“ISweden isiphelelwe udoti!”
“Abantu baseScandinavia sebekulungele ukungenisa imfucuza yomakhelwane!”
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ama-tabloids emhlabeni wonke aqhuma ngezihloko zezindaba ezifanayo. AbaseSweden bashaqise iplanethi. Kulokhu, hhayi ngokunqoba ku-Eurovision noma ku-Ice Hockey World Championship, kodwa ngesimo sengqondo esihle maqondana nemvelo yomuntu. Kwavela ukuthi bahlanganisa okungenakwenzeka: bahlanza imvelo futhi benza imali kuyo! Kepha yile ndlela okufanele kube ngayo ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ake sibhekisise.
Imfihlo ilele ekucutshungulweni kwemfucuza kwezibalo zazo zonke izinhlobo, eziqoqwe ngokucophelela futhi zihlukaniswe. Okubalulekile kwezwe yimfundo ephelele kanye nokukhuliswa kwabantu. Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka, abantu baseScandinavia baye baqaphela ubuthakathaka bemvelo kanye nomthelela olimazayo womuntu. Ngenxa yalokho namuhla:
Umndeni ngamunye unamabhakede angu-6-7, ngalinye eliklanyelwe ngokuqinile uhlobo oluthile lwemfucuza (insimbi, iphepha, ipulasitiki, ingilazi, futhi kukhona umgqomo kadoti ongakwazi ukugaywa kabusha);
· cishe awekho amadoti asele, futhi lawo agciniwe athatha indawo encane;
Imfucuza isiphenduke uphethiloli.
Ngesinye isikhathi, iminyaka eminingi yokunyakaza okuqhubekayo yanikeza umphumela obonakalayo: noma yimuphi umntwana wesikole eSweden uyazi ukuthi ebhodleleni lakhe lamanzi amaminerali angenalutho bazokwenza ibhodlela elisha izikhathi ezingu-7 ohlelweni lokuphinda lisetshenziswe. Futhi-ke ipulasitiki yemfucuza iya esiteshini samandla futhi iguqulwa ibe ngama-kilowatt-amahora. I-Stockholm namuhla inikezwe ugesi wama-45% emfucumfucu egaywe kabusha.
Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqoqa udoti ngokwehlukana kunokuwuhlakaza eduze kwakho. UCABANGANI?
Enkulisa, izingane zifundiswa ngendlela yokudlala ukulahla udoti ngendlela efanele. Khona-ke lo “mdlalo” uchazwa ngokombono wesayensi. Umphumela uba imigwaqo ehlanzekile, imvelo enhle kanye nemvelo enhle kakhulu.
Inethiwekhi ebanzi yeziteshi zokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza idaliwe eSweden. Akhethekile futhi atholakala kubo bonke abahlali. Ukulethwa kwemfucuza kwenziwa ngezokuthutha ezihlomele impahla ethile. Ngo-1961, kwasungulwa iphrojekthi eyingqayizivele eSweden - ipayipi lomoya elingaphansi komhlaba lokuthutha udoti. Kanye ngosuku, udoti olahliwe, ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya onamandla wamanje, uhamba ngohlelo lwemigudu ukuya esiteshini sokugaywa kabusha. Lapha iyahlungwa, icindezelwe futhi ilahlwe noma igaywe kabusha.
Udoti omkhulu (i-TV, izinto zokwakha, ifenisha) ziyiswa esiteshini, lapho zihlungwa khona, zihlungwe ngokucophelela zibe izingxenye. Abakhiqizi bathenga lezi zingxenye futhi bakhiqize ama-TV amasha, izinto zokwakha kanye nefenisha.
Woza namakhemikhali. Isiteshi sokugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali asekhaya sihlukanisa izakhi futhi sizithumele ngokuqhubekayo - noma ngokwenziwa kabusha noma ukukhiqizwa kwesibili. Iziteshi zemvelo ezikhethekile zokuqoqwa kwamafutha asetshenzisiwe namanye amakhemikhali asebenza eziteshini zikaphethiloli. Izindawo zokuqoqa udoti zitholakala phakathi nebanga lokuhamba ngezinyawo. Iziteshi ezinkulu zibekwe ngesilinganiso sesiteshi esingu-1 ngezakhamuzi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10-15. Izinsizakalo zazo zonke iziteshi zokucubungula zimahhala kubantu. Lolu wuhlelo lokuthuthukisa umphakathi lwesikhathi eside oluxhaswe uhulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele.
"Ukwakhiwa kabusha" yigama elinikezwe uhlelo lokubhidliza eSweden. Indlu endala ihlakazwa ibe izingxenye, eziyiswa endaweni yokucubungula. Ngakho-ke, ezintweni zokwakha ezisetshenzisiwe, kutholakala ezintsha ezihambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zekhwalithi.
AbaseSweden bakhuthaza ukuqoqwa okuhlukile kwemfucuza "ku-ruble" (umqhele, i-euro - lokhu akusabalulekile kangako). Ngisho nasesigodini esincane, ungabona umshini okhethekile ongafaka kuwo ibhodlela lepulasitiki futhi ngokushesha "uguqule" ube yimali eqinile. Eqinisweni, ubuyisela imali ehlanganiswa nomkhiqizi ezindlekweni zomkhiqizo wesitsha - uchitha kuphela kumkhiqizo ngokwawo. Brilliant, akunjalo?
15 imigomo Sweden kwemvelo
1999 Uhulumeni wezwe elisenyakatho wamukela uhlu lwamaphuzu angu-15 aklanyelwe ukwenza izwe lihlanzeke futhi libe nobungane kubantu.
1. Umoya ohlanzekile
2. Amanzi aphansi asezingeni eliphezulu
3. Amachibi namashaneli aqhubekayo
4. Isimo semvelo samaxhaphozi
5. Indawo yasolwandle enokulinganisela
6. Izindawo ezingasogwini neziqhingi ezizinzile
7. Ayikho i-eutrophication, i-oxidation yemvelo kuphela
8. Ukunotha nokuhlukahluka kwehlathi
9. Ipulazi elizinzile
10. Izifunda eziphakeme zezintaba
11. Indawo enhle yasemadolobheni
12. Indawo engeyona enobuthi
13. Ukuphepha emisebeni
14. Ungqimba lwe-ozone oluvikelayo
15. Ukuncipha komthelela wesimo sezulu
Umgomo uwukuqeda uhlu ngo-2020. Ingabe usulwenzile uhlu lwakho lwezinto ozozenza ukuze wenze esikhathini esizayo? Ingabe uyawazi amazwe amaningi azenzela izinhlu ezinjalo?
Ukwethulwa kwezixazululo zakamuva zobuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izigaba zokuqoqwa, ukuhlungwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemfucuza kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi iSweden isincike ekutholeni udoti njalo. Izindlu zabantu zishiselwa ngokushisa imfucuza njengoba nje uhlelo lwamandla lusebenza kulolu hlobo lukaphethiloli (ngezinga elikhulu). Ngenhlanhla, omakhelwane bazwakalise ukuzimisela kwabo ukusiza - iNorway isilungele ukunikeza amathani kadoti afinyelela ku-800 XNUMX ngonyaka.
Izitshalo zokushiswa kwemfucuza zinenani elincishisiwe lezinto eziyingozi ezingena emkhathini (kufika ku-1%). Umkhondo wemvelo wendlela enjalo yokuhlela impilo yomphakathi mincane.
Futhi manje amazwi kaNdunankulu waseSweden uStefan Loffen, awazwakalisa e-UN Geassembly, awazwakali kangako manje. U-Loffen uthe izwe lakhe lifuna ukuba yisizwe sokuqala emhlabeni ukuqeda amandla kaphethiloli.
Ngo-2020, kuhlelwe ukuthi kudluliselwe izithuthi zomphakathi zasemadolobheni ezimotweni ezisebenzisa i-biogas ekhiqizwa indle kanye nemfucuza yezimboni zokudla.
I-Russian Federation: cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-60 emfucuza kamasipala minyaka yonke. 400 kg isakhamuzi ngasinye sezwe. Ngokusho kuka-Avfall Sverige, ngo-2015 iSweden ngayinye ikhiqize u-478 kg kadoti. Sekukonke, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezine zamathani kadoti akhiqizwa minyaka yonke kuleli.
Izinga lokucubungula liyi-7-8%. U-90% kadoti ugcinwa ezindaweni ezivulekile zokulahla imfucumfucu. Ochwepheshe basekhaya bafunde isipiliyoni saseSweden (ngendlela, izwe limema ochwepheshe abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi selilungele ukwabelana ngobuchwepheshe balo nolwazi lokulahlwa kwemfucuza) futhi umnyakazo obheke ekusetshenzisweni kabusha nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza usuqala ukulandelwa.
Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva eSweden, isimo sikadoti simi kanje:
kabusha - 50,6%,
ukushiswa kokukhiqiza amandla - 48,6%,
ithumela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza - 0,8%.
Kushiswa amathani afinyelela ku-2 million kadoti wabo ngonyaka. Ngo-2015, iSweden yangenisa futhi yasebenza amathani emfucuza ayizigidi eziyi-1,3 evela e-UK, Ireland naseNorway.
I-Zero Waste isiqubulo sethu. Singathanda ukukhiqiza udoti omncane, futhi siphinde sisebenzise yonke imfucuza ekhiqizwa ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Akukho mkhawulo ekupheleleni, futhi siyawuthanda lolu hlelo.”
Lesi isitatimende esiphuma kwinhloko yenhlangano yemfucuza nokugaywa kabusha, uWayne Wykvist.
AbaseSweden bavula izwe lezinganekwane zesayensi. Babhekana nodaba lwe-ecology nawo wonke umthwalo wemfanelo, ukuhlanganisa imfundo yomphakathi, ubuchwepheshe bezimboni kanye nezimpumelelo zesayensi zibe amandla owodwa. Ngakho basusa udoti ezweni labo - futhi manje sebesiza abanye. Othile ibhizinisi, othile iseluleko. Kuze kube yilapho umuntu ngamunye eqaphela indima yakhe ekukhuleni kwezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, kuzodingeka sibheke abantu baseScandinavia kuphela futhi sibancome.