Eminyakeni eyi-15-20 edlule, ubhontshisi wesoya nemikhiqizo ithathe imakethe ngokoqobo, futhi ngayo izisu zethu. Abadla imifino bathanda kakhulu isoya. Uyaphila kodwa? Umagazini ogunyaziwe waseMelika othi “Ecologist” (Isazi Sendawo Ezungezile) muva nje ubeke isihloko esibucayi kakhulu ngesoya.
“Kuzwakala njengokuhlubuka ezweni lethu eligcwele isoyi,” kubhala i-Ecologist, “kodwa sisaphikisa ngokuthi ungadla ukudla okunempilo ngaphandle kwesoya. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa izinga isoya esibe yingxenye yokudla kwethu, kuzothatha umzamo we-Herculean ukuyiqeda kuyo. "
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-portal yase-Asia i-Asia One, ekukhethweni ngaphansi kwesihloko esithembisayo esithi "Yidla Kahle, Uphile Kahle", ngomlomo "we-nutritionist oyinhloko" u-Sherlyn Quek (uSherlyn Quek), uncoma isobho ngokuthi "i-lightlight yokudla"; ngokusho kukaMadame Kiek, i-soy ayikwazi ukunikeza ukudla okumnandi nokunempilo kuphela, kodwa futhi "ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele", nakuba kune-caveat: uma ifakwe ekudleni kusukela esemncane.
I-athikili yethu ikhuluma nge-soy futhi iphakamisa imibuzo emibili kumfundi ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukuthi iwusizo kangakanani (noma iyingozi) i-soy nokuthi iwusizo kangakanani (noma iyingozi) ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.?
Igama elithi “soy” namuhla libonakala lizwakala ngomunye kwabathathu. Futhi isoya ivame ukuvela phambi komuntu ongelutho ngokukhanya okuhluke kakhulu - kusukela esikhundleni esihle kakhulu seprotheyini "enyameni" emikhiqizweni eqediwe kancane kanye nezindlela zokugcina ubuhle nempilo yabesifazane kuya emkhiqizweni oguqulwe ngofuzo oyingozi kuwo wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yesilisa yeplanethi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi owesifazane.
Iyini isizathu sokuhlakazeka okunjalo ezicini zezakhiwo zesitshalo esikude kakhulu nesitshalo esingavamile? Ake sizame ukukuqonda.
Okokuqala, kufanele kushiwo amagama ambalwa mayelana nokuthi i-soy isesimweni sayo sokuqala. Okokuqala, i-soy ayiwona umkhiqizo wokulahlekelwa isisindo, amadombolo ashibhile noma indawo yobisi, kodwa ubhontshisi ovame kakhulu, izwe lakubo liyi-East Asia. Sezitshalwe lapha izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kepha ubhontshisi "ufinyelele" eYurophu kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ngokubambezeleka okuncane, kulandela iYurophu, ubhontshisi wesoya watshalwa eMelika naseRussia. Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthi ubhontshisi wesoya ungeniswe kalula ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.
Futhi lokhu akumangazi: ubhontshisi wesoya uwukudla kwezitshalo okucebile kakhulu ngamaprotheni. Imikhiqizo eminingi yokudla ikhiqizwa kusuka ku-soy, isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukucebisa amaprotheni izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Umkhiqizo odumile eJapane obizwa ngokuthi “tofu” awuyona into engaphezu kukabhontshisi, wona owenziwe ngobisi lwesoya. I-Tofu iboniswe ukuthi inezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, okuhlanganisa ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini nokuvimbela ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo. I-tofu iphinde ivikele umzimba ku-dioxin futhi ngenxa yalokho inciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Futhi lesi yisibonelo esisodwa nje sezakhiwo zomkhiqizo wesoya.
Kungaphetha ngokuthi i-soy, okuvela kuyo i-tofu, nayo inazo zonke lezi zimfanelo ezingenhla. Ngempela, ngokombono wamanje, i-soy iqukethe inani lezinto ezinomphumela onenzuzo empilweni yomuntu: i-isoflavones, i-genistin, i-phytic acid, i-lecithin ye-soy. I-Isoflavones ingachazwa njenge-antioxidant yemvelo, okuthi, ngokusho kodokotela, ikhulise amandla amathambo, ibe nomthelela omuhle empilweni yabesifazane. Ama-Isoflavone asebenza njengama-estrogen emvelo futhi akhulula ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
I-Genistin iyinto engamisa ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza ezinyathelweni zokuqala, futhi ama-phytic acids, nawo, avimbela ukukhula kwezicubu ezinomdlavuza.
I-soy lecithin inomphumela onenzuzo kakhulu emzimbeni uwonke. Izimpikiswano ezivuna isoyi zisekelwa impikiswano enzima: iminyaka eminingi isoya ibilokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala kumphakathi waseZweni LeLanga Eliphumayo, futhi ibonakala ingenayo imiphumela emibi eyingozi. Ngokuphambene, amaJapane abonakala ebonisa izinkomba zezempilo ezinhle. Kodwa hhayi eJapane kuphela edla njalo isoso, futhi iChina neKorea. Kuwo wonke la mazwe, isoya inomlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuxakile, kunombono ohluke ngokuphelele mayelana nesoya, nawo osekelwa ucwaningo. Ngokwaleli phuzu lokubuka, inani lezinto ku-soy, kuhlanganise ne-isoflavonoids engenhla, kanye nama-phytic acid kanye ne-soy lecithin, kubangela ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yomuntu. Ukuze uqonde le nkinga, kufanele ubheke izimpikiswano zabaphikisi be-soy.
Ngokusho kwe-contra camp, ama-isoflavones anomphumela omubi emsebenzini wokuzala womuntu. Kuwumkhuba ovamile - ukuphakela izinsana esikhundleni sokudla kwezingane okujwayelekile nge-analogue yesoya (ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba) - kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-isoflavonoid alingana namaphilisi okulawula inzalo amahlanu angena emzimbeni wengane nsuku zonke. Ngokuqondene nama-phytic acid, izinto ezinjalo zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemifino. Ku-soy, izinga lale nto lilinganiselwe kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo zomndeni.
I-Phytic acids, kanye nenani lezinye izinto zesoya (i-soy lecithin, i-genistin), ivimba inqubo yokungena emzimbeni wezinto eziwusizo, ikakhulukazi i-magnesia, i-calcium, insimbi ne-zinc.okungagcina kuholele ekutheni kube ne-osteoporosis. E-Asia, indawo yokuzalwa ye-soybean, i-osteoporosis ivinjelwa ngokudla, kanye nobhontshisi oneshwa, inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi zasolwandle kanye nemihluzi. Kodwa ngokungathí sina, "i-soy toxins" ingathinta ngokuqondile izitho zangaphakathi namaseli omzimba womuntu, ukuwabhubhisa nokuwashintsha.
Nokho, amanye amaqiniso azwakala futhi athakazelisayo. E-Asia, isoya ayidliwe kabanzi njengoba kungase kubonakale. Ngokwemibhalo yomlando, ubhontshisi wesoya wawusetshenziswa kabanzi njengokudla emazweni ase-Asia, ikakhulukazi abantu abampofu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubo yokulungiselela ubhontshisi besoya yayiyinkimbinkimbi futhi yayihlanganisa ukuvutshelwa okude kakhulu nokupheka kwesikhathi eside okwalandela. Le nqubo yokupheka ngokusebenzisa "ukuvutshelwa kwendabuko" yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqeda ubuthi obushiwo ngenhla.
Abadla imifino e-US naseYurophu, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela, badla cishe amagremu angu-200 we-tofu nezingilazi eziningana zobisi lwe-soy izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto., empeleni okwedlula ukusetshenziswa kwe-soy emazweni ase-Asia, lapho idliwa khona ngamanani amancane futhi hhayi njengokudla okuyisisekelo, kodwa njengesengezo sokudla noma isiphuzo.
Ngisho noma silahla wonke lawa maqiniso futhi sicabange ukuthi i-soy ayibangeli noma yimuphi umonakalo emzimbeni, kunesinye isici esinzima kakhulu ukuphika: cishe yonke imikhiqizo ye-soy namuhla yenziwe kusukela kubhontshisi we-genetically modified. Uma namuhla wonke umuntu wesithathu ezwile mayelana nobhontshisi wesoya, cishe wonke umuntu wesibili uye wezwa ngokudla okuguquguqukayo nezidalwa eziphilayo.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla okuguquguqukayo noma okuguquliwe (GM) ukudla okutholakala ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezifakwe ku-DNA yofuzo oluthile olunganikezwanga ngokwemvelo kuleso sitshalo. Lokhu kwenziwa, isibonelo, ukuze izinkomo zinikeze ubisi olukhuluphele, futhi izitshalo zikwazi ukumelana nemithi yokubulala ukhula nezinambuzane. Yilokhu okwenzeka ngesoya. Ngo-1995, inkampani yase-US iMonsanto yethula ubhontshisi wesoya weGM owawumelana ne-glyphosate yokubulala ukhula, esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula. Ubhontshisi omusha wesoya wawumnandi: namuhla izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-90% zishintshile.
E-Russia, njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi, ukuhlwanyela ubhontshisi we-GM akuvunyelwe, noma kunjalo, njengoba, futhi, emazweni amaningi omhlaba, kungangeniswa ngokukhululekile. Iningi lokudla okungabizi kakhulu ezitolo ezinkulu, kusukela kumabhega asheshayo abukeka ephuza emlonyeni kuya kwesinye isikhathi ukudla kwezingane, aqukethe isoyi yeGM. Ngokwemithetho, kuyimpoqo ukukhombisa emaphaketheni ukuthi umkhiqizo uqukethe ama-transgenes noma cha. Manje isiba yimfashini ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabakhiqizi: imikhiqizo igcwele imibhalo ethi "Ungaqukethe ama-GMO" (izinto eziguquliwe).
Yebo, inyama yesoya efanayo ishibhile kunozakwabo wemvelo, futhi kumuntu oshisekayo wemifino ngokuvamile iyisipho, kodwa ukuba khona kwama-GMO emikhiqizweni akwamukeleki nakancane – akulona ize ukuthi ukuphika noma ukuthula mayelana nokuba khona kwama-transgenes. emkhiqizweni othile kujeziswa ngokomthetho. Ngokuqondene nesoya, iNhlangano Kazwelonke YaseRussia Yezokuphepha Zofuzo yenze izifundo, imiphumela yazo yabonisa ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kokufakwa kwe-GM soy ngezidalwa eziphilayo kanye nempilo yenzalo yazo. Inzalo yamagundane afunzwa ngesoya ye-transgenic yayinezinga eliphezulu lokufa, kanye nokuba nesisindo esincane kakhulu kanye nokuwohloka. Ngamafuphi, ithemba nalo alikhanyanga kakhulu.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi be-soya, futhi ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi be-soya be-GM, bawubeka njengomkhiqizo onempilo kakhulu, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - hhayi neze ingozi. Kusobala ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka, umkhiqizo omkhulu kangaka uletha imali enhle.
Ukudla noma ukungadli i-soy - wonke umuntu uyazinqumela. I-Soy, ngokungangabazeki, iqukethe izinto eziningi ezinhle, kodwa izici ezingezinhle, ngeshwa, kunalokho zidlula lezi zimfanelo. Kubonakala sengathi amaqembu alwayo angasho ngokungapheli zonke izinhlobo zobuhle nobubi, kodwa umuntu kufanele athembele emaqinisweni.
Ubhontshisi wesoya ngendlela yawo yokuqala awufanele ukudliwa abantu. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba sifinyelele esiphethweni (mhlawumbe esinesibindi ngandlela thize) sokuthi lesi sitshalo asikhuleliswanga ngokwemvelo ukuze sisetshenziswe abantu. Ubhontshisi wesoya udinga ukucutshungulwa okukhethekile, okugcina kuphenduke ukudla.
Elinye iqiniso: ubhontshisi wesoya uqukethe inani lezinto ezinobuthi. Ukucutshungulwa kukabhontshisi kabhontshisi kwakuhluke kakhulu kulokho okusetshenziswa namuhla. Okubizwa ngokuthi inhlama emuncu yendabuko kwakungeyona nje inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa futhi yanciphisa ubuthi obuqukethwe ku-soy. Okokugcina, iqiniso lokugcina, elingenakuphikwa: ngaphezu kwe-90% yemikhiqizo ye-soy namuhla yenziwe kusukela kubhontshisi we-soya oshintshwe izakhi. Lokhu akufanele kukhohlwe uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo yesoya ekudleni noma ukhetha esitolo esikhulu esilandelayo phakathi komkhiqizo wemvelo kanye nozakwabo wesoya ovame ukushibhile. Phela, umthetho osobala wegolide wokudla okunempilo ukudla okuningi okungokwemvelo, okungacutshungulwa ngangokunokwenzeka.
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