Amagama ezinhlanzi ze-Salmon anezithombe, izici zezinhlobo

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-salmon zingezinye zezakhamuzi ezinkulu kakhulu olwandle lwasePacific ne-Atlantic, kanye namachibi amanzi ahlanzekile atholakala enyakatho nenkabazwe. Abameleli abadume kakhulu nabahlala bevela kulo mndeni yizinhlanzi ezinjenge-trout, i-salmon, i-salmon e-pink, i-chum salmon, i-salmon, i-coho salmon, i-seal, i-whitefish, i-salmon ye-sockeye nabanye. Lezi zinhlanzi zibonakala ngezici zokunambitheka okuphawulekayo. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, inyama yabo isetshenziselwa ukupheka ukuze kulungiswe kokubili izitsha ezivamile, ezivamile, kanye nokulungiselela izitsha ezimnandi ze-haute cuisine, njengokuphakelwa ematafuleni emikhosi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-salmon iwumthombo we-delicacy efana ne-red caviar.

Lesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezici zempilo ye-salmon, indlela yabo yokuphila, mayelana nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo kanye nokudoba le nhlanzi.

Izincazelo zezinhlanzi zomndeni we-salmon

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-salmon, yona, ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo eziningana, njenge-salmon, i-grayling ne-whitefish.

ukubukeka

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, kwavela uhlobo olufanayo lwezinhlanzi ngesikhathi seCretaceous senkathi yeMesozoic. Njengamanje, i-salmon, ngokubukeka kwayo, ifana ne-herring. I-Salmon, kuye ngohlobo, ingakhula ngobude ukusuka kumashumi amaningana amasentimitha ukuya ku-2 m, noma ngisho no-2,5 m. Omunye wabameleli abade kakhulu balolu hlobo yi-whitefish. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisindo sabo singaba namashumi amaningana e-kg.

Izibonelo ze-chinook, taimen noma i-salmon zifinyelela isisindo esingama-60 kuya ku-100 kg. I-Salmon iphila isikhathi esifushane, cishe iminyaka eyi-10 ngokwesilinganiso, nakuba abantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu bangatholakala, isibonelo, i-taimen iphila iminyaka engaba ngu-50.

Umndeni we-salmon uhlukaniswa ngokuphishekela futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, umzimba ocindezelwe eceleni, lapho izikali eziyindilinga zitholakala khona. Amaphiko atholakala phakathi nesisu. Bangakwazi ukuhlukaniswa kalula kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ngokuba khona kwe-fin encane ye-adipose. Kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi, isinye somoya sixhunywe kumphimbo, futhi uhlaka lwamathambo alunawo amathambo njengakwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Isibonelo, ugebhezi alwenziwa ngethambo eliqinile, kodwa uqwanga.

habitat

Abameleli bohlobo lwe-salmon bahlala emanzini anosawoti namanzi amasha. Imithombo yamanzi anosawoti izilwandle nezilwandle, kanti imifula ingamanzi ahlanzekile. Bahlala emanzini ahlanzekile ezwekazi laseNyakatho Afrika, kanye nezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, ngobuningi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-salmonid akhetha izimo ze-hemisphere ebandayo. Ngokuqondene ne-hemisphere efudumele, i-salmon ingatholakala kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokuzalanisa okwenziwa. E-Russia, ama-salmonids atholakala eMpumalanga Ekude, eKamchatka, eduze kwaseKuril Islands naseSakhalin. Kukulezi zindawo lapho bebambe khona izimboni zalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi.

Ukuzalela

Abameleli balolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, ezihlala olwandle nolwandle ngokwemvelo, bathuthela emifuleni enamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphambi kokuzalela. Njengoba isemifuleni, ngalesi sikhathi i-salmon ithola isimo sezinhlanzi ezifudukayo. Ezinye zalezi zilwane ekuqaleni zingahlala emanzini ahlanzekile, okungukuthi emachibini. Okujabulisa kakhulu wukuthi zisuke ziyozala kulezo zindawo ezazalelwa kuzo kuqala. I-Salmon izala ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wezimpilo zabo. Elinye iqiniso elithakazelisa kakhulu ezimpilweni zabo: baya ezindaweni zokuzala okokuqala ngqa empilweni yabo. Ngemva kokuba izinhlanzi sezizalele, zonke ziyafa, ngaleyo ndlela zibe isizinda sokudla sezilwane eziningi ezihlala ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo. Indlela enjalo yokuphila ilandelwa ama-salmonid ahlala oLwandlekazini iPacific, njenge-salmon e-pink, i-chum salmon, i-sockeye salmon, njll. Ngokuqondene ne-salmon ehlala oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, akubona bonke abantu abafa ngemva kokuzala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye abantu babekela amaqanda okungenani izikhathi ezingu-4-5 phakathi nenkathi yokuphila kwabo.

Ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuzala, i-salmon iba nezinguquko ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ngokwemibala. Abantu bayakhanya, bahlotshiswe ngamachashaza abomvu noma amnyama, kanye namafomu e-hump kwabesilisa. I-salmon e-pink yathola igama layo ngokusekelwe kuleli qiniso. Naphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukushintsha imibala yazo, kuye ngokuthi izimo zemvelo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-salmon namagama azo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, ngakho-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukukhuluma ngazo zonke, kodwa kunengqondo ukukhuluma ngezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezithandwa kakhulu ezinomehluko othize.

Uhlobo lwenhlanzi

I-Salmon ibizwa nangokuthi i-salmon "enyakatho" noma "ehloniphekile". I-Salmon ingenye yezinhlanzi eziyigugu kakhulu kulo mndeni. Ihlukaniswa ngenyama emnandi nethambile, equkethe inani elanele lamavithamini namaminerali. Isibalo sabantu esivame kakhulu esoLwandle Olumhlophe.

Umzimba wayo, osuka ku-1 kuye ku-1,5 wamamitha ubude, umbozwe ngezikali ze-hue yesiliva, ngaphandle kwamachashaza ayingxenye yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-salmon ezinhlangothini. Ukudla kwe-salmon kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokuzala okusebenzayo uyenqaba ukudla. Lapho ama-salmon efika lapho azalela khona, angabonakala ngamachashaza agqamile abomvu noma awolintshi avela emzimbeni wenhlanzi.

I-pink salmon

Kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa i-salmon e-pink kwabanye abameleli balolu hlobo ngezikali ezincane kakhulu ze-hue yesiliva, kanye nokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamabala endaweni yomsila. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, i-salmon e-pink ishintsha kakhulu ukubukeka kwayo, kanye nombala. Ezisikazi ziba mnyama, ikakhulukazi ikhanda nezimpiko, kanti abesilisa bakhula amazinyo bese kuba neqhubu emhlane.

I-salmon e-pink ikhula ibe ngu-65-70 cm ubude, ayisekho. Indawo yokuhlala - Pacific Ocean kanye ne-Atlantic. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, i-salmon ebomvana ingena emifuleni, kokubili ezweni laseNyakatho Melika naseSiberia yaseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayiphakamisi kude ngokumelene nomsinga.

I-salmon e-pink ine-caviar enkulu, efinyelela usayizi we-5 kuya ku-8 mm. Ngemva kokuzala, zonke izinhlanzi ziyafa. I-salmon e-pink iqala ukuzala lapho eneminyaka emithathu noma emine. Ukudla kwe-salmon e-pink kuhlanganisa izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-mollusk nama-crustaceans. Ngokusho kososayensi abaningi, i-salmon e-pink iyinhlanzi ethanda ukushisa, njengoba ingena ezindaweni zasebusika, lapho amanzi engapholi ngaphansi kuka-+5 degrees. I-salmon e-pink ingeyezinhlobo ezibalulekile zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo futhi ibhekwa njengokudla kwasolwandle okwaziwayo emhlabeni wonke. Bazama ukuzalanisa i-salmon e-pink kwezinye izindawo zamanzi, kodwa ayizange izimpande.

I-Keta

I-Ketu nayo ingabizwa ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidume kakhulu. Ibonakala ngombala oyisiliva ngaphandle kwemithende noma amabala angaphandle. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ithola umbala ocishe ube mnyama. Ingatholakala oLwandlekazi iPacific, futhi ukuze izale ifika ezindaweni zayo, ezitholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme zemifula yaseSiberia njengeKolyma, Lena, Yana, Amur nabanye.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zale nhlanzi:

• ikwindla, njengenkulu kunazo zonke, cishe ubude obuyi-1 m.
• ehlobo, hhayi ngaphezu kuka-70-80 cm ubude.

