzi. Imbozwe ngezikali ezinsundu noma ezimnyama ezine-fibrous oblong. I-pulp iminyene, imhlophe, iqinile, ngezinye izikhathi iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ibebomvu uma isikiwe.
Uzofunda ukukhulisa i-boletus ne-boletus ezweni ngokufunda izinto ezikuleli khasi.
Ukutshalwa okufanele kwe-boletus engadini
Ukuze ukhule i-boletus, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-mycelium yokusanhlamvu. Esizeni, kufanele ukhethe indawo enomthunzi, emanzi, evikelwe emoyeni, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi i-aspens noma ezinye izihlahla zehlathi zikhule eduze. Umhlabathi kumele ube nesihlabathi. Endaweni ekhethiwe, bamba umgodi onobukhulu obungu-2 X 2 m nokujula okungama-30 cm. Khona-ke phansi kwayo kuhlanganiswe namaqabunga anogqinsi oluyi-10 cm. Kungcono ukuthatha amaqabunga e-aspen noma sawdust. Khona-ke ungqimba lwesibili lwenziwa ezweni lehlathi elithathwe ngaphansi kwe-aspens. Kufanele futhi ibe ngu-10 cm ubukhulu. Khona-ke ungqimba lwe-mycelium lokusanhlamvu luthululelwa futhi yonke into imbozwe inhlabathi engadini.
I-Mycelium ingahlwanyelwa ngezindlela ezimbili - lungisa i-mycelium yokusanhlamvu bese uyibeka emibhedeni elungiselelwe, noma wenze ukumiswa.
Ukwenza ukumiswa, amakhowe amakhulu avuthiwe kufanele aqoqwe ehlathini futhi ungqimba lwe-tubular kufanele luhlukaniswe nabo. Bese uyidlulisa nge-grinder yenyama bese uyibeka esitsheni esinamanzi emvula: ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi - 2 kg we-mushroom mass. Engeza u-15 g wemvubelo yombhaki, uhlanganise futhi ubeke amaviki angu-2 ekamelweni lokushisa. Lapho igwebu elinemfucumfucu encane nezinhlayiya ze-pulp livela phezulu, ukumiswa sekulungile. Kumelwe ithululelwe embhedeni olungiselelwe, ngaphansi kongqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi yengadi. Bese unisela umbhede ngamanzi emvula bese umboza nge-burlap.
Ukutshalwa okufanele kwe-boletus esakhiweni somuntu siqu ehlobo elomile kuhilela ukuthambisa okuphoqelekile kwemibhede. Kumele iniselwe ebhodweni lokuchelela noma nge-sprayer. Amakhowe okuqala avela ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokutshala i-mycelium. Amakhowe e-Aspen kufanele aqoqwe ngokucophelela, anqunywe, futhi angawasonti, ukuze angalimazi i-mycelium.
E-Japan, uhlobo olufana noju lwe-agaric yasebusika luyatshalwa - i-spindle-legged colibia, ikhowe elidliwayo elinemibandela. Izigqoko kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukudla, njengoba imilenze ilukhuni kakhulu. Ingenye yamakhowe athandwa kakhulu e-Japanese cuisine.
Okulandelayo, uzofunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani amakhowe we-boletus ngokwakho.
Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-boletus ezweni?
I-Boletus ingenye yamakhowe avame kakhulu ama-tubular. Ikhula eduze kwama-birches futhi yakha i-symbiosis nezimpande zawo. Ingatholakala emahlathini aseYurophu, eSiberia, e-Urals, eMpumalanga Ekude, ngisho nase-Arctic. Ikhula emahlathini axubile, e-tundra nasemaxhaphozini, emaphethelweni nama-hillocks, ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Izithelo ehlobo, kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSeptemba.
I-cap ye-mushroom ikhula ibe ngu-15 cm ububanzi. Ekuqaleni i-convex, bese iba isicaba. Kwenzeka okumpunga, okumpunga-nsundu, okumhlophe, okunsundu, okumnyama. Amashubhu aba mhlophe ekuqaleni, bese eba nsundu ngokumpunga. Umlenze ukhula ufinyelele ku-20 cm ubude futhi ufike ku-3 cm ububanzi, ujiyile kancane ngezansi noma u-cylindrical, umhlophe futhi umbozwe ngezikali ezimpunga, ezinsundu noma ezimnyama. Inyama imhlophe, iminyene, ingase iphenduke ibe pink ekusikeni. I-Boletus isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezikhala.
Ukukhula kwe-boletus kungenzeka kuphela endaweni evulekile ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Zonke izimo eziseduze nemvelo kufanele zidalwe ukuze kukhule i-mycelium. Kungani ukhetha indawo ekhanyayo enomoya, kodwa evikelekile elangeni eliqondile. Kungcono ukuba ne-mycelium eduze kwama-birches. Kodwa ungakhetha futhi isiza engadini yezithelo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-boletus engadini, udinga ukumba umgodi 30 cm ukujula, 2 X 2 m ngosayizi. Ungqimba lwe-birch sawdust noma amaqabunga angama-10 cm ubukhulu lubekwe phansi emgodini. Ungasebenzisa futhi ingxube ye-birch bark kanye ne-sawdust. Isendlalelo sesibili senziwe nge-humus ethathwe ku-mycelium ye-boletus ehlathini. I-mycelium ye-grain ye-fungus ithululelwa kuyo futhi imbozwe ngongqimba lwamaqabunga noma sawdust. Kufanele ibe nokwakheka okufanayo neyokuqala, ugqinsi luka-3 cm. Isendlalelo sokugcina senziwe ngenhlabathi engadini engu-5 cm ubukhulu. Ziniselwe ngamanzi emvula afudumele.
Esikhundleni se-mycelium yokusanhlamvu, ungahlwanyela umbhede ngezinhlamvu ezivela kuma-caps amakhowe amadala. Kungani izigqoko zithelwa ngamanzi emvula futhi zifakwe esitsheni sokhuni. Ngemva kosuku, amanzi ayahlungwa futhi aniselwe ngombhede olungiselelwe.
Uma ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa nge-grain mycelium, khona-ke amakhowe okuqala avela ezinyangeni ezingu-2,5-3 futhi ungakwazi ukuvuna njalo emavikini angu-2-3 kuze kufike ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngendlela yesibili, amakhowe avela kuphela ngonyaka ozayo.
Amakhowe akhulayo aqukethe kuphela ukuchelela imibhede. Kufanele ihlale imanzi. Kodwa akufanele weqise. Kusukela kumswakama owedlulele, i-mycelium iyanyamalala. Amakhowe kufanele asikwe ngokucophelela ngommese ngaphandle kokulimaza i-mycelium. Ngemva kokuvuna isivuno esilandelayo, umbhede kufanele uniselwe kahle ngemvula noma amanzi omthombo.