Okuqukethwe
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lapho umzimba ugcwele amavithamini, uyoba nempilo enhle, namasosha omzimba nawo azoqina. Kodwa, ukuchichima ngokweqile kwezinye zazo kungaba nomthelela omubi, yingakho ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene eqala ukukhula.
Amavithamini atholwa emhlabeni yindoda egama layo linguLinus Pauling, owayekholelwa emandleni awo ayisimangaliso. Isibonelo, wathi i-ascorbic acid iyakwazi ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezicubu ezinomdlavuza. Kodwa kuze kube manje, ososayensi baye bafakazela umphumela wabo ohluke ngokuphelele.
Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi oluye lwaphikisa okushiwo nguPauling kokuthi uvithamini C uzovikela ezifweni zokuphefumula kanye nomdlavuza. Imisebenzi yanamuhla yososayensi ifakazele ukuthi izinto eziningi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu zithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies engathi sína kanye ne-oncology.
Ukuqoqwa kwabo kungenzeka uma umuntu ethatha amalungiselelo amavithamini okwenziwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamavithamini okwenziwa ngeke kusekele umzimba
Kube nezifundo eziningi eziye zafakazela ukuthi amavithamini anjalo awadingeki kumuntu, ngoba akukho nzuzo kuwo. Kodwa-ke, zinganikezwa isiguli esingahambisani nezinga elidingekayo lokudla okunempilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukweqisa kungaba nomthelela omubi kumaseli omzimba futhi kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
UPauling, owathatha imithamo emikhulu ye-ascorbic acid, wabulawa umdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Kwenzeka okufanayo nakumkakhe, okwatholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wesisu (naye wadla imithamo emikhulu kavithamini C).
Ukwelapha okuyisimangaliso kuzo zonke izifo
Ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi abantu bathatha i-ascorbic acid, ngisho noma sasingekho isidingo esiphuthumayo sayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kocwaningo lwezokwelapha olukhulu kakhulu lwesikhathi sethu (umsebenzi wochwepheshe bezokwelapha baseMelika abavela eNyuvesi yaseNew York), owahlola imisebenzi eminingi yesayensi ngamavithamini aqhutshwa kusukela ngo-1940 kuya ku-2005, kwatholakala ukuthi i-vitamin C ayisizi ukwelapha imikhuhlane nezinye. izifo ezihlobene. I-pathology naye. Zonke izitatimende ezishiwo ngalokhu ziyinganekwane nje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalobi balolu cwaningo bayaqaphela ukuthi umuthi akufanele usetshenziswe njengendlela yokuvimbela, ngoba umphumela walokhu uhlala ungabaza.
Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo lwakamuva, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ifomu lethebhulethi le-vitamin C liholela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile. Umphumela walokhu amatshe ezinso kanye nokuvela kohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-2013, i-American Health Association yancoma ukuthi iziguli ezinomdlavuza ziyeke ukuthatha umuthi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthi imiphumela yocwaningo iveze ukuthi le ejenti ethile igxile kumaseli omdlavuza.
Asikho isidingo sokwethuka
Njengoba wazi, amavithamini B asiza ukuthulisa imizwa. Zingatholakala ekudleni okuningi, ngakho-ke uma umuntu enokudla okunomsoco, atholakala ngobuningi obanele. Asikho isidingo sokuthatha amalungiselelo amavithamini okwenziwa. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, abaningi basathatha lezi zinto ngendlela yamaphilisi. Nakuba kungenamsebenzi ngokuphelele. Basho kanjalo ososayensi be-US National Institutes of Health, abasanda kwenza ucwaningo.
Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo, ungakwazi ukuqoqa i-vitamin B emzimbeni ngokweqile, okungenakushiwo ngokudla. Uma inani layo lidlula okujwayelekile, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kahle ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi kungenzeka. Ososayensi baxwayisa ngokuthi ingozi yokukhubazeka ingxenye iphezulu. Okuyingozi kakhulu ukuthatha i-vitamin B6, futhi iyingxenye cishe yawo wonke ama-multivitamin complexes.
Umuthi onomphumela ophambene
I-Beta-carotene kanye ne-vitamin A (amanye ama-antioxidants amaningi) ayebhekwa njengokuvimbela okuhle komdlavuza. Bakhuthazwe ngokuzithandela yizinkampani ezithaka imithi.
Kube nezifundo eminyakeni edlule ezihlulekile ukufakazela lokhu. Imiphumela yabo yabonisa okuphambene ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-US National Cancer Institute yahlaziya ababhemayo abathatha uvithamini A nalabo ababengawusebenzisi.
Esimweni sokuqala, kwatholakala ukuthi abantu abaningi banomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Okwesibili, ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza yayincane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukweqisa kwezinto emzimbeni kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwamasosha omzimba. Ezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-antioxidant paradox".
Ucwaningo olufanayo lwenziwe nabantu abahlobene ne-asbestos. Njengabantu ababhemayo, labo abathatha i-beta-carotene novithamini A babesengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo.
I-Antivitamin
Kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-vitamin E inganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza, kodwa izifundo zamuva ziye zafakazela ngenye indlela. Umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe weminyaka eyishumi wososayensi basemanyuvesi amathathu aseCalifornia, eBaltimore naseCleveland, ababheke izifundo ezingama-35, unikeze umphumela ongajwayelekile.
Kuvele ukuthi ukudla njalo uvithamini E ngobuningi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe baseMayo Clinic, e-Minnesota, bafakazele ukuthi ukuchichima kwalesi sidakamizwa kubangela ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubantu abanezifo ezihlukahlukene (ubulili neminyaka akusho lutho).
I-Vitamin ne-mineral complex
Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, amaphilisi aqukethe yonke i-vitamin ne-mineral complex abhekwa njengekhambi lazo zonke izifo. Nokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi akunjalo nhlobo.
Ochwepheshe baseFinland, abaqaphela abesifazane abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane iminyaka engu-25 abathatha i-multivitamin complex, bathola ukuthi phakathi kwabo ingozi yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi iyanda. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyizifo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa ukweqisa kwevithamini B6, insimbi, i-zinc, i-magnesium ne-folic acid emzimbeni.
Kodwa ochwepheshe baseNyuvesi yaseCleveland bathole iqiniso lokuthi amagremu angu-100 esipinashi esisha anezingxenye eziwusizo kakhulu kunethebhulethi eyodwa ye-multivitamin complex.
Kusukela kulokhu osekushiwo, singaphetha ngokuthi kungcono ukungathathi noma yiziphi izidakamizwa zokwenziwa. Konke okudingekayo emzimbeni womuntu kusekudleni okuvamile. Amavithamini adingeka kuphela ezigulini ezigula kakhulu ezimeni eziphuthumayo.