“Ngingumuntu ongadli imifino, kodwa ngiyayidla inhlanzi.” Uke wawuzwa lo musho? Bengihlale ngifuna ukubuza abasho njalo ukuthi bathini ngenhlanzi? Bakubheka njengento efana nemifino efana nesanqante noma ukholifulawa!
Izinhlanzi ezimpofu bezilokhu ziphathwa kabi kakhulu, futhi ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi othile waba nombono okhaliphile wokuthi izinhlanzi azizwa ubuhlungu. Cabanga ngakho. Izinhlanzi zinesibindi nesisu, igazi, amehlo nezindlebe - empeleni, iningi lezitho zangaphakathi, njengathi - kodwa izinhlanzi azizwa ubuhlungu? Khona-ke kungani edinga isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi esidlulisa imizwa iye noma isuke ebuchosheni, kuhlanganise nomuzwa wobuhlungu. Yiqiniso, inhlanzi izwa ubuhlungu, okuyingxenye yendlela yokuphila. Naphezu kwekhono lezinhlanzi lokuzwa ubuhlungu, akukho mingcele noma imithetho yokuthi zibulawa kanjani. Ungenza noma yini oyifunayo naye. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlanzi zibulawa ngokusikwa isisu ngommese futhi zikhiphe izibilini, noma ziphonswe emabhokisini lapho ziminca khona. Ukuze ngifunde okwengeziwe ngezinhlanzi, ngake ngathatha uhambo lokudoba ngamanethi futhi ngashaqeka ngalokho engakubona. Ngafunda izinto eziningi ezimbi, kodwa okubi kakhulu yilokho okwenzeka ku-flounder, inhlanzi enkulu, eyisicaba enamawolintshi. Waphonswa ebhokisini nezinye izinhlanzi futhi ngemva kwehora ngezwa ngokoqobo zifa. Ngakutshela lokhu kwelinye lamatilosi, okwathi ngaphandle kokungabaza, laqala ukumshaya ngenduku. Ngacabanga ukuthi kwakungcono kunokufa ngenxa yokufuthelana futhi ngacabanga ukuthi inhlanzi ifile. Ngemva kwamahora ayisithupha, ngabona ukuthi imilomo namagill abisavuleka futhi avaleka ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuhlukunyezwa kwathatha amahora ayishumi. Kwasungulwa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubamba izinhlanzi. Emkhunjini engangikuwo, kwakunomthwalo omkhulu osindayo inetha lokudonsa. Izisindo ezisindayo zazibambe inetha phansi olwandle, lihlokoma futhi ligaya njengoba lihamba esihlabathini futhi libulala amakhulu ezinto eziphilayo. Lapho inhlanzi ebanjiwe ikhishwa emanzini, izibilini zayo nezimbotshana zamehlo zingaqhuma ngenxa yokuhluka kwengcindezi. Ngokuvamile izinhlanzi “ziyacwila” ngenxa yokuthi ziningi kakhulu enetheni kangangokuthi amagwebu awakwazi ukufinyela. Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, ezinye izilwane eziningi zingena enetheni - okuhlanganisa i-starfish, izinkalankala nezimbaza, zijikijelwa emuva olwandle ukuze zife. Kunemithetho ethile yokudoba - ikakhulukazi ihlobene nobukhulu bamanethi nokuthi ubani futhi kuphi abangadoba. Le mithetho yethulwa ngamazwe ngamanye emanzini asogwini. Kukhona nemithetho yokuthi zingaki nokuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlanzi ongazibamba. Babizwa isabelo sezinhlanzi. Kungase kubonakale sengathi le mithetho ilawula inani lezinhlanzi ezibanjwe, kodwa empeleni akukho lutho olunjalo. Lona umzamo ongahluziwe wokuthola ukuthi zingaki izinhlanzi ezisele. EYurophu, izilinganiso zezinhlanzi zisebenza kanje: thatha i-cod ne-haddock, isibonelo, ngoba ngokuvamile zihlala ndawonye. Lapho inetha liphonswa, uma i-cod ibanjiwe, ne-haddock nayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukaputeni ufihla i- haddock ebanjwe ngokungemthetho ezindaweni ezicashile emkhunjini. Ngokunokwenzeka, le nhlanzi izobe iphonswa emuva olwandle, kodwa kunenkinga eyodwa, le nhlanzi izobe isifile kakade! Cishe, izinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-XNUMX kunesilinganiso esimisiwe ziyafa ngale ndlela. Ngeshwa, akuyona nje i-haddock ehlushwa yile mithetho yokuhlanya, kodwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezibanjwe ohlelweni lwesabelo. Ezilwandlekazi ezinkulu zomhlaba ezivulekile noma ezindaweni ezisogwini zamazwe ampofu, izindawo zokudoba azilawulwa kahle. Eqinisweni, kunemithetho embalwa kangangokuthi uhlobo olunjalo lokudoba luvele njenge UKUDONWA KWE-BIOMASS. Ngale ndlela yokudoba, kusetshenziswa inetha eliminyene kakhulu elincanyana, elibamba zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, akukho ngisho neyodwa inhlanzi encane noma inkalankala engaphuma kuleli netha. Ama-Anglers e-South Seas anendlela entsha nenyanyisa kakhulu yokubamba oshaka. Kuhambisana nokuthi oshaka ababanjiwe banqunywa amaphiko besaphila. Izinhlanzi zibe seziphindiselwa olwandle ukuze zife ngenxa yokwethuka. Lokhu kwenzeka koshaka abayizigidi eziyi-100 minyaka yonke, konke okwesobho le-shark fin elitholakala ezindaweni zokudlela zamaShayina emhlabeni jikelele. Enye indlela evamile, ehilela ukusetshenziswa isikhwama se-seine. Le seine imboza imihlambi emikhulu yezinhlanzi futhi akukho neyodwa engabaleka. Inetha aliminyene kakhulu ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezincane zingaphuma kulo, kodwa abantu abadala abaningi bahlala enetheni futhi labo abakwaziyo ukuphunyuka abakwazi ukuzalanisa ngokushesha ukuze bathole ukulahlekelwa. Kuyadabukisa, kodwa yilolu hlobo lokudoba lapho amahlengethwa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zivame ukungena emanethini. Ezinye izinhlobo zokudoba, kuhlanganise nendlela lapho amakhulu izingwegwe ezilotshiwe enamathiselwe entanjeni yokudoba enwebeka amakhilomitha amaningana. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ogwini lolwandle olunamadwala olunganqamula inetha. Iziqhumane nezinto ezinobuthi, njengoketshezi olumhlophe, ziyingxenye yobuchwepheshe bokudoba obubulala izilwane eziningi kunezinhlanzi. Mhlawumbe indlela eyingozi kakhulu yokudoba ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-drift. Inethi yenziwe inayiloni ezacile kodwa eqinile futhi icishe ingabonakali emanzini. Ubizwa ngokuthi "udonga lokufa“ngoba izilwane eziningi zihileleka kuwo futhi zife – amahlengethwa, imikhomo emincane, izimvu zamanzi ezinoboya, izinyoni, imisebe noshaka. Bonke balahlwa kude ngoba abadobi babamba ishuna kuphela. Amahlengethwa angaba yisigidi afa unyaka ngamunye emanetheni akhukhulekayo ngenxa yokuthi awakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu ukuze aphefumule. Amanetha e-Drift manje asetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke futhi, muva nje, asevele e-UK naseYurophu, lapho ubude benetha kufanele bungabi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-2.5. Ezindaweni ezivulekile zoLwandlekazi iPacific ne-Atlantic, lapho kunokulawula okuncane kakhulu, ubude bamanethiwekhi bungafinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi lamanetha ayaphuka lapho kunesiphepho antante, abulale futhi akhubaze izilwane. Ekugcineni, inetha, elichichima izidumbu, lishona phansi. Ngemva kwesikhashana, imizimba iyabola futhi inetha likhuphukela phezulu futhi ukuze liqhubeke nokubhujiswa nokubhujiswa okungenangqondo. Minyaka yonke, imikhumbi yezokudoba ngenjongo yokuthengisa ibamba izinhlanzi ezingaba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-100, abantu abaningi ababanjwayo abanaso isikhathi sokufinyelela eminyakeni yokuvuthwa ngokobulili, ngakho izinsiza ezisolwandle azinaso isikhathi sokuzalisa. Minyaka yonke isimo siba sibi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho othile onjengeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yokudla kanye Nenhlangano Yezolimo ekhunjuzwa ngomonakalo owenziwayo futhi, lezi zixwayiso azinakwa nje. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ulwandle luyafa, kodwa akekho ofuna ukwenza noma yini ukumisa ukudoba, imali eningi ingalahleka. Kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, izilwandle ziye zahlukaniswa zaba Izindawo zokudoba eziyi-17. Ngokwe-Agricultural Organization, ezingu-XNUMX zazo manje “zisesimweni sokuncipha okuyinhlekelele kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.” Ezinye izindawo eziyisishiyagalombili zisesimweni esifanayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile. I-International Council for the Study of the Seas (ICES) - uchwepheshe ohamba phambili emhlabeni emkhakheni wezilwandle nezilwandle - naye ukhathazeke kakhulu ngesimo samanje. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-mackerel ezazihlala eNorth Sea manje seziphelile, ngokusho kwe-ICES. I-ICES iphinde ixwayise ngokuthi eminyakeni emihlanu, enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezilwandle zaseYurophu, i-cod, izonyamalala ngokuphelele. Akukho okubi ngakho konke lokhu uma uthanda i-jellyfish, ngoba yizo kuphela ezizosinda. Kodwa okubi nakakhulu ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi izilwane ezibanjwa olwandle azigcini etafuleni. Acutshungulwa abe ngumanyolo noma enziwe abe polishi yezicathulo noma amakhandlela. Asetshenziswa futhi njengokudla kwezilwane zasemapulazini. Ungakukholwa? Sibamba izinhlanzi eziningi, sizicubungule, senze ama-pellets futhi siphakele ezinye izinhlanzi! Ukuze sikhulise iphawundi lezinhlanzi epulazini, sidinga amakhilogremu angu-4 wezinhlanzi zasendle. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukufuya izinhlanzi kuyikhambi lenkinga yokuqothulwa kolwandle, kodwa kuyingozi ngendlela efanayo. Izigidi zezinhlanzi ziboshelwe emanzini asogwini, futhi umango okhula ngasogwini ugawulwa ngobuningi bawo ukuze kuvuleke ipulazi. Ezindaweni ezinjengasePhilippines, eKenya, eNdiya naseThailand, amahlathi omango angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 asevele anyamalala futhi ayagawulwa. Amahlathi kamango ahlala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, izitshalo nezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-2000 ezihlukene zihlala kuwo. Kulapho futhi amaphesenti angu-80 azo zonke izinhlanzi zasolwandle emhlabeni ezalela khona. Amapulazi ezinhlanzi avela endaweni okutshalwa kuyo umango angcolisa amanzi, amboze ulwandle ngemfucumfucu yokudla nendle, ecekela phansi yonke into ephilayo. Izinhlanzi zigcinwa emakhejini aminyene futhi zingenwa kalula yizifo futhi zinikezwa ama-antibiotics kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ukuze zibulale izilwanyane ezifana nezintwala zasolwandle. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, indawo ezungezile ingcoliswe kangangokuthi amapulazi ezinhlanzi ayiswa kwenye indawo, amasimu kamango aphinde agawulwe. E-Norway nase-UK, ikakhulukazi kuma-fjords namachibi aseScotland, amapulazi ezinhlanzi akhula i-salmon yase-Atlantic. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-salmon ibhukuda ngokukhululeka isuka emifuleni emincane yasezintabeni iye ekujuleni kwe-Atlantic yaseGreenland. Le nhlanzi inamandla kangangokuthi ingagxuma ezimpophomeni noma ibhukude imelane nomsinga ogijimayo. Abantu bazama ukuqeda le mizwelo futhi bagcine lezi zinhlanzi ziziningi emakhejini ensimbi. Iqiniso lokuthi ulwandle nolwandle kuyancipha, abantu kuphela abanecala. Cabanga nje ukuthi kwenzekani ngezinyoni, izimvu zamanzi, amahlengethwa nezinye izilwane ezidla izinhlanzi. Kakade sebelwela ukuphila, futhi ikusasa labo libonakala lifiphele. Ngakho mhlawumbe kufanele sibashiyele izinhlanzi?