Okuqukethwe
Konke mayelana nokudoba i-smelt
Umndeni omkhulu wezinhlanzi ezihlala emifuleni nezilwandle zaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ososayensi bahlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ekubunjweni kwe-smelt. Umehluko phakathi komndeni uncane, uma kucatshangelwa izindawo zokuhlala, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-smelt yaseYurophu (i-smelt), i-Asian ne-marine, kanye nefomu lechibi, elibizwa nangokuthi i-smelt noma i-nagish (igama le-Arkhangelsk). I-Lake smelt yalethwa emgodini woMfula iVolga. Zonke izinhlobo zine-adipose fin. Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi buncane, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zingafinyelela ku-40 cm futhi zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-400. Iphunga elikhula kancane linesikhathi eside sokuphila. Izinhlanzi eziningi zomkhaya zizalela emanzini ahlanzekile, kodwa ukudla kwenzeka emanzini anosawoti olwandle noma endaweni yomfula. Kukhona futhi amanzi ahlanzekile, ichibi, amafomu angawodwa. I-Capelin kanye ne-smelt smelt iphuma ogwini lolwandle. Inhlanzi yesikole, ethandwa kakhulu izakhamuzi zendawo zasemadolobheni asogwini lolwandle ngokunambitheka kwayo. Izinhlobo eziningi, lapho zisanda kubanjwa, zine "flavour yekhukhamba" encane. Phakathi nohambo lwesizini oluya emifuleni, luyinto eyintandokazi yokudoba nokudoba amateur.
Izindlela zokubamba iphunga
Ukudoba kwe-smelt okudume kakhulu ukudoba amateur ngegiya lasebusika. Amafomu echibi abanjwa, kanye ne-sizhok, nasehlobo. Ngalokhu, kokubili i-float gear kanye nezinduku zokudoba "ezinde" zifanelekile.
Ukubamba iphunga ekuphotheni
Kungaba okulungile kakhulu ukubiza izindlela ezinjalo zokudoba hhayi ukuphotha, kodwa ngosizo lwezintambo zokuphotha, kanye nezinye izinduku "zokuphonsa ibanga elide". Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-smelt iyinhlanzi ye-pelargic, umsoco wayo uhlobene ngokuqondile ne-plankton. Amarigi aklanyelwe ukuletha isiyengo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esikoleni sezinhlanzi. Amasinki, kanye nalawo ajwayelekile, angasebenza njengebhomu elicwilayo, induku yaseTyrolean, njalonjalo. Izisetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa uhlobo "umashiqela". I-Lures - ukulingisa izilwane ezingenamgogodla kanye nokuthosa. Lapho udoba ama-rigs anemikhondo emide noma ngezintambo eziningana, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinduku ezinde, ezikhethekile ("ucingo olude", ukufanisa, amabhomu).
Ukubamba i-smelt ngezinduku zasebusika
Ama-Multi-hook rigs asetshenziswa kakhulu ukubamba i-smelt. Izintambo zokudoba, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zisebenzisa eziwugqinsi. Ukuze uthole ukuluma okuphumelelayo, into esemqoka ukucacisa kahle indawo yokudoba. Ngaphezu kokuthi "umashiqela" noma "whatnots", i-smelt ibanjwa kuma-spinner amancane kanye nezinduku zokudoba zendabuko zokuvuma nge-mormyshka. I-Mormyshkas ene-coating-accumulative coating ithandwa kakhulu. Phakathi nenhlanzi, abadobi abaningi bayakwazi ukudoba ngezinduku ezingu-8-9.
Ukubamba iphunga ngenduku yokuntanta
Ukudoba okusamfundamakhwela kwe-smelt kugiya elintantayo akukona okwangempela. Lezi izinduku ezijwayelekile 4-5 m ezine "isithulu" noma "imishini yokugijima". Izingwegwe kufanele zikhethwe nge-shank ende, inhlanzi inomlomo onenani elikhulu lamazinyo amancane, izinkinga nge-leashes zingase ziphakame. Uma inyamazane encane, izingwegwe kufanele zibe zincane. Ukudoba kunconywa kusuka esikebheni, kunzima ukunquma ngokushesha indawo yokunyakaza komhlambi we-smelt efudukayo, ngakho-ke kungase kudingeke ujikeleze ichibi ngesikhathi sokudoba. Ukuze udobe, ungasebenzisa kokubili induku yokuntanta kanye “nembongolo egijimayo”.
Amahubo
Ukuze ubambe i-smelt, izintambo ezihlukahlukene zokwenziwa kanye nokulingisa kusetshenziswa, kuhlanganise nezimpukane noma nje "uboya" obuboshwe ku-hook. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa ama-spinners amancane asebusika (kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka) nge-hook edayisiwe. Kusukela ezihlahleni zemvelo, izibungu ezihlukahlukene, izibungu, inyama ye-shellfish, inyama yezinhlanzi, kuhlanganise ne-smelt ngokwayo, izinti ze-crab zisetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuluma okusebenzayo, indlela eyinhloko ekukhetheni i-nozzle amandla.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Izinhlanzi zisakazwa kabanzi. Bayibamba emanzini emigodini yolwandle lwasePacific, i-Arctic kanye ne-Atlantic. Izinhlobo ze-Smelt zaziwa ukuthi zihlala emachibini ngaphandle kokufinyelela okuqondile olwandle. Echibini lihlala ekujuleni okuhlukene, lokhu kungenxa yokufuna ukudla kanye nezimo zezulu ezijwayelekile. Petersburg, indawo eyinhloko yokubamba i-smelt yiGulf of Finland. Njengasemadolobheni amaningi aseBaltic, phakathi nenkathi ye-smelt, imibukiso namaholide anikezelwe ukudla le nhlanzi aqhutshwa edolobheni. Njalo ngonyaka, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zoMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo zisusa inqwaba yabathandi be-smelt ezintanjeni zeqhwa ezidatshuliwe. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi aseRussia kusukela eBaltic kuya ePrimorye naseSakhalin. Isibalo sezingozi naso asinciphi.
Ukuzalela
Njengoba sekushiwo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zizala emanzini ahlanzekile. I-fecundity yezinhlanzi iphakeme kakhulu. Ngokuya ngesifunda lapho uhlobo oluhlala khona, izinga lokuvuthwa lingahluka. I-smelt yaseYurophu ivuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni engu-1-2, i-Baltic i-2-4, ne-Siberian eminyakeni engu-5-7. Ukuzala kwenzeka entwasahlobo, isikhathi sokuzala sincike esifundeni nezimo zezulu, iqala ngemuva kokuphuka kweqhwa ekushiseni kwamanzi okungu-4.0 C. Iphunga le-Baltic, ngokuvamile alinyuki phezulu emfuleni, kodwa lizalela amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka emlonyeni. I-caviar enamathelayo inamathiselwe phansi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanzi kuyashesha kakhulu, futhi ekupheleni kwehlobo izingane zigibela olwandle ukuze zizondle.