THEzokuphelelwa umoya abanye balale kubonakala nge ukuyeka ukuphefumula ngokuzenzakalelayo, “i-apneas”, eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala. I-apnea uma ulele ngokuvamile ivela kubantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, asebekhulile, noma abahona kakhulu.

Lezi khefu zokuphefumula zigcina ngokwencazelo ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-10 (futhi zingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-30). Zenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngobusuku, nemvamisa ehlukahlukene. Odokotela bazithatha njengezinkinga uma zingaphezu kuka-5 ngehora. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zenzeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-30 ngehora.

Lawa ma-apneas aphazamisa ukulala futhi aphumela ekubeni ukukhathala uma uvuka izinhlungu zekhanda noma ukozela phakathi nosuku.

Izimbangela

Ezimweni eziningi, i-apneas ibangelwa ukuphumula kolimi kanye nemisipha yomphimbo, engeyona i-tonic eyanele futhi ivimbele ukuhamba komoya ngesikhathi sokuphefumula. ukuphefumula. Ngakho, umuntu uyazama ukuphefumula, kodwa umoya awuhambi ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwemigudu yokuphefumula. Yingakho odokotela bekhuluma nge-obstructive apnea, noma i-obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (SAOS). Lokhu kuphumula okwedlulele kuthinta ikakhulukazi abantu asebekhulile, izicubu zabo ezithambile. Abantu abakhuluphele futhi bathambekele kakhudlwana ekubanjweni kokuphefumula ubuthongo ngenxa yokuthi amafutha amaningi entamo anciphisa izinga lemigudu yokuphefumula.

Kuyaqabukela, i-apneas ibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho, obuyeka ukuthumela “umyalo” wokuphefumula emisipha yokuphefumula. Kulokhu, ngokungafani ne-obstructive apnea, umuntu akenzi noma yimuphi umzamo wokuphefumula. Bese sikhulumazokuphelelwa umoya ukulala okuphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwe-apnea lwenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesimo esibi kakhulu, njengesifo senhliziyo (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo) noma isifo sezinzwa (isibonelo, i-meningitis, isifo sikaParkinson, njll.). Angase futhi avele ngemva kokushaywa unhlangothi noma ekukhuluphaleni kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi okulala, izidakamizwa noma utshwala nakho kuyisici esiyingozi.

Abantu abaningi bane-a I-apnea yokulala "exubile"., ngokushintshana kwe-obstructive kanye ne-apneas emaphakathi.

Ukuvama

Imvamisa yezokuphelelwa umoya abanye balale liphezulu kakhulu: liqhathaniswa nezinye izifo ezingelapheki njengesifuba somoya noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela. I-apnea yokulala ingathinta abantu abadala kanye nezingane, kodwa imvamisa yayo ikhula kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka.

Kuvame kakhulu izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 emadodeni kunakwabesifazane, ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-60. Ngemuva kwale minyaka, imvamisa iyafana kubo bobabili ubulili.⁶.

Isilinganiso sokuvama siyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokuqina elicatshangelwe (inani le-apneas ngehora, likalwa nge-i-apnea-hypopnea index noma i-AHI). Ezinye izifundo eNyakatho Melika zilinganisela imvamisa ye-apnea evimbelayo yokulala (ngaphezu kwama-apneas angu-5 ngehora) ku-24% emadodeni kanye no-9% kwabesifazane. Cishe u-9% wamadoda kanye no-4% wabesifazane banohlobo oluphakathi nendawo olunzima lwe- obstructive sleep apnea syndrome^1,2.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Esikhathini esifushane, i-zokuphelelwa umoya abanye balale kubangela ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukucasuka ... Kungase futhi kumphazamise oshade naye, ngoba ngokuvamile kuhambisana ukuhona okukhulu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma ingelashwa, i-apnea yokulala inemiphumela eminingi yezempilo:

Izifo zenhliziyo. I-apnea yokulala yandisa kakhulu ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingaqondakali ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi ikhefu ngalinye lokuphefumula lidala ukuntula umoya-mpilo wobuchopho (hypoxia), nokuthi ukuvuka okuncane ngakunye kubangela ukwanda komfutho wegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-apneas ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazinjengokuthi: umfutho wegazi ophakeme, unhlangothi, i-myocardial infarction (ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo), i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo (i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo) nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ekugcineni, uma kwenzeka kuba ne-apnea ephawulekayo, ingozi yokufa ngokuzumayo lapho ulele iyakhula.

Ukucindezeleka. Ukuntuleka kokulala, ukukhathala, isidingo sokuthatha isihlwathi, nokozela kuhlotshaniswa nokuphelelwa umoya. Zehlisa izinga lempilo yalabo abathintekile, abavame ukuhlushwa ukucindezeleka nokuhlukaniswa. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luze lwabonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-apnea yokulala kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo kwabesifazane asebekhulile.⁵.

Izingozi. Ukuntuleka kokulala okubangelwa i-apnea kwandisa ingozi yezingozi, ikakhulukazi izingozi emsebenzini nasemgwaqweni. Abantu abane- obstructive sleep apnea syndrome basengozini ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kweziyi-7 okuba sengozini yomgwaqo².

Izinkinga uma kwenzeka ukuhlinzwa. I-apnea yokulala, ikakhulukazi uma ingakatholakali, ingaba yingozi enkulu ye-anesthesia jikelele. Ngempela, ama-anesthetics angagcizelela ukukhululeka kwemisipha yomphimbo futhi ngenxa yalokho i-apnea ibe yimbi kakhulu. Imithi yobuhlungu enikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ingase futhi yandise ingozi ye-apnea enzima.³. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uma uhlushwa i-apnea yokulala.

Ukubonisana nini

Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi iningi labantu abanezokuphelelwa umoya abanye balale angazi. Ngokuvamile, kuba umngane womshado oqaphela ukuba khona kwe-apneas nokuhona. Kutuswa ukuba bonana nodokotela uma:

• ukuhona kwakho kunomsindo futhi kuphazamisa ubuthongo bomlingani wakho;
• uvame ukuvuka ebusuku uzizwa sengathi udonsa kanzima ukuphefumula noma uma uya endlini yokugezela izikhathi eziningana ebusuku;
• umlingani wakho uqaphela ukuthi ukuphefumula kuyema ngenkathi ulele;
• uzizwa ukhathele ekuseni futhi ulala njalo emini. Ukuhlolwa kokulala kwe-Epworth kukala ukuthi ulele kangakanani emini.

Udokotela wakho angase akudlulisele esikhungweni esisebenza ngocwaningo lwe ubuthongo. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa okubizwa i-polysomnography kuzofezeka. Lokhu kuhlola kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukutadisha izigaba ezihlukene zokulala kanye nokukala amapharamitha amaningana ukuze kutholwe i-apnea yokulala nokuhlola ubukhali bazo. Ngokwenza, kufanele uchithe ubusuku esibhedlela noma esikhungweni esikhethekile. Ama-Electrode abekwe ezindaweni ezihlukene emzimbeni ukuze abheke imingcele efana nokusebenza kobuchopho noma kwemisipha, izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphefumula kusebenza kahle) kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. izigaba zokulala. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wazi uma umuntu engena esigabeni sokulala okujulile noma uma i-apneas ikuvimbela lokho.