I-Chum salmon ine-caviar enkulu kakhulu (7-8 mm) futhi iyinhlobo ebalulekile yokuhweba.

I-salmon ebomvu

I-salmon ye-Sockeye ivame kakhulu e-Pacific Ocean, kodwa ayidumile kakhulu eRussia, njengoba ivame ukubanjwa ogwini lwase-Asia noma ogwini lwase-Alaska. I-salmon ye-Sockeye ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lama-gill rakers, kanye nombala obomvu obomvu wenyama, uma kuqhathaniswa nenyama yezinye i-salmon. Zinombala opinki othambile.

Une-caviar encane (4-5 mm), uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-salmon. Ikhula ibe ngu-70-80 cm ubude. I-salmon ye-sockeye idla ama-crustaceans amancane. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-sockeye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezingaphansi zizala ngezikhathi ezahlukene:

• intwasahlobo;
• ehlobo noma ekwindla.

Eyani

Indawo eyinhloko yale nhlanzi uLwandlekazi iPacific, kanti i-coho salmon izalela emanzini ezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. I-salmon ye-coho inezikali ezisiliva zomthunzi okhanyayo, yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi "i-salmon yesiliva". Ngokuyisisekelo, i-coho coho ikhula ifike ku-60 cm ubude, nakuba kukhona abantu abangafika ku-80 cm ngosayizi. I-coho salmon izala kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuMashi, okungabonakala ngokuba khona kweqhwa ebusweni bechibi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane nabesilisa bashintsha umbala wabo ube umbala obomvu klebhu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-coho salmon ibhekwa njengenhlanzi ethanda ukushisa, njengoba ingena ebusika ezindaweni lapho amanzi engapholi ngaphansi kuka-+5 ° C, futhi kwezinye izindawo ngisho no-+9 ° C.

Chinook

Kubhekwa njengenhlanzi eyigugu kakhulu yomndeni we-salmon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhekwa ummeleli wabo omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ingakwazi ukuzuza isisindo kufika ku-50 kg, nobude obungama-80-90 cm. Ingahlukaniswa ngemisebe yayo ye-gill, ekwazi ukubala okungenani ishumi nanhlanu.

Ingatholakala eduze nezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, kuyilapho ingazalela emifuleni yaseMpumalanga Ekude. I-salmon ye-Chinook izala kulo lonke ihlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi yenza ama-depressions ngaphansi ngomsila wayo futhi izalele amaqanda. I-Chinook salmon iphila okungenani iminyaka eyisikhombisa, kuyilapho isilinganiso sayo sokuphila siyiminyaka emi-4-5. I-Chinook salmon idla izinhlanzi ezincane. I-salmon ye-Chinook inenyama ebomvu enomsoco, ngakho-ke, ibanjwe ngobuningi.

I-bathrobe

Le nhlanzi, etholakala e-Russian Baltic, Black, White and Aral Seas, ibizwa nangokuthi i-salmon - taimen. Ithathwa njengenhlanzi ye-anadromous futhi iya ezindaweni zokuzalela ezisemifuleni yaseYurophu. Zikhula zifinyelele ku-47 cm ubude, zifinyelele kusuka kumakhilogremu amabili kuya kwamahlanu esisindo. Naphezu kwalokhu, ungathola ama-specimens ngamanye anesisindo esingafika ku-15 kg. I-trout ensundu nayo ibanjwa ngokudayisa ngenxa yenyama emnandi nenempilo. I-trout ensundu ikhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila ethokozisayo: iqala ukuzala ezindaweni eziphakeme zemifula, ayifuduki ezindaweni ezikude, ikhetha izindawo ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, lapho ichitha khona isikhathi esiningi sokuba khona kwayo.

I-trout ensundu, etholakala e-Azov nase-Black Seas, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-salmon yoLwandle Olumnyama".

I-Whitefish

Ingummeleli omncane womndeni we-salmon, ongatholakala kokubili usawoti namanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila se-whitefish yiminyaka engu-7-10. Nakuba kukhona abantu abaye baphila iminyaka engamashumi amabili futhi bakhule ngobude bafinyelela ku-50 cm.

Inhlanzi inombala osiliva kanye namaphiko amnyama. Njengomthetho, kuhlukaniswa ama-subspecies amaningana we-whitefish, ahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isici esisodwa se-whitefish kufanele sikhululwe: banenyama emhlophe, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abameleli be-salmon.

UNelma

UNelma ungowomndeni we-whitefish, kodwa, ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo zalo mndeni omncane, ingakhula ibe amamitha angu-1,3 ubude, nesisindo esingaba ngu-30 kg.

Le nhlanzi ayiwathandi amanzi anosawoti, futhi itholakala ikakhulukazi emifuleni ye-hemisphere ebandayo. Uma eya olwandle, uzama ukunamathela ezindaweni ezinosawoti endaweni yamanzi. Inentshisekelo yokuhweba, njengoba ibonakala ngenyama emnandi futhi enomsoco.

I-Taimen

Le nhlanzi ihlukaniswe yaba yi-sakhalin, i-Korean ne-Danube taimen. Lezi zinhlobo ziyehluka ngokubukeka ngenxa yezimo ezithile zokuhlala. I-taimen evamile, njengomthetho, itholakala emfuleni i-Amur nasemachibini amakhulu. Ihlukile ku-Danubian congener enanini elincane lama-stamens kumagill.

I-Sakhalin taimen iyinhlanzi ye-anadromous. Ingakhula ibe imitha ubude, kuyilapho ithola isisindo kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-30 ​​kilogram. I-Taimen iyinhlanzi ebalulekile yokuhweba. Idla izinhlanzi ezincane.

I-Lenok

I-Lenok ihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama, onombala osagolide. Izalela i-caviar encane, futhi ngokubukeka kwayo ifana ne-whitefish.

Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lutholakala emifuleni yaseMpumalanga Ekude, kanye naseSiberia. Ukudla kwayo kuhlanganisa izibungu zezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-salmon, i-lenok iphakathi kwezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo.

Ithrawuthi

Ubani ongakaze ezwe nge-trout? Lo mmeleli we-salmon genus uhlala emachibini amakhulu, njenge-Onega neLadoshskoe. I-Trout ingatholakala e-Karelia nase-White Sea naseBaltic.

Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, i-brook (evamile) ne-lake trout iyahlukaniswa. Le nhlanzi ithanda amachibi amanzi ahlanzekile anamanzi acwebile nabandayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingaba nombala ongavamile. I-trout izala ekwindla nasebusika. I-trout idla ukudla okunhlobonhlobo, kusukela ezibungwini zezinambuzane kuya kwezinhlanzi ezincane.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-trout:

• i-alpine;
• IsiScottish;
• YaseYurophu;
• American, njll.

I-trout igqama ngenyama yayo emnandi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ibanjelwa ukuthengisa. Kanye nezinhlanzi ezidotshwa yizimboni, i-trout iphinde ikhuliswe endaweni yokugcina amanzi ngokwesilinganiso sezimboni. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi luyinto yokudoba, kokubili ama-anglers amateur kanye nama-anglers-sportsmen.

Ishkhan

Le nhlanzi itholakala eLake Sevan futhi isho “isikhulu” ekuhumusheni. Ukuzala kwe-Ishkhan kwenzeka esikhathini esithile sonyaka. Umbala wazo ojwayelekile uyisiliva, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuzala, inhlanzi ishintsha umbala wayo ube mnyama, ibe namabala abomvu agqamile avela emzimbeni womuntu. I-Ishkhan izalela phansi echibini. Abantu ngabanye bathola isisindo esingu-15 kg, kodwa isilinganiso sobukhulu bale nhlanzi singaphakathi kuka-30 cm, nesisindo esingaba ingxenye yekhilogremu. I-Ishkhan iqukethe inyama ekhangayo kakhulu, lapho ungapheka khona izibiliboco zangempela.

Umndeni wama-salmon unenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlonishwa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwazo okuhle kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo ziyi-anadromous, kanti ezinye zingamanzi ahlanzekile, kodwa zonke zibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo.