Okuqukethwe
Labo abangenaso isineke sokuhlanganyela "ekuzingeleni ngokuthula" abakwazi ukulinda inkathi enkulu yamakhowe futhi bahambe nebhasikidi baye ehlathini entwasahlobo.
Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu: ngalesi sikhathi awekho amakhowe amaningi adliwayo njengasekwindla, kunengozi enkulu yokuletha imizimba yezithelo ezinobuthi ekhaya, ezifihliwe kalula njengezinhlobo ezidliwayo.
Lesi sihloko sibonisa izithombe, amagama nezincazelo zamakhowe entwasahlobo adliwayo futhi angenakudliwa angatholakala emahlathini aseduze neMoscow.
Ukukha amakhowe asentwasahlobo ehlathini eduze kwaseMoscow (ngevidiyo)
Amakhowe asentwasahlobo emadolobheni ayaziwa kakhulu, kodwa izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni aziwazi kahle. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungathola ama-morels anambitheka kakhulu, amakhowe e-oyster namakhowe ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, kusentwasahlobo lapho amakhowe okuqala e-hallucinogenic futhi anobuthi avela, isibonelo, imigqa evamile.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa lingancibiliki ngokuphelele futhi kuvela ama-patches okuqala ancibilikisiwe, amakhowe e-autumn oyster angabonakala. Abizwa ngokuthi yikwindla ngoba avela ekwindla, kodwa acashe ngaphansi kweqhwa ubusika bonke. Zingabhekwa kanyekanye amakhowe asebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Zihlala kahle entwasahlobo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqothulweni kwehlathi, ungathola yonke indawo: strobiliuruses, sarcoscyphs, xerompholines.
Entwasahlobo, isikhunta se-tinder (May, variable) nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ziqala ukukhula kakhulu emahlathini.
Ukuhamba entwasahlobo noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo ehlathini akugcini nje ngokuhle empilweni, futhi kukunikeza amandla okuqinisa futhi kuvuse amandla angaphakathi. Lesi sikhathi sihle futhi ngoba abekho omiyane nezimpukane ze-moose ehlathini okwamanje, futhi akukho okukuvimbela ukuba ujabulele imvelo. Kusentwasahlobo lapho ungakwazi ukukha amakhowe kuphela, kodwa futhi uzwe ukucula okumangalisayo kwezinyoni, ujabulele izithombe zokundiza kwazo kwamanje, lapho iduna lindiza phezulu, libhakuzisa amaphiko alo futhi licula ama-trills alo amangalisayo.
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo azikho ezinye izinambuzane ezimunca igazi, kodwa imikhaza isivele ivele ngoMeyi, futhi umsebenzi wabo uphakeme kakhulu ekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele. babe nezingubo ezimpintshayo, isigqoko noma iduku, sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele ezimithisa izingubo .
Le vidiyo isitshela ngokuningiliziwe ngamakhowe asentwasahlobo emahlathini aseduze neMoscow:
Strobiliurus ezidliwayo kanye cuttings
Ngemuva kokuthi iqhwa liyancibilika, amakhowe okuqala adliwayo entwasahlobo alingana nohlamvu lwemali lwe-kopeck eyishumi avela ehlathini kuma-cones aginqikayo nakudoti wespruce. Abizwa ngokuthi ama-strobiliuruses. Lawa makhowe asentwasahlobo akhula ngamaqembu. Nakuba i-strobiliurus idliwa, ayimnandi kakhulu futhi kuyinkinga ukuyiqoqa ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane.
Isithombe nencazelo yamakhowe e-spring strobilurus ezinhlobo ezahlukene kuvezwa ngezansi:
I-Strobilurus edliwayo, noma enamanzi (Strobilurus esculentus).
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi e-spruce, kudoti we-spruce noma kuma-cones, akhula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: amakhowe okuqala, ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
I-cap ingu-1-2 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-3 cm, ekuqaleni i-convex, kamuva iguqe, iphansi. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esinsundu noma se-chestnut esishelelayo esine-tubercle phakathi nendawo kanye nomphetho omncane. Umbala omaphakathi nekepisi umnyama, onsundu ngokunsundu.
Njengoba ubona esithombeni, lawa makhowe asentwasahlobo anesiqu esincanyana, ubude obungu-3-5 cm nogqinsi obungu-1-3 mm, buyisilinda, buphuzi ngenhla, buphuzi ngokunsundu ngezansi:
Isici sesibili esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo ukuba khona kwezimpande ze-shaggy ezinde ezinezintambo ezinoboya ezinwebekayo zibheke ku-cone.
Inyama imhlophe, iminyene, inephunga elimnandi, elihlaba kancane ekuqaleni, kamuva libe nephunga elincane le-herring.
Amarekhodi efrikhwensi emaphakathi, anamathelisiwe, amhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva abaphuzi. Impushana yesipore imhlophe.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka kokunsundu kuya kokunsundu ngokunsundu.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-Edible strobiliurus ifana ne-edible cutting strobiliurus (Strobilurus tenacellus), ehlukaniswa ngekepisi eliphuzi eliphuzi eliphuzi.
Lawa makhowe entwasahlobo okuqala ayadliwa, ayingxenye yesi-4. Izigqoko ezincane kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukudla, zithosiwe emva kokubilisa kokuqala imizuzu engu-15.
I-Strobiliurus cuttings (i-Strobilurus tenacellus).
Ngaphandle kwe-strobiliurus edliwayo, kukhona ne-Lai engenakudliwa, ehlukaniswa nephunga le-herring. Abizwa ngokuthi ukusika ama-strobiliuruses.
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi kaphayini kanye nesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, kudoti noma kumacones, akhula ngamaqembu.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa lawa makhowe asentwasahlobo: May-June.
Isigqoko singu-0,7-1,5 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi sifika ku-2 cm, ekuqaleni siyi-convex, kamuva siguqe, siphansi. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko se-matte esinsundu ngokukhanyayo, esipinki ngokunsundu esine-tubercle ebuthuntu phakathi nendawo, engalingani futhi esinomphetho omncane onezimbambo.
Isiqu lalawa makhowe, esikhula entwasahlobo esifundeni saseMoscow, sincane, singu-2-5 cm ubude no-1-2,5 mm obukhulu, si-cylindrical, i-cartilaginous, ngokuvamile si-pubescent esisekelweni, simhlophe ngenhla, siphuzi ngezansi. Isici sesibili esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo ukuba khona kwezimpande ze-shaggy ezinde ezinezintambo ezinoboya ezinwebekayo zibheke ku-cone.
Bheka isithombe - i-pulp yalawa makhowe, avela phakathi kwawokuqala entwasahlobo, imhlophe, iminyene:
Ekuqaleni, iphunga le-pulp limnandi, i-herring kancane, kamuva iba engathandeki, i-musty kancane.
Amarekhodi efrikhwensi emaphakathi, anamathelisiwe, amhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva abaphuzi. Impushana yesipore imhlophe.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka kokunsundu kuya kokunsundu ngokunsundu.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-cut strobiliurus ifana ne-edible strobilurus (Strobilurus esculentus), ehlukaniswa ngekepisi elicwebezelayo elinombala onsundu ngokumnyama, isiqu esinombala ogqamile, kanye nephunga elinamandla kancane.
Lawa makhowe okuqala asentwasahlobo abhekwa njengokudliwayo ngokwemibandela ngenxa yephunga elithile le-herring.
I-Xerompholin mushroom yasentwasahlobo
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kuvela amakoloni okuqala amakhowe, athatha ngokuphelele isiphunzi esibolile noma isiqu esibolile. Lezi, okokuqala, i-xeromphalina efana nesiqu (Xeromphalina cauticinalis). Lawa makhowe asentwasahlobo akhula esifundeni saseMoscow mahle, akhumbuza ama-chanterelles aphuzi amancane anesiqu eside esincanyana. Lezi zidumbu ezithela izithelo ezingaziwayo zingabonakala eduze kwemigwaqo yasemaphandleni nezindlela, endaweni emanzi.
Izindawo zokuhlala: emahlathini axubile nangama-coniferous, khula ngamaqembu amakhulu eziqwini ezibolile.
Isizini: May-July.
Isigqoko sinobubanzi obungu-0,5-3 cm. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esicwebezelayo, esinamathelayo esisambulela esiphuzi noma esiphuzi-orange esine-depression encane phakathi nendawo kanye nemigqa ekhanyayo evela kumapuleti akhanyayo.
Umlenze 2-6 cm ukuphakama, 1-3 mm ubukhulu. Kusuka ku-cap kune-cone, khona-ke isiqu sibushelelezi, i-cylindrical, i-pink-brown noma i-yellowish-orange.
Amapuleti ala makhowe, aphakathi kwawokuqala amila entwasahlobo, awavamile, ekuqaleni anokhilimu, kamuva anokhilimu ophuzi, ehla ekhoneni eduze kwesiqu.
Inyama imhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva iphuzi ngokukhanyayo, i-brittle, ayinaphunga.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka ophuzi-owolintshi kuya kweqanda.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Umbala ofana nesiqu se-Xerampholine ufana ne-oki hygrocybe (Hygrocybe quieta), nayo enombala ophuzi-owolintshi, kodwa kune-tubercle ekepisini.
Amakhowe e-Xerompholine awadleki.
Ushevu Amakhowe Amanga
Amakhowe anobuthi asentwasahlobo amakhulu kunawo wonke esifundeni saseMoscow amakhowe angama-pseudo aphuzi. Zikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu eziqwini naseziqwini zezihlahla eziwile. Uma usuka kude, abukeka njengamakhowe ehlobo adliwayo, kodwa ahluke ngombala ophuzi sulphur we-underside of the cap. Ngokuvamile zitholakala emahlathini axubile lapho kukhula khona isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu, i-birch, i-oki ne-aspen.
Izindawo okuhlala kuzo igwebu lamanga lesulfure-yellow (Hypholoma fasciculare): izinkuni ezibolayo kanye neziqu ze-hardwood kanye ne-conifers, ezikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Izindawo zokuhlala: izinkuni ezibolayo kanye neziqu ze-hardwood kanye ne-conifers, ezikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Isizini: April - November
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-2-7 cm, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo ikepisi eliphuzi elikhanyayo noma elikhanyayo elipinkish-brown convex-flat eline-tubercle ebonakalayo, enombala wezitini obomvu ogqamile.
Isiqu sincane futhi side, sigobile, 3-9 cm ukuphakama, 3-8 mm ubukhulu, sinombala ofanayo nesigqoko, noma silula kancane, sine-tint ephuzi, i-cylindrical, incishiswe kancane eduze kwesisekelo, nemikhondo indandatho. Isisekelo sesiqu simnyama - si-orange-brown.
I-Pulp: sulphur-ophuzi, ithenda kanye ne-fibrous, enephunga elingathandeki kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.
Amapuleti avamile, abanzi, anamathele, aphuzi sulphur noma ansundu-olive.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka ophuzi-nsumpa kuya ophuzi sulphur.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-agaric ye-sulfur-yellow yamanga engenakudliwa ye-sulphur-yellow honey agaric ingadideka ne-agaric ye-sulphur-yellow yamanga yamanga edliwayo (Hypholoma capnoides), ehluke ngombala wamapuleti - okumpunga okukhanyayo, kanye nesigqoko esinamafutha esiphuzi esiphuzi esisawolintshi.
Lawa makhowe anobuthi futhi anobuthi.
Ukuqoqa amakhowe e-psatirell ehlathini entwasahlobo
Izindawo zokuhlala e-psatyrella gray-brown (Psathyrella spadiceogrisea): umhlabathi, izinkuni ezibolile neziphunzi zezihlahla ezivuthulukayo, ezikhula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: May - October.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-2-5 cm, ekuqaleni imise okwensimbi, kamuva i-convex-prostrate ene-tubercle ebuthuntu phakathi nendawo. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lwamakhowe entwasahlobo ikepisi elimpunga-nsundu eline-radial fibrillation, elibukeka njengamadashi amancane, kanye nomngcele omncane omncane onqenqemeni, umbala ofanayo kuma-specimens amancane kanye nezindawo ezinkulu ezinemibala kumakhowe amadala. Lezi zindawo ziyizinhlobo ezimbili: okuphuzi-pinki maphakathi nekepisi noma okumpunga-nsundu phakathi nendawo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe endaweni emaphakathi, indawo egxilile ephuzi-esiliva enemiphetho efiphele.
Umlenze unobude obungu-4-9 cm, ubukhulu obungu-3 kuya ku-7 mm, i-cylindrical, ugqinsile kancane esisekelweni, ongenalutho, obushelelezi, obumhlophe, u-mealy engxenyeni engenhla.
Naka isithombe - esisekelweni, umlenze waleli khowe lentwasahlobo elidliwayo umnyama, unombala onsundu:
I-Pulp: amanzi, amhlophe, antekenteke, mncane, anokunambitheka okumnandi kanye nephunga elimnandi lamakhowe.
Amapuleti anamathele, avamile, amancane, abomvu-nsundu.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi ungahluka kusuka kompunga-nsundu ukuya kokubomvu-nsundu namachashazi aphuzi-pink noma izindawo.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-psatyrella ensundu ngokumpunga iyafana ngokuma nangosayizi ku-psatyrella ethambile (i-Psathyrella velutina), ehlukaniswa yisigqoko esibomvu-esibomvu, esimbozwe ngokuminyene ngemicu, enikeza ukubukeka kwevelvety.
Amakhowe e-Psatirrella ayadliwa, isigaba sesi-4, ngemuva kokubilisa kokuqala okungenani imizuzu eyi-15.
Okulandelayo, uzothola ukuthi amanye amakhowe akhula entwasahlobo.
i-collibia mushroom edliwayo
Maphakathi nasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kuvela izinhlobo zokuqala ze-collibia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-chestnut noma i-oil collibia. Lawa makhowe amancane amahle aheha ngokubukeka kwawo okubabazekayo, nakuba emancane ngosayizi. Nakuba zidliwa, azivunwa ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane kanye nesigaba esiphansi, sesine ngokwezindawo zokudla okunomsoco.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-chestnut collibia, noma ezinamafutha (Collybia butyracea): amahlathi axubile nangama-coniferous, phansi kwehlathi, phezu kwezinkuni ezibolayo. Lawa makhowe ngokuvamile akhula ngamaqembu ehlathini lasentwasahlobo.
Isizini: May - October.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-3-8 cm, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex nge-tubercle eyindilinga bese iguqa nge-tubercle eyisicaba kanye nemiphetho ephakanyisiwe noma e-convex. Isici esihlukile sekhowe lasentwasahlobo elibizwa ngokuthi i-collibia umbala onsundu we-chestnut wekepisi one-tubercle eyisicaba yombala onsundu ngokumnyama kanye nemiphetho ekhanyayo, ukhilimu noma ensundu ngokukhanyayo.
Umlenze 4-9 cm ubude, mncane, 2-8 mm ubukhulu, cylindrical, bushelelezi, kuqala creamy, kamuva onsundu ngokuphaphathekile. Isisekelo somlenze sijiyile.
Inyama inamanzi, izacile, ithambile, imhlophe noma iphuzi, ekuqaleni ayinaphunga, kamuva ibe nephunga elincane elikhuntile.
Amapuleti anokhilimu noma aphuzi, akhule ngokungekho emthethweni. Phakathi kwamapuleti anamathelayo kukhona amapuleti amahhala amafushane.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kuye ngokuvuthwa kwekhowe, inyanga kanye nomswakama wesizini. Umbala ungaba yi-chestnut-brown, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwehlobo, obomvu-obomvu nge-brown tint, brown-brown onophakathi obumnyama, grey-brown nge-olive tint, i-lilac-brown. Phakathi nenkathi eyomile, ikepisi liyanyamalala libe amathoni akhanyayo aphuzi, ukhilimu, nansundu ngokukhanyayo.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-chestnut collibia iyafana ngokuma nangosayizi ne-collibia ethanda ukhuni edliwayo (Collybia dryophila), ehlukile ngokuthi inesigqoko esilula kakhulu.
Ukudla: ezidliwayo, kodwa zidinga ukubiliswa kwangaphambili emanzini ama-2 ukuze kuqedwe iphunga lesikhunta. Basesigabeni sesi-4.
I-otidea mushroom engenakudliwa
Ihlathi lasentwasahlobo lisilethela lezimanga. Enye yalezi zimanga ama-otide anomusa. Igama labo liyazikhulumela. Uhamba ehlathini futhi kungazelelwe ubona izindlebe ezithambile ezinotshani obuphuzi noma ama-tulips phansi ehlathini. Bayasitshela: bheka, yeka imvelo eyingqayizivele futhi ehlukahlukene. Sigade!
Izindawo zokuhlala e- graceful otides (Otidea concinna): phansi ehlathini emahlathini axubile, akhula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: May - November.
Umzimba wesithelo unobubanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-8 cm, ubude obungu-1 kuya ku-6 cm. Ngaphandle, lawa makhowe avame ukufana nokuma kwe-tulips. Indawo yangaphandle ine-granular noma i-powdery coating. Ngaphakathi inombala ophuzi ngokunsundu.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, lawa makhowe entwasahlobo okuqala akhula ngamaqembu, ahlanganiswe yisisekelo esisodwa esivamile:
Isisekelo somzimba othela izithelo simise okwemilenze.
I-Pulp: brittle, cishe ukujiya, ukukhanya okuphuzi.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala womzimba wesithelo ungahluka kusuka kunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kophuzi-nsundu kanye nophuzi kalamula.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-otidea enomusa ifana ne-bubbly pepper (Peziza vesiculosa), ehlukaniswa ngokuma kwayo okugqamile.
Ama-otide anomusa awadliwa.
Lezi zithombe zibonisa amakhowe asentwasahlobo akhula esifundeni saseMoscow:
