I-Quince ayitheli izithelo: isihlahla siyaqhakaza, kepha asikho i-ovary - yini okufanele uyenze?

Ukufika okulungile

Lapho isithombo esikhethelwa ukutshala sisincane, kuba lula ukumila endaweni entsha. Kungcono ukuthenga isitshalo sonyaka esinesistimu yezimpande ethuthukisiwe kanye nengxenye yasemoyeni, noma okungenani ingane eneminyaka emibili. Isistimu yempande evaliwe, etshalwe nge-cd yemvelo yomhlaba, alimala kancane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kodwa ukuthenga impande evulekile, ungahlola isimo sayo, esingesibi. Umsuka kufanele ube nempilo, ngaphandle kokulimala okubonakalayo, izimpande ezincane akufanele zomiswe.

Ukutshala kungenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ulungiselele indawo kusenesikhathi, ekwindla udinga ukuba nesikhathi sokutshala ezimbili, futhi mhlawumbe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ukuze izimpande zibe nesikhathi sokumila kanye nokwakheka, uma kungenjalo izimpande ezintsha, okungenani i-callus. Inyanga nengxenye ngaphambi kwalokho (futhi ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo kusukela ekwindla), kusetshenziswa umanyolo. Inhlabathi idinga ukumbiwa kahle ku-bayonet yefosholo, noma ijule, ikhululwe kuzo zonke izimpande, engeza umquba noma i-humus, i-superphosphate ne-potassium nitrate. I-Quince ikhula kahle enhlabathini evundile yobumba, bahlala kancane emhlabathini onomhlabathi okhanyayo, bathele izithelo ezimbi kakhulu, nakuba ingena esikhathini se-fruiting ngisho nangaphambili.

Umgodi we-quince umbiwa banzi, kodwa awushoni kakhulu, njengoba izimpande zawo zingakhuli kakhulu, zincamela ukukhula ngokusondela phezulu. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bufika kuhhafu wemitha ukushona kanye nobubanzi obungama-90 - 100 cm.

Ingqimba yobumba ibekwe ngaphansi komgodi, futhi ukunikezwa kwesikhathi eside komanyolo we-nitrogen (umquba noma i-humus) kubekwa phezulu, okufanele kuhlale iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Kusukela phezulu, konke lokhu kufafazwa ngenhlabathi engadini, izimpande eziqondile zibekwe futhi zihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukulingana okukhulu komhlaba ezimpandeni. Ukunisela okuningi nakho kunomthelela kulokhu, amabhakede angu-2-3 amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwesithombo ngasinye.

Ekupheleni kokutshala, indawo yokuxhunyelelwa kufanele ibe ngu-3 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi. Imvamisa, isihlahla esisha siboshelwa esikhonkwaneni esiqinile esibethelwe phakathi nomgodi, bese inhlabathi ezungezile imbozwa ngomquba, i-peat, i-humus, noma utshani nje. Entwasahlobo, ungqimba lwamasentimitha angu-5 lwanele, futhi ekwindla kungcono ukuwenza kabili ubukhulu.

Ukuthena isihlahla ngonyaka wokuqala nowesibili kubaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwawo, kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Ukutshala okufanele kufanele kube yisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwesitshalo, uma samukelwe kahle, sithola ukunakekelwa okwanele, khona-ke izithelo zizoqala eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemine.

Ividiyo "Ukukhula"

Kusuka kuvidiyo uzofunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani kahle lesi sihlahla sesithelo.

Izici ze-fruiting

Ukuthi i-quince blooms ingabonakala kanjani ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine ngemuva kokuyitshala esizeni, kodwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoholela ekubonakaleni kwezithelo kuncike ngezizathu eziningana. Lesi siko alizivundisi noma lizivundile ngokwemibandela, njengoba abanye ochwepheshe besho ngokuqapha.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi izitshalo zihlukaniswa ngokweduna nensikazi, njengoba nje kudingeka impova evela esihlahleni sezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuthutheleke impova ngendlela efanele. Nakuba izinhlobo zanamuhla azidingi i-cross-pollination, ngokusho kwezicelo zabadali bazo, kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi isihlahla se-quince esiqhakaza kakhulu futhi esivame ukuqhakaza singakhi isithelo esisodwa esinobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo. Kulokhu, ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ze-quince eduze noma ukuxhunyelelwa esihlahleni esifanayo kungasindisa isimo. Kwesinye isikhathi iquince ixhunyelelwa epheyani elimila endaweni, okusiza ukuthuthukisa isivuno sazo zombili izitshalo. Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zithi ukuze kube ne-cross-pollination kwanele ukuba nezihlobo ezikude ze-quince endaweni eyodwa - izihlahla zama-apula namapheya, kodwa mhlawumbe zivele zihlangabezane nezinhlobonhlobo ezizivundile ngempela.

Esinye isizathu sokuthi i-blooms ye-quince, ingatheli izithelo, ingase ibe ukulimala kwesithwathwa kuma-pistils nama-stamens. Ukuze uqiniseke ngalokhu, kwanele ukubheka ngaphakathi kwezimbali. Kodwa isizathu siyisithwathwa esishaye ikhoni eluhlaza. I-cone eluhlaza yisikhathi lapho amaqabunga engakakhiwa, futhi amaqabunga asevele athole ukuthamba okumanzi kanye nethiphu eliluhlaza elingenalutho, elizovuleka ngamaqabunga okuqala. I-Quince iqhakaza sekwephuzile, lapho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke lidlula +17 degrees phesheya, ngokuvamile azikho izithwathwa ezibuyayo ngalesi sikhathi (ngoMeyi, noma ngisho noJuni), ngakho abantu abasoli ngisho nokuthi isithwathwa singalimaza izimbali.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-buds abe amaqabunga nezithelo kwenzeka ekwindla (Okthoba-November) nasentwasahlobo (March-May), ngaphandle awahlukani nganoma iyiphi indlela. Lapho nje isikhathi sifika, izimbali zikhula ema-axils amanye amaqabunga. Ngakho-ke esiteji se-green cone kukhona kakade izithelo zezithelo, ezisengozini kakhulu futhi zithambile kunabo bonke abanye, isithwathwa singabalimaza kalula. Uma amakhaza esevele efika ngo-Okthoba, khona-ke umsebenzi oyinhloko uhlala entwasahlobo, isithwathwa esibuyayo singawuchitha. Akulona ize ukuthi abalimi abanolwazi baqaphe izinga lokushisa lomoya, ngo-Ephreli noma ngisho noMeyi ukuze basindise amagatsha esihlahla ngokufutha ukuze bawavikele eqhweni ngomusi.

Abalimi abaningi entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwehlumela benza umuthi wokuvimbela izifo nezimuncagazi, obizwa ngokuthi ukufutha okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Bordeaux liquid, enombala omuhle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ifafazwa esihlahleni sonke, lokhu kubuyisela emuva isikhashana lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala, okungukuthi, isikhathi se-cone eluhlaza siza kamuva, ngaleyo ndlela sidlula isithwathwa esibuyayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela izimbali ezizayo, ibhonasi enjalo noma umphumela ohlangothini lapho uvikela izifo.

Izimo zokukhula

Kukholakala ukuthi i-quince isakaze emhlabeni wonke isuka eTranscaucasia, ikhula kahle eMedithera, eNingizimu-mpumalanga naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, izihlahla zasendle nezihlahla zihlala osebeni lwemifula, emