Ku-jargon yezokwelapha, ukuvuvukala kusho ukuvuvukala kwezicubu, isitho noma ingxenye yomzimba. Lokhu kungaxhunyaniswa nokuvuvukala, i-edema, i-hematoma yangemva kokuhlukumezeka, ithumba noma isimila. Kuyisizathu esivamile sokubonisana nodokotela. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo yokuvuvukala. Ukuvuvukala kuyisibonakaliso somtholampilo, hhayi uphawu. Ukuxilongwa kuzokhishwa ngokuya ngomongo futhi kuzosekelwa izivivinyo ezengeziwe (ama-x-ray, ama-ultrasound, i-MRI, isithwebuli). Ukwelashwa kuzoncika futhi ohlotsheni lokuvuvukala, futhi ikakhulukazi imbangela yakho.

Uma igama elithi "ukuvuvukala kwamathambo" lisetshenziswa kancane, uma kukhulunywa ngokuqinile, kwezokwelapha, ezinye izicubu ezikhubaza ingaphezulu lethambo zingase zihambisane nokuvuvukala okubonakalayo kokushaya ngamandla. Isimila samathambo ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ze-pathological ngaphakathi kwethambo. Izicubu eziningi zamathambo empeleni zinobungozi (azinawo umdlavuza) uma kuqhathaniswa nezicubu eziyingozi (ezinomdlavuza). Umehluko wesibili omkhulu ukwehlukanisa izimila “eziyinhloko”, ezivame ukuba nobungozi, kusuka kwesibili (i-metastatic) njalo kubi.

Isigaxa samathambo esibi (esingewona umdlavuza) siyisigaxa esingasabalali siye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (hhayi imetastasize). Isimila esibi kaningi asisongeli impilo. Iningi lamathumba angenawo umdlavuza asuswa ngokuhlinzwa noma nge-curettage, futhi imvamisa awabuyi (recur).

Izicubu eziyinhloko ziqala ethanjeni futhi zingaba nobungozi noma, okungenani kaningi, zibe yingozi. Akunasizathu noma isici esichazayo ukuthi kungani zivela noma kanjani. Lapho zikhona, izimpawu zivame ukuba buhlungu bendawo ethanjeni elisekelayo, elijulile futhi elihlala njalo, ngokungafani ne-osteoarthritis, elingapheli lapho liphumule. Okukhetheke kakhulu, isimila esenza buthakathaka izicubu zethambo sivezwe ngokwaphuka “okumangazayo” ngoba kwenzeka ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka okuncane.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesimila esinobuthi esihlobene nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli asenzayo: i-non-ossifying fibroma, i-osteoid osteoma, i-giant cell tumor, i-osteochondroma, i-chondroma. Zithinta ikakhulukazi intsha kanye nabantu abadala, kepha nezingane. Ubumnene babo bubonakala ngokunensa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokungabikho kokusakazeka okude. Izindawo zabo ezivame kakhulu ziseduze kwamadolo, i-pelvis, nendawo yehlombe.

Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ngaphandle kwezicubu ezimbalwa (i-non-ossifying fibroma), kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kususwe isimila ukususa ukungaphatheki kahle noma ubuhlungu, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuqhekeka noma, kuyaqabukela, ukusivimbela ukuthi siguquke. ku-tumor ebulalayo. Lo msebenzi uqukethe ukwenza okusikiwe (ablation) kwengxenye ethintekile yethambo, ekunxephezeleni indawo esusiwe futhi mhlawumbe nokuqinisa ithambo ngezinto zokuhlinza zensimbi noma i-osteosynthesis. Umthamo we-tumor osusiwe ungagcwaliswa ngethambo lesiguli (i-autograft) noma ithambo kusuka kwesinye isiguli (i-allograft).

Ezinye izicubu ezinobungozi azinazo izimpawu noma ubuhlungu. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ngenhloso ngemisebe ye-radiology. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba buhlungu ethanjeni elithintekile okudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngemisebe (i-X-ray, i-CT scan, ngisho ne-MRI). Ezimweni eziningi, i-imaging yezokwelapha yenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhomba ngokunembile nangokucacile uhlobo lwesimila, ngenxa yokubukeka kwaso okukhethekile kwe-radiographic. Kwezinye izimo lapho ukuxilongwa okucacile kungenakwenziwa, yi-bone biopsy kuphela ezoqinisekisa ukuxilongwa futhi ikhiphe noma ikuphi ukusola kwesimila esibi. Isampula lamathambo lizohlolwa ngudokotela wezifo.

Qaphela isimo esithile se-osteoid osteoma, isimila esincane esingamamilimitha ambalwa ububanzi, esivame ukuba buhlungu, lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa udokotela ohlinzayo kepha kwenziwa ngudokotela oyi-radiologist. Isimila sibhujiswa ngomshini ngama-electrode amabili angeniswe kuso, ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesithwebuli.

Izicubu zamathambo eziyingozi kakhulu azivamile futhi zithinta ikakhulukazi intsha kanye nabantu abadala. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesimila samathambo esibi kuleli qembu lobudala (ama-90% wamathambo amabi) yilawa:

• i-osteosarcoma, umdlavuza ovame ukwedlula wonke womdlavuza wamathambo, amacala amasha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-150 ngonyaka, ikakhulu abesilisa;
• I-sarcoma ka-Ewing, isimila esingavamile esithinta abantu abathathu kwabayisigidi ngonyaka eFrance.

Ubuhlungu buhlala buyisibonakaliso esikhulu sezingcingo. Ukuphindaphinda nokuphikelela kwalezi zinhlungu, ezivimbela ukulala noma okungajwayelekile, bese kuvela ukuvuvukala okuholela ekuhlolweni kokucela (i-X-ray, isithwebuli, iMRI) okuzokwenza umuntu asole ukuxilongwa. Lezi zicubu azivamile futhi kufanele ziphathwe ezikhungweni zochwepheshe.

Ukuhlinzwa kuyitshe legumbi lokwelashwa kwama-sarcomas ekwelapheni, lapho kungenzeka futhi lesi sifo asiwona umqubuko. Ingahlanganiswa ne-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ukhetho lwezokwelapha lwenziwa ngendlela ehlangene phakathi kochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene (ukuhlinzwa, i-radiotherapy, i-oncology, i-imaging, i-anatomopathology) futhi njalo kucatshangelwa ukuhlukile kwesiguli ngasinye.

Izicubu eziyinhloko ezingadala imethastase yamathambo (izicubu zesibili) amabele, izinso, i-prostate, umdlavuza we-thyroid namaphaphu. Ukwelashwa kwala ma-metastases kuhlose ukuthuthukisa impilo yesiguli, ngokususa izinhlungu nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuphuka. Kunqunywa futhi kubhekwe yithimba lezinhlobonhlobo (oncologist, udokotela ohlinzayo, i-radiotherapist, njll.).