Okuqukethwe
Naphezu kwemvelaphi yawo enhle, amakhowe akulungele ukubekezelela izimo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo. Ngakho-ke, ukutshalwa kwamakhowe e-porcini ezweni kutholakala kunoma yimuphi umlimi onolwazi lokuhlakulela i-mycelium yezinye izipho zehlathi. Uma ungenalo ikhono elinjalo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala amakhowe e-porcini esakhiweni somuntu siqu, udinga ukufunda ngokucophelela ubuchwepheshe bokulima, futhi kangcono nakakhulu, qala ngokuzijwayeza ukuzalanisa ama-champignon.
Amakhowe amhlophe, noma i-boletus, ibhekisela kumakhowe ashubhu. Imila ezindaweni ezinesanti, kodwa ingakhula nasemhlabathini ovundile. Ivame kakhulu ngaphansi kwama-birches, kancane kancane ngaphansi kwe-oki, ikhetha izihlahla ezivuthiwe ezindala kuneminyaka engama-20. Ihlala ezindaweni ezipholile nezingaphansi kwe-subarctic kulo lonke elase-Eurasia. Izithelo kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.
Funda le nto futhi ubuke ividiyo yokuthi ungatshala kanjani amakhowe e-porcini ezweni endaweni evulekile. Ngemva kwalokho, ungaqala ukutshala.
Abukeka kanjani amakhowe amhlophe?
I-cap ye-mushroom ye-porcini ingapendwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene: ophuzi, onsundu, onsundu, obomvu, onsomi, ompunga-omnyama. Umbala uncike endaweni yokukhula kwesikhunta. Futhi, isigqoko singase singalingani ngombala: ngokuvamile emaphethelweni silula kakhulu kunaphakathi nendawo. Isigqoko siyi-tubular, simise okwe-cushion, sikhula sifike ku-20 cm ububanzi.
Amashubhu aba mhlophe ekuqaleni, abese eba umnqumo ophuzi noma ophuzi. Umlenze uminyene, ugqinsile ngezansi, unephethini yemeshi. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona kuphela engxenyeni engenhla yomlenze. Ngokuvamile umbala wayo uhambisana nombala wesigqoko, ukukhanya okuncane kuphela. I-pulp yomzimba othelayo imhlophe, iminyene, ayinaphunga futhi inokunambitheka kwamantongomane. Esikhundleni sokusika, umbala awushintshi.
Bona ukuthi amakhowe e-porcini abukeka kanjani kulezi zithombe:
Amakhowe amhlophe awaziswanga nje ngokunambitheka kwawo. Iyakwazi futhi ukugqugquzela ukukhishwa kwamajusi okugaya ukudla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-boletus ngokokuqukethwe kwezakhi ihluke ngokuphawulekayo kwamanye amakhowe. Naphezu kwazo zonke izimfanelo zayo ezinhle, iphansi ngokuphawulekayo ku-boletus mayelana nokuba khona kwamaprotheni, kanye ne-chanterelle ne-morel mayelana nokuqukethwe kwezakhi zokulandelela ezifana ne-phosphorus ne-potassium. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ukugayeka kokudla kwamaprotheni emva kokomisa ukhunta omhlophe kukhuphuka ngo-80%. Amakhowe omisiwe anokunambitheka kwawo okukhethekile, ngakho-ke impushana yawo ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesinongo ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene.
Isikhunta esimhlophe sinezinye izimfanelo eziwusizo: i-tonic, anti-infective, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, i-antitumor. Ngenxa ye-lecithin equkethwe ku-mushroom, ilusizo ku-anemia ne-atherosclerosis, izifo zesibindi nezinso, kanye ne-pathologies yamehlo. Inomphumela omuhle kumasosha omzimba, isiza ukudiliza i-glycogens namafutha, isuse i-cholesterol eyeqile emzimbeni.
Lawa makhowe, akhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezahlukene, anemibala ehlukene yamakepisi. Amakhowe amnyama kakhulu amila ngaphansi kwesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu, futhi lawo akhula ngaphansi kukaphayini anesigqoko esihle esibomvu ngokubomvu.
Okulandelayo kuchaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokutshala amakhowe e-porcini endlini yabo encane yasehlobo.
Ungatshala kanjani amakhowe e-porcini: ukulungisa umhlabathi ovulekile
I-Borovik ibilokhu ibhekwa njengenkosi yawo wonke amakhowe. Ngaphambi kokutshala amakhowe e-porcini ezweni, khumbula ukuthi ayingxenye yeqembu le-mycorrhizal, okungukuthi, i-vegetative ku-symbiosis enezimpande zesihlahla. Ngakho-ke, izimo zokukhula kwamakhowe e-porcini kufanele zifane nezimo ahlala ngaphansi kwazo endle.
Amakhowe akhula kuphela ngaphansi kwama-birches, ama-aspens, ama-spruces, ama-beeches, ama-oki. Bathanda ama-glade anomswakama futhi alula, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga evulekile. I-Boletus ngeke ikhule ezindaweni ezimnyama. Futhi, i-porcini fungus ayikubekezeleli umakhelwane ngamakhambi athile, njenge-fern nenselo. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala le mushroom, zonke lezi zici kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Uma unezihlahla ezifanele endaweni yakho engadini, ungaqala kalula ukukhula i-porcini fungus esikalini sezimboni. Ezimweni zokwenziwa, ngaphandle kwezihlahla, akekho osekwazile ukutshala leli khowa.
Ukuze ukhule ama-porcini amakhowe endaweni evulekile, udinga ukunakekela ukulungiswa kwemibhede. Ukwenza lokhu, umgodi 2 m ububanzi futhi 30 cm ukujula kumbiwa endaweni ekhethiwe. Igcwele ingxube ekhethekile, elungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Amaqabunga e-oki awile avunwa entwasahlobo futhi ahlanganiswe nezinkuni ze-oki ezibolile kanye nobulongwe behhashi obuhlanzekile. Kokubili ukhuni lwe-oki nomquba wehhashi kufanele kwengezwe emaqabunga ngesilinganiso esingu-5% wevolumu yawo. Okokuqala, amaqabunga abekwe ungqimba olungaba ngu-20 cm, umquba omncane wehhashi nezinkuni ezibolile zithululelwa futhi ziniselwe ngesisombululo se-1% se-ammonium nitrate. Bese wendlala isendlalelo esisha ncamashi. Ngakho, kwenziwa izingqimba eziningana. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10, ingxube kufanele ifudumale ibe ngu-40 ° C. Kuleli qophelo, kufanele ixutshwe ukuze ibe yinqwaba ye-homogeneous. Ngemva kwenyanga, ingxube isilungile futhi ibekwe emgodini ngendlela yezingqimba eziwu-10-12 cm. Ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obufanele bokukhulisa amakhowe e-porcini, ungqimba ngalunye lwengxube luthululelwa inhlabathi engadini engu-6-8 cm ubukhulu. Ubukhulu bonke bombhede bungaba ngu-50 cm. Maphakathi lenziwe libe phezulu ukuze amanzi agingqike kulo.
Okulandelayo kuchaza indlela yokukhulisa i-mycelium yamakhowe e-porcini ezweni.
Ukuhlwanyela i-mycelium nokunakekela amakhowe e-porcini
Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhulisa i-porcini mycelium. Ngendlela yokuqala, amakhowe avuthiwe aqoqwe futhi athululwe ngamanzi emvula endishini yokhuni. Le ngxube ishiywe usuku. Bese uxuba kahle bese uhlunga ngesicubu esingandile. Ngenxa yale nqubo, ama-porcini spores amaningi ahlala emanzini. Bashona phansi. Ukuze zihlume, ungakwazi ukwengeza imvubelo encane yombhaki emanzini. Bese ususa ngobumnene i-foam nge-spoon bese ukhipha ingxenye engenhla yoketshezi olucacile, bese ubeka isixazululo esisele ngezinhlamvu ekukhanyeni. Ungakhipha uketshezi olusele ezitsheni ezahlukene wenze esisodwa. Ngemuva kwesonto, ingxenye engaphezulu ye-liquid ecacile ikhishwe ngokucophelela, futhi ukumiswa okuhleliwe kuthululelwa emabhodleleni futhi kugcinwe esiqandisini. Lokhu kumiswa kungasetshenziswa unyaka wonke, kodwa kungcono ukuyisebenzisa phakathi nenyanga yokuqala, ngoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho izinhlamvu zihlala khona. Le ngxube ithululelwa phezu kombhede olungiselelwe, futhi ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi lususwa kuqala. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthela ingxube ezungeze izihlahla ezikhethiwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-mycelium ye-porcini amakhowe, udinga kuqala ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande zezihlahla, ususe ungqimba lomhlabathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuvezwe izimpande zezihlahla. Bese uwathele ngokumiswa bese umboza nomhlaba futhi. Thela ukumiswa ngesilinganiso esingu-400 g ku-30 cm ngayinye. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi kufanele ithululwe kakhulu ngamabhakede angu-4-5 amanzi.
Le vidiyo ikhuluma ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokukhula kwe-mycelium yamakhowe e-porcini ngendlela yokuqala:
Ngendlela yesibili, i-mycelium ivunwa ezindaweni lapho amakhowe amhlophe akhula khona. Kungani izingqimba zomhlabathi zisikwa nxazonke zekhowe ezinobukhulu obungama-20 X 30 cm nogqinsi luka-10-15 cm. Bese zisikwa zibe izingxenye eziningana futhi zitshalwe embhedeni noma endaweni ekhethiwe ukuze kube nongqimba lomhlaba ongu-5-7 cm obukhulu ngaphezu kwawo. manzisa kancane bese uvala ngamahlamvu nezihlangu ukuze ahlale emanzi.
I-Ceps kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezifanayo lapho kuthathwe khona izinto zokutshala. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi amakhowe akhula kangcono ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezineminyaka engu-15-25 ubudala.
Ungahlwanyela i-mycelium ngenye indlela. Kungani ama-caps avuthwe ngokweqile amakhowe we-porcini esikwa abe yizicucu ezincane futhi ahlanganiswe nenani elincane lenhlabathi. Bese umanzisa kancane. Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlwanyela amakepisi amakhowe omisiwe kancane. Alaliswe embhedeni aphuziswe. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-6 ziyasuswa - izinhlamvu, kanye namanzi, sezivele zingenile emhlabathini. Ungabeka izingcezu zekepisi ngaphansi kongqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela i-mycelium ngoSepthemba.
Le vidiyo ibonisa indlela yokukhulisa amakhowe we-porcini ngendlela yesibili:
Lapho uhamba, i-mycelium akufanele ithululwe kakhulu ngamanzi, ingase ife; kodwa ekwindla eyomile kufanele ifakwe ithini lokuchelela noma isifutho. Ukukhula nokunakekela i-mycelium kuqukethe ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile ehlobo elomile. Nisela kakhulu ekuseni. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali. Amakhowe ayedwa avela ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokutshala, futhi isivuno esihle sithathwa eminyakeni emi-2 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa ungathola ibhakede lesivuno. Lapho ukha amakhowe, kufanele asikwe ngokucophelela, ashiye izinsalela zesiqu ukuze angalimazi i-mycelium.