Esifundeni ngasinye esizibiza ngokuthi yiBuddhism, igama leholide lizwakala ngendlela ehlukile. AmaBuryat aneSagaalgan, amaMongol namaKalmyks aneTsagaan Sar, amaTuvan aneShagaa, kanti ama-Altaian aseNingizimu aneChaga Bairam.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi iSagaalgan 2023 izogujwa kanjani ngokwekhalenda le-lunisolar Ezweni Lethu nasemhlabeni. Ake sithinte umlando woNyaka Omusha WamaBuddha, amasiko awo, ukuthi imigubho ihluke kanjani ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe lakithi naphesheya.
Igujwa nini iSagaalgan ngo-2023
Iholide leNyanga Emhlophe linosuku oluntantayo. Usuku lokuthwasa kwenyanga, usuku olwandulela i-Sagaalgan, luba ngoFebhuwari kulo lonke ikhulunyaka lika-2006. Kuleli khulu leminyaka, ezimweni ezimbalwa kuphela lapho iSagaalgan iwela khona ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, izinsuku zayo zokugcina. Okokugcina iholidi enyangeni yokuqala yonyaka ngokwekhalenda likaGregory laligujwa ngo-30, labe seliwela ngoJanuwari XNUMX.
Ebusika obuzayo, iholide leNyanga Emhlophe - i-Sagaalgan 2023 Ezweni Lethu kanye nomhlaba uba ekupheleni kobusika. Kuzogujwa uNyaka Omusha wamaBuddha Februwari 20.
umlando weholide
Iholide le-Sagaalgan laziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi linemvelaphi yalo ezinkolelweni zenkolo. ISagaalgan yaqala ukugujwa kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX eChina, kwase kuba seMongolia. Ezweni Lethu, ngokusungulwa kwekhalenda likaGregory, iSagaalgan ayizange igujwe njengesiqalo soNyaka Omusha, kodwa amasiko endabuko yamaBuddha ahlobene nalolu suku agcinwa.
Ukuvuselelwa kweholide leNyanga Emhlophe kwaqala Ezweni Lethu ngeminyaka yama-90s. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amasiko okugubha i-Sagaalgan agcinwe kuze kube maphakathi no-20 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isimo seholide likazwelonke satholwa muva nje. Endaweni yaseBuryatia, i-Trans-Baikal Territory, i-Aginsky kanye ne-Ust-Orda Buryat, usuku lokuqala lwe-Sagaalgan (uNyaka Omusha) kuthiwa luwusuku lokuphumula. Kusukela ngo-2004, iSagaalgan ibithathwa njengeholide likazwelonke eKalmykia. Futhi, "iholide lesintu" uShaag ligujwa eTyva. Ngo-2013, i-Chaga Bayram nayo yamenyezelwa njengosuku olungasebenzi eRiphabhulikhi yase-Altai.
I-Sagaalgan nayo igujwa eMongolia. Kodwa e-China, awukho uNyaka Omusha WamaBuddha phakathi kwamaholide asemthethweni. Kodwa-ke, uNyaka Omusha WaseShayina, owaziwa kakhulu ezweni lakithi nasemhlabeni wonke, kokubili ngokwezinsuku zawo (ekupheleni kukaJanuwari - ingxenye yokuqala kaFebhuwari), futhi emasikweni awo ngokuvamile ahambisana neSagaalgan.
In 2011, Sagaalgan was included in the UNESCO Intangible Heritage List. The Mongolian Tsagaan Sar, like our New Year, has its own talisman animal. According to the Buddhist calendar, 2022 is the year of the Black Tiger, 2023 will be the year of the Black Rabbit. In addition to the regions where Buddhism is the dominant religion, Mongolia and China, the New Year according to the new lunar calendar is celebrated in some parts of India and Tibet.
Amasiko amaholide
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweholide, amaBuryats abeka izindlu zawo ngokuhlelekile. Babeka iminikelo yobisi nenyama, kodwa kunconywa ukuba ugweme ukudla ukudla ngokwako - "njengokuzila" kosuku olulodwa. Uma kuphela, itafula liphethwe yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukudla okumhlophe" kwemikhiqizo yobisi. Yiqiniso, kunemikhiqizo yenyama yewundlu, amaswidi, iziphuzo zezithelo ezivela kumajikijolo asendle. Ngosuku lokuqala lwe-Sagaalgan, uBuryats uhalalisela abathandekayo babo, abazali ngokuvumelana nesimiso esikhethekile se-Buryat kazwelonke. Ukushintshisana ngezipho kufanele kwenziwe kugqoko lwendabuko. Ngosuku lwesibili lweholide, ukuvakashela izihlobo ezikude kakhulu kuqala. Lesi yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu esizukulwaneni esisha. Wonke umntwana womndeni wakwaBuryat unesibopho sokwazi umndeni wakhe kuze kube sesizukulwaneni sesikhombisa. Abanolwazi kakhulu bayisa phambili. I-Buryats ayenzi ngaphandle kwemidlalo yabantu nokuzijabulisa.
EMongolia yanamuhla, "ngeholide leNyanga Emhlophe" - i-Tsagan Sar - abantu abasha bagqoka izingubo ezinhle ezikhanyayo (deli). Abesifazane banikezwa indwangu, izitsha. Amadoda anikezwa izikhali. Isici esibalulekile somkhosi we-Tsagan Sara kubantu abasha iholide lezinsuku ezinhlanu. Izingane eziningi zaseMongolia zifunda ezikoleni okuhlalwa kuzo futhi i-Tsagaan Sar ukuphela kwesikhathi sokuya ekhaya ukuyobona abazali bazo. Isici esiyinhloko se-Tsagaan Sara yizinhlobonhlobo zezitsha, njengoba isikhathi sikhululiwe emsebenzini wansuku zonke wokulungiswa kwazo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, amaKalmyk, njengamaMongol, ayeyimizulane, futhi esinye sezibonakaliso zeKalmyk Tsagaan Sara ukushintsha kwekamu ngosuku lwesikhombisa. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa kwakubhekwa njengesono esikhulu. I-Tsagaan Sar nayo igujwa esifundeni sase-Astrakhan ezindaweni lapho iKalmyks inabantu abaningi.
Umzuzu obalulekile ekugubheni uNyaka Omusha waseTuvan - uShagaa - umkhuba we "San Salary". Umkhosi wenziwa ngendlela yokunikela emimoyeni yezindaba zokudla ukuze kuzuzwe indawo yazo ngonyaka ozayo. Ngokwenza isiko, indawo eyisicaba, evulekile egqumeni ikhethwa futhi kwakhiwa umlilo ongokwesiko. Ngaphezu komgomo wokwenza ukuthula nemimoya, i-Altai Chaga Bayram isho ukuvuselelwa kwemvelo nomuntu. Abadala babasa umlilo benze isiko lokukhonza iLanga. Muva nje, ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha idalwe e-Gorny Altai. Ngakho-ke, izivakashi ezivakashela lesi sifunda zingabamba iqhaza ngokuqondile ekugubheni uNyaka Omusha we-Altai.