Okuqukethwe
Imigqa ithole igama layo ngesizathu: they grow in rows or large groups. These fruiting bodies can be found throughout the Federation in the temperate forest zone. It is known that all types of rows are autumn mushrooms. Among them there are both edible and inedible and even poisonous representatives. Mushroom pickers with experience appreciate the rows very much, because they have high taste qualities, and also lend themselves well to various processing processes. However, first of all, you need to know what this or that type of this fruiting body looks like.
Incazelo nokusatshalaliswa kokugwedla okuphuzi ngokunsundu
I-Ryadovka yellow-brown iyikhowe le-agaric elivamile elivela emndenini wakwaRyadovkovye. Ihlukaniswa njengokudliwayo okunemibandela, kodwa kunemithombo ebiza lo mzimba we-fruiting ongadleki futhi unobuthi.
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Ngezansi isithombe nencazelo yomugqa onsundu ngokuphuzi.
Igama lesi Latin: I-Tricholoma yellow.
Umndeni: Okuvamile.
omqondofana: I-Tricholoma flavobrunneum, umugqa onsundu ngokuphuzi, onsundu-ophuzi, onsundu ngokubomvu, onsundu. Kubantu, lolu hlobo lwesikhunta lubizwa nangokuthi i-plantain ne-nut honey agaric.
Okukabili: abekho.
umugqa: ububanzi 4-10 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona izibonelo ngesigqoko 15-cm. Umumo uyindilinga-i-conical, ngokuya ngeminyaka iba yi-prostrate futhi i-wavy, i-tubercle ibonakala phakathi nendawo. Ezifanekisweni ezincane, imiphetho yama-caps ifakwe ngaphakathi, emifanekisweni endala ishwabene. Naka umbala wesigqoko esiphuzi esinsundu esiboniswe esithombeni:
Njengoba ubona, umbala wayo muhle impela - ophuzi-owolintshi, obomvu-obomvu noma obomvu, phakathi nendawo umthunzi uhlala umnyama. Lapho uthintana, ingaphezulu lekepisi lizwakala libushelelezi futhi lomile, kodwa esimweni sezulu esimanzi liyacwebezela futhi lishelele.
Umlenze: ukuphakama, kufika ku-15 cm, i-fibrous, iminyene, yomile, ibushelelezi. Umbala ufana nomthunzi we-cap, futhi uma umanzi, ubuso buba bunamathele.
I-Pulp: minyene, inyama ephakathi, emhlophe noma ephuzi. Iphunga liyi-farinaceous, limnene, licishe lingabonakali, ukunambitheka kuyababa. Inyama yomlenze ine-fibrous, imhlophe noma iphuzi ngombala.
Amarekhodi: ibanzi kakhulu, ayikhuli, ngokuvamile noma ayitholakali. Ngokwencazelo yomugqa onsundu ngokuphuzi, umbala wamapuleti awo ulula noma ukhilimu, i-tint encane ephuzi ingabonwa. Ngokukhula, ziba nsundu ngokuphelele noma zibe namabala ombala ohambisanayo.
Ukudla: Ikhowe elidliwayo elinemibandela lesigaba sesi-4, nokho, labo abalizamile baqaphela ukubaba okungemnandi ku-pulp.
Ukufana nokuhluka: abakhi bamakhowe abangenalwazi bangase badide “ubuhle” obuphuzi ngokunsundu kanye nomugqa we-poplar (Tricholoma populinum) – uhlobo lwamakhowe oludliwayo ngokwemibandela. Nokho, lesi sakamuva sinesiqu esijiyile, amapuleti amhlophe futhi sikhula ikakhulukazi eduze kwama-poplar.
Spread: INyakatho Melika, izingxenye ezisentshonalanga nasempumalanga yeYurophu, Izwe Lethu Emaphakathi nelaseNyakatho, i-Urals kanye neMpumalanga Ekude. Ukugwedla amakhowe okunsundu kuncamela amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile. Ikhula ngamaqembu kusukela ngoNcwaba kuya kuMfumfu. Izithelo zihlale ziningi, umzimba wezithelo ngokwawo ubekezelela isomiso kahle.
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Umugqa wegolide: isithombe, incazelo nokusabalalisa
Umugqa wegolide (Tricholoma auratum) - i-mushroom edliwayo yekhwalithi ephansi, isici sayo ukukhululwa kwamaconsi ejusi. Kulula kakhulu ukuhlonza lo mzimba othela izithelo, abaningi abacosha amakhowe abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwudidanisa nezinye izinhlobo.
Incazelo elandelayo nesithombe somugqa wegolide kuzokusiza uqonde ukubukeka nezici zokukhula kwawo.
Igama lesi Latin: I-Tricholoma auratum.
Umndeni: Okuvamile.
umugqa: kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-10 cm ububanzi, i-convex enemiphetho egoqiwe. Njengoba zikhula, ikepisi liyagoba libe ne-tubercle phakathi nendawo. Indawo engaphezulu inombala osawolintshi-ophuzi, futhi indawo emnyama enowolintshi ibonakala phakathi nendawo. Ngokuqala kwemvula, ungabona ukuthi ubuso bekepisi buba bushelelezi futhi bushelelezi.
Umlenze: inezoni ephinyiselwe yezikali ezibomvu-owolintshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlenze wamakhowe womugqa wegolide ukhipha amaconsi ejusi, okuyisici sawo esiwuphawu.
I-Pulp: eliminyene, elimhlophe, linephunga elimnandi elithambile kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo okunamandla.
Amarekhodi: okungajwayelekile, mncane, mhlophe.
Ukudla: Ihlukaniswa njengekhowe elidliwayo lekhwalithi ephansi, nokho, ngenxa ye-pulp yayo ebabayo, ithathwa njengohlobo olungenakudliwa nolunobuthi lobuthi obuphansi.
Spread: kuyo yonke indawo epholile yenyakatho nenkabazwe.
Isithombe sibonisa ukuthi umugqa wegolide ukhula ngamaqembu emahlathini e-coniferous nahlanganisiwe. Futhi, lolu hlobo lwe-fruiting body luncamela inhlabathi ecebile ngomcako, ngesinye isikhathi ikhula iyodwa. Isikhathi sokukha amakhowe siqala ngoJulayi futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.
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Ukugwedla okunamanzi (Lepista gilva) noma isikhulumi esinsundu-saphuzi (Clitocybe gilva)
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Ngokusho komunye umthombo, ukugwedla kunamanzi (Lipista gilva) kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezidliwayo noma ezidliwayo ezinombandela othile, kuyilapho eminye imithombo yangaphandle ikubiza ngokuthi kunobuthi. Kodwa-ke, izazi eziningi ze-mycologists ziyavuma ukuthi le mushroom isadliwa, kodwa ibaluleke kancane ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokunambitha. Kulokhu, umugqa onamanzi noma isikhulumi esinsundu-ophuzi namuhla, njengomthetho, akuvamile ukuqoqwa.
Igama lesi Latin: Dlula kuyo.
Umndeni: Okuvamile.
omqondofana: isikhulumi esinsundu-ophuzi, irowu ensundu-ophuzi, i-Paralepista gilva, i-Clitocybe gilva.
umugqa: inkulu impela, i-4-10 cm ububanzi, kwesinye isikhathi ifika ku-15 cm, isicaba, ne-tubercle ebonakala kancane phakathi nendawo. Ama-specimens amadala anekepisi elimise okwefaneli, imiphetho yawo ihlale ixhumekile. Umbala oguquguqukayo, ngokuvamile ongapheli, onesikhumba esinsundu, ophuzi-owolintshi, obomvu, onsundu-ophuzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingaphezulu lingafiphala libe nokhilimu, umbala ocishe ube mhlophe, ngokuvamile ube namachashaza okugqwala.
Umlenze: kunalokho kufushane, kufika ku-5 cm ukuphakama futhi kuze kufike ku-0,5 obukhulu, ngisho, i-cylindrical, incinyane kancane ngezansi, i-fibrous, i-elastic. Umbala womlenze womugqa onamanzi ufana nowesigqoko.
I-Pulp: izacile, iminyene, ikhilimu noma iphuzi. Iphunga liyi-anise emnandi, ukunambitheka kwenyama kubaba kancane. Abanye abaqoki bamakhowe bayaqaphela ukuthi umzimba wezithelo ukhipha iphunga elinamandla elikhumbuza amakha.
Amarekhodi: izacile, kaningi, incane, yehla kakhulu, ayivamisile ukuba nemfoloko. Kubantu abasha, umbala wamapuleti umhlophe, futhi ngokuya ngeminyaka uba phuzi futhi ube nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela amabala amancane agqwalile ebusweni bawo.
Ukudla: ayikho incazelo ecacile. Izingxoxo mayelana nokuhleleka komugqa onamanzi noma isikhulumi esinsundu-saphuzi siyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezidliwayo nezingadliwa.
Ukufana nokuhluka: ingadideka nomugqa obomvu (Lepista inversa). Lesi sakamuva, nakuba sikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, sisehluka ngombala omnyama we-cap.
Spread: i-rowweed enamanzi ikhula ngamaqembu, yakha "izindandatho zabathakathi", kuwo wonke amahlathi axubile kanye nama-coniferous. Ithela izithelo kusukela maphakathi nehlobo kuya cishe ekupheleni kwekwindla. Isiqongo somsebenzi wesikhunta sibonwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba.