Okuqukethwe
Ubuthakathaka bemisipha kubantu asebekhulile buhlobene ngokuqondile nenqubo yokuguga emzimbeni. Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi bezama ukuthola umsuka wokuguga kwezicubu zomuntu (i-sarcopenia), futhi muva nje baphumelele. Ochwepheshe bachaza ngokuningiliziwe imiphumela yocwaningo lwabo emaphepheni esayensi.
Ingqikithi nemiphumela yocwaningo lososayensi baseSweden
Izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ezivela eNyuvesi yaseCarolingian zikholelwa ukuthi ukuguga kwemisipha kuhlotshaniswa nokuqoqwa kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuma-stem cells. Ngenkathi befunda izici zomzimba womuntu, baveze lokhu okulandelayo: ku-stem cell cell cell, inani elikhulu lezinguquko liqoqana. Lapho ufinyelela iminyaka yobudala engama-60-70, ukukhubazeka ku-DNA kubonakala njengomphumela ohlangothini wokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli emisipha. Kuze kube yile minyaka, cishe ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo eziyinkulungwane ezingu-1 kunganqwabelana.
Ebusheni, i-nucleic acid ibuyiselwa, kodwa ekugugeni ayikho indlela yokuvuselela. Okuvikeleke kakhulu yizingxenye zesethi ye-chromosome, ezibhekele isimo samaseli. Kodwa ngemva kwama-40 njalo ngonyaka isivikelo siba buthaka.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zifuna ukuthola ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kungathinta yini i-pathology. Muva nje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi imidlalo isiza ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana alimele, ikhuthaze ukuzivuselela kwezicubu zemisipha. Kungakho ochwepheshe baseSweden behlose ukuthola ukuthi banganciphisa kanjani ubuthakathaka obuhlobene neminyaka.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngososayensi abavela eMelika naseDenmark
Ochwepheshe abavela e-United States of America naseDenmark bakwazi ukusho izimbangela ze-sarcopenia kogogo nomkhulu. Baphinde bathola indlela yokunciphisa inqubo yokuguga yezicubu zemisipha. Asebekhulile (isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-70-72) kanye nabantu abasha (kusukela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-23) babambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni. Izifundo kwakungamadoda angama-30.
Ekuqaleni kokuhlolwa, amasampula ezicubu zemisipha ezivela ethangeni athathwe kubameleli bobulili obunamandla. Abalobi bomsebenzi wesayensi bavimbela izitho ezingezansi zabahlanganyeli ngemishini ekhethekile yokulungisa izinsuku ezingu-14 (i-muscle atrophy yahlelwa). Ngemuva kokuthi ososayensi bewususile lo mshini, kwadingeka ukuthi amadoda enze uchungechunge lokuzivocavoca. Ukunyakaza kwakufanele kusize ukubuyisela isisindo semisipha. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu zokuqeqeshwa nezifundo, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zanquma ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu futhi. Ngemva kwamasonto angu-3,5, amadoda aphinde eza ukuze kwenziwe inqubo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamasampula kubonise ukuthi ekuqaleni kocwaningo, abafana abancane babenamaseli we-stem aphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 ezicutshini zabo kunabantu abadala. Ngemuva kwe-atrophy yokwenziwa, igebe phakathi kwezinkomba landa izikhathi ezi-4. Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi kubahlanganyeli asebekhulile ekuhlolweni, ama-stem cells emisipha ayengasebenzi sonke lesi sikhathi. Futhi, emadodeni eneminyaka engu-70, ukusabela kokuvuvukala kanye nezibazi zezicubu kwaqala.
Imiphumela yocwaningo iphinde yafakazela ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu abadala banyakaze, njengoba ukungasebenzi isikhathi eside kuthinta kabi ikhono lemisipha yokuzivuselela.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa izazi ze-physiologists zaseColombia
Ososayensi baseColombia baye banquma ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokomzimba, amathambo omuntu aqala ukukhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-osteocalcin (ngosizo lwayo, ukusebenza kwemisipha kuyakhula). Lapho efinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kwabesifazane neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emadodeni, le hormone cishe ayikhiqizwa.
Imisebenzi yezemidlalo yandisa inani le-osteocalcin egazini. Ochwepheshe bathatha izivivinyo ezilwaneni futhi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kumagundane (ubudala - izinyanga ezingu-3) ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone egazini kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4 kunamagundane anezinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izilwane zazigijima nsuku zonke kusukela emaminithini angu-40 kuya kwangu-45. Abantu abasha bagijime cishe amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,2, amagundane amadala akwazi ukugijima amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600 ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukuze ufakazele ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko enquma ukukhuthazela kwezicubu ze-muscle i-osteocalcin, abalobi bomsebenzi wesayensi benza ucwaningo ngezilwane eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo (umzimba wamagundane awuzange ukhiqize ngokwanele i-hormone). Amagundane amadala akwazi ukunqoba kuphela u-20-30% webanga elidingekayo kunabantu abasha. Lapho i-hormone ijova ezilwaneni ezikhulile, ukusebenza kwezicubu zemisipha kwabuyiselwa ezingeni lamagundane anezinyanga ezintathu ubudala.
Izazi ze-physiologists zenze isifaniso nabantu futhi zathola ukuthi inani le-osteocalcin egazini lomuntu liyancipha futhi ngokukhula. Banesiqiniseko sokuthi i-sarcopenia kwabesifazane iqala kakhulu kunamadoda. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kwatholakala ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko we-hormone ukusiza imisipha ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokomzimba isikhathi eside. Ngale nto, kukhona ukumuncwa okusheshayo kwamafutha acid kanye ne-glucose ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
Ososayensi bayeluleka ngemva kweminyaka engu-40 ukuthi bakhethe ukuvivinya umzimba nokuqina. Ukuqeqesha izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto kuzosiza ukugcina ithoni ye-muscle, kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezicubu ezintsha ze-muscle. Ukuze ungalimali, ungasishayi indiva iseluleko somqeqeshi womuntu siqu.
Ukuqinisa imisipha nokudla
Ukuqeqeshwa kwemisipha kutholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ukubhukuda, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, ukwenza i-yoga, ukuhamba. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukunyakaza, okufanele kube njalo kubantu asebekhulile. Izivivinyo zokuphefumula zibhekwa njengempumelelo.
Isethi ephumelelayo yokuzivocavoca ihlanganisa: ukukhama nokuhlanza izandla, ukugoba kancane kancane futhi ukudonsa amadolo esifubeni ngezandla, ukuzungeza amahlombe ukuya phambili nangemuva, ukuzungeza izinyawo, kanye nokutshekela emaceleni nokuguqula umzimba. Ukuzibhucunga kuzoba nomthelela omuhle emisipha.
Ukulungiswa kokudla okunomsoco kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kufanele kufake ukudla, okuhlanganisa amaprotheni amaningi (i-cottage shizi, amaqanda, isifuba sezinkukhu, i-squid, ama-shrimp, inhlanzi ebomvu). Ukudla kufanele kube njalo - kusuka izikhathi ezi-5 kuye kwezi-6 ngosuku. Isazi sokudla okunempilo sizokusiza ukuthi udale imenyu enempilo izinsuku eziyi-7. Abantu asebekhulile kufanele basebenzise ama-vitamin complexes, okuzobekwa udokotela oya khona kumuntu ngamunye.