Ukuthanda ukudla okuphilayo eRussia, ngokungafani neYurophu naseMelika, kusekude ukuba kusabalale. Kodwa-ke, intshisekelo kuyo iyakhula - naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu kanye nenhlekelele. Amahlumela okuqala emvelo asevele avela emakethe yendawo.
Inkulumo ethi "ukudla okuphilayo", ecasula osokhemisi kanye nezazi zezinto eziphilayo kakhulu, yavela eminyakeni engu-60 edlule. Konke kwaqala ngo-Lord Walter James Northbourne, okwathi ngo-1939 waqhamuka nomqondo wepulazi njengento ephilayo, futhi kusukela lapho wathola ukulima okuphilayo okuphambene nokulima ngamakhemikhali. I-Lord Agronomist yathuthukisa umbono wayo ezincwadini ezintathu futhi yaziwa njengomunye wokhokho bohlobo olusha lwezolimo. Isazi sezitshalo esiyiNgisi uSir Albert Howard, isigwili sabezindaba saseMelika uJerome Rodale nabanye, iningi labo ababecebile nabavelele, nabo babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo kule nqubo.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s eNtshonalanga, amapulazi emvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yawo ayethanda kakhulu abalandeli beminyaka emisha kanye nabadla imifino. Ezinyangeni zokuqala, baphoqeleka ukuthi bathenge ukudla kwe-eco-food ngqo kubakhiqizi - amapulazi amancane anquma ukuthuthela endleleni yemvelo yokukhulisa izitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo kanye nemibandela yokukhiqizwa kwayo kwahlolwa mathupha yiklayenti. Kwaze kwaba nesiqubulo esithi “Yazi umlimi wakho – uyakwazi ukudla kwakho.” Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-90s, ingxenye yaqala ukukhula kakhulu ngenkuthalo, ngezinye izikhathi ikhula ngo-20% ngonyaka futhi idlula ezinye izindawo zemakethe yokudla kule nkomba.
Igalelo elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isiqondiso senziwa imizamo ye-united Europe, okwathi emuva ngo-1991 yamukela imithetho nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza amapulazi e-organic. Abantu baseMelika basabela ngokuqoqwa kwabo kwemibhalo yokulawula kuphela ngo-2002. Izinguquko ziye zathinta kancane kancane izindlela zokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa imikhiqizo ye-eco: amapulazi amakhulu ezinkampani aqala ukuxhuma okokuqala, futhi akhethiwe amaketanga esitolo kuya kwesibili. Umbono womphakathi waqala ukuthanda imfashini yemfashini: ukudla okuphelele kwemvelo kwakhuthazwa yizihlabani zama-movie nabaculi abadumile, abaphakathi babala izinzuzo zokudla okunempilo futhi bavuma ukuyikhokha kakhulu kusukela ku-10 kuya ku-200%. Ngisho nalabo abangakwazi ukuthenga ukudla okuphilayo bathole ukuthi kuhlanzekile, kumnandi futhi kunomsoco.
Ngo-2007, imakethe yezinto eziphilayo yabika amazwe angaphezu kuka-60 anemibhalo edingekayo yokulawula kanye neyokulawula, imali etholwa minyaka yonke yama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-46 kanye namahektha ayizigidi ezingu-32,2 ahlala emapulazini aphilayo. Yiqiniso, inkomba yokugcina, uma iqhathaniswa nezolimo zamakhemikhali zendabuko, ifinyelela ku-0,8% kuphela womthamo womhlaba. Umnyakazo wokudla kwemvelo udlondlobala, kanjalo nomsebenzi webhizinisi ohambisana nawo.
Kuyacaca ukuthi i-eco-food ngeke ifinyelele kubathengi abaningi maduze. Ososayensi abaningi bayawungabaza lo mbono: bakhomba ekuntulekeni kwenzuzo efakazelwe yokudla okuphilayo ngaphezu kokudla okuvamile ngokwamavithamini namaminerali awusizo kubantu, futhi bakholelwa ukuthi ezolimo zemvelo azikwazi ukondla inani labantu bonke. iplanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesivuno esincane sezinto eziphilayo, izindawo ezinkulu kuzodingeka zabelwe ukukhiqizwa kwazo, okubangela ukulimala okwengeziwe emvelweni.
Vele, ososayensi be-eco-food banocwaningo lwabo oluphikisa izimpikiswano zabanye abangabazayo, futhi ukukhetha komuntu ojwayelekile onentshisekelo esihlokweni kuphenduka indaba yokukholelwa emcabangweni owodwa noma komunye. Esiqongweni sokumangalelana, abalandeli bezinto eziphilayo kanye nabamelene nabo badlulela ezingeni lozungu: abangabazayo babonisa ukuthi abaphikisana nabo abanandaba nemvelo, kodwa bamane bakhuthaze abakhiqizi abasha, badicilele phansi abadala endleleni, futhi abathanda imvelo baphendula lokho. ulaka olulungile lwabangabazayo lukhokhelwa izinkampani zamakhemikhali nabaphakeli bokudla okuvamile abesaba ukuncintisana nokulahlekelwa izimakethe zokuthengisa.
E-Russia, izingxoxo ezinkulu mayelana nezinzuzo noma ukungabi nalusizo kokudla okuphilayo ngokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe abavela emhlabeni wesayensi akusho lutho: ngokusho kwabanye abalandeli bokudla okunomsoco, ukusala kwethu emhlabeni wonke kulolu daba kungu-15- Iminyaka engu-20. Kuze kube muva nje, idlanzana elingafuni ukuhlafuna noma yini, likubheka njengempumelelo enkulu uma likwazile ukujwayelana nomlimi othile ohlala kude kakhulu nedolobha futhi libe iklayenti lakhe elivamile. Futhi kulokhu, ogulayo wathola ukudla kwasesigodini kuphela, okungahambelani neze nezinga eliphezulu lokudla okuphilayo, ngoba umlimi angasebenzisa amakhemikhali noma ama-antibiotics ekwenzeni kwawo. Ngokunjalo, akukho kulawulwa kwezwe kwamazinga e-eco-food okwakukhona futhi namanje akukabi khona ngempela.
Naphezu kwezimo ezinzima kangaka, ngo-2004-2006 izitolo eziningana ezikhethekile zabalandeli bemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo zavulwa eMoscow - lokhu kungabhekwa njengomzamo wokuqala ophawulekayo wokuqalisa imfashini yendawo yendawo. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kubo kwakuyi-eco-market "i-Red Pumpkin", eyavulwa ngokuthakazelisa okukhulu, kanye negatsha laseMoscow le-German "Biogurme" nelithi "Grunwald" licatshangelwa intuthuko yaseJalimane. "Ithanga" livaliwe ngemva konyaka nesigamu, "Biogurme" yahlala ezimbili. I-Grunwald yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu, nokho, yashintsha igama layo futhi ukwakhiwa kwesitolo, iba yi-“Bio-Market”. Abantu abadla imifino baqhamuke nezitolo ezikhethekile, njengeJagannath Health Food Store, indawo lapho ungathola khona ngisho nemikhiqizo yemifino eyivelakancane.
Futhi, nakuba abathandi bokudla okuphilayo eMoscow ezigidigidi zamadola baqhubeka benza amaphesenti amancane kakhulu, noma kunjalo, baningi kakhulu ukuthi le mboni iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Izitolo ezinkulu ze-Chain zizama ukujoyina izitolo ezikhethekile, kodwa ngokuvamile zikhubeka emananini. Kuyacaca ukuthi awukwazi ukuthengisa i-eco-food eshibhile kunezinga elithile elibekwe umenzi, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ukhokhe ngokuphindwe kathathu noma kane kukho kunemikhiqizo evamile. Izitolo ezinkulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azikwazi ukushiya umkhuba wokwenza inzuzo eminingi kanye nokwanda kwamavolumu - yonke indlela yokuhweba yabo incike kulokhu. Esimweni esinjalo, abathandi be-organic ngabanye bathatha inqubo ezandleni zabo futhi bathole imiphumela emihle ngesikhathi esifushane.