Shod Row (Tricholoma caligatum) isithombe nencazelo

Umugqa wezicathulo (i-Tricholoma caligatum)

• I-Matsutake
• Umugqa ubonisiwe

• Umugqa onamabala;
• I-Matsutake;
• I-Pine mushroom;
• izimpondo zikaphayini.

IShod Row (Tricholoma caligatum) iyikhowe elidliwayo lomndeni wakwaTricholomov, uhlobo lweRyadovok.

I-Shod row (i-Tricholoma caligatum) nayo yaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elihlukile - i-matsutake. lelikhowe lithela izithelo kahle, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba nzima ukulithola. Into ewukuthi imizimba yezithelo zomugqa onamabala ifihliwe kahle ngaphansi kongqimba lwamaqabunga awile. Ngenxa yobunzima bokuthola izindleko kanye nenani lemizimba ethelayo yomugqa onezicathulo, iphakeme ngendlela engafanele.

Isici esiyisici sesikhunta esichazwe ukutholakala kwemilenze emide futhi etshalwe ngokujulile emhlabathini, ubude bayo bungafinyelela ku-7-10 cm. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womqoki wamakhowe othole imizimba ethela izithelo yomugqa onamabala endleleni yakhe ukukhipha ukhunta enhlabathini ngaphandle kokulimala. Ikhowe alaziwa kahle, kodwa lilungele ukudliwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ububanzi be-cap yemigqa enamabala buhluka phakathi kuka-5-20 cm. Ibonakala ngokuma kwe-semicircular, ukuqina, inyama, emizimbeni yezithelo ezivuthiwe i-flat-convex, ine-tubercle engxenyeni emaphakathi. Umbala we-cap ungaba brownish-chestnut noma brownish-grey. Yonke indawo yayo imbozwe ngezikali ezincane, ezicindezelwe ngokuqinile ezitholakala kungemuva elilula. Ngokuvamile, ebusweni bomzimba wezithelo zomugqa onamabala, izinsalela zeveli evamile ziyabonakala. Unqenqema lwekepisi lekhowe elichazwe libonakala ngombala omhlophe, ukungalingani, kanye nokuzulazula.

Ubude bomlenze wemigqa enamabala buyi-5-12 cm, futhi ububanzi bayo buhluka phakathi kuka-1.5-2.5 cm. Umlenze ngokwawo uphakathi nendawo, unomumo we-cylindrical kanye nama-tapers eduze kwesisekelo. Umbala wesiqu ngaphansi kwendandatho ungaba yimpuphu noma umhlophe, futhi ubuso bawo ngaphansi kwendandatho bumbozwe kakhulu ngezikali ezinombala ofanayo nezikali ezimboze isigqoko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikali ezingaphezulu komlenze zinezindawo ezikhonjiwe, ama-notches.

Indandatho esiqwini se-mushroom ichazwe kahle, ihlanganiswe nenani elikhulu lezikali ngaphandle, futhi imhlophe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi. I-pulp ye-mushroom inephunga elimnandi lezithelo kanye nokunambitheka, elibonakala ngombala omhlophe. I-hymenophore yomugqa onamabala i-lamellar. Amapuleti ekubunjweni kwawo avame ukutholakala, ngokuvamile anamathele ebusweni bomzimba we-fruiting, abe nombala omhlophe. I-spore powder yezinhlobo ezichazwe zesikhunta nayo ibonakala ngombala omhlophe.

Ukugwedla izigqoko kukhula e-coniferous (ikakhulukazi kaphayini), kanye nasemahlathini axubile (e-pine-oak). I-fruiting esebenzayo kakhulu ivela kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba (okungukuthi, kulo lonke ekwindla).

Ukwakheka kwemizimba ethela izithelo yemigqa enamabala kwenzeka ekujuleni okukhulu ngokwanele ezitshalweni ezinjalo emhlabathini. Isiqu saleli khowa sitholakala sijule emhlabathini, ngakho-ke, lapho kuvunwa, amakhowe kufanele ambiwe. Iphunga lokugwedla izicathulo liyinqaba kakhulu, lifana nephunga le-anise. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho umzimba othela izithelo wezinhlobo zamakhowe ezichazwe uvela phezulu, inhlabathi iqala ukuqhekeka kakhulu. Ikhowe elinjalo alivamile ukutholakala ngendlela eyedwa, likhula ikakhulukazi ngamaqembu amakhulu.

Endaweni yeZwe Lethu, imigqa enamabala ikhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yezwe. Ungahlangana naye e-Urals, esifundeni sase-Irkutsk (eMpumalanga yeSiberia), e-Khabarovsk Territory nase-Amur Region. Futhi ku-Primorsky Territory, imigqa yezicathulo ifakwe ku-Red Book. Ikhowe elinjalo alivamile ukutholakala emazweni aseYurophu.

I-Matsutake fruiting yenzeka kakhulu emahlathini kaphayini kanye nengxubevange (pine-oak). Banamandla okwenza i-mycorrhiza ngezihlahla ze-coniferous (ikakhulukazi amaphayini). Akuvamile ukuthi yakhe i-mycorrhiza ngezihlahla ezivuthulukayo, ikakhulukazi ama-oki. Imigqa enamabala ikhetha amasimu amadala kaphayini ngokukhula kwawo. Eduze kwesihlahla se-coniferous, lawa makhowe enza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imibuthano yabathakathi, eqoqana ngamakoloni amakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imigqa enamabala icasha ngobuchule ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ezihlahla ezimile eduze kwamaphayini. Ikhowe elichaziwe lincamela ukukhula emhlabathini owomile, ongavundile kakhulu. Iqoqo lemigqa enamabala alikhuli endaweni eyodwa isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.

Imigqa yezicathulo - amakhowe aqinile, ngakho-ke anika isivuno kuphela lapho izimo zezulu ezithile zisungulwa. Ukuze ukuvunwa kwemigqa yezicathulo kube kuhle, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lasemini lingeqi ku-26 ºC, futhi izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lingehli ngaphansi kuka-15 ºC. Esinye isimo esibalulekile sokukhula kwe-matsutake imvula engaphezu kuka-20 mm phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-100 ezedlule. Uma izimo zezulu ezifanele zidalwe ekupheleni kwehlobo, khona-ke ukuthela kwemigqa enamabala kungenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-August.

I-Shod row (i-Tricholoma caligatum) ingeyenombolo yamakhowe adliwayo, futhi inokunambitheka okuhle. Yaziswa kakhulu ikakhulukazi eJapan nasemazweni aseMpumalanga. Le mushroom ingathoswa, kuyilapho ukwelashwa kokushisa kuqeda i-aftertaste engathandeki, kushiya kuphela ukunambitheka okumnandi. Umugqa omuhle uyisicathulo nowokukhetha. Amanye ama-gourmets aqaphela ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zemigqa zine-flavour eqinile yepheya. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukwakheka kohlobo oluchaziwe lwemigqa kuqukethe i-antibiotic ekhethekile, nezinye izinto ezilwa ne-antitumor. Ukusebenza kwabo kufakazelwe ngezifundo zamagundane amhlophe. E-Ussuriysky Reserve, leli khowa livikelwe, kanye naseKedrovaya Lad Reserve. Ukuba khona kwezindawo zokwelapha ku-rowweed enamabala kwenza leli khowe libe yigugu kakhulu eJapane, lapho lisetshenziselwa khona kakhulu ukudla. Akukwazi nje ukucwiliswa futhi kubiliswe, kodwa futhi nosawoti. Imigqa enamachashaza afakwe emanzini anosawoti aminyene kakhulu futhi acwebile.

EJapane nakwamanye amazwe asempumalanga, imigqa enamabala iyatshalwa. Amanye ama-gourmets aphawula ukuthi le mushroom ine-aftertaste ebabayo, futhi ukunambitheka kuyimpuphu noma ushizi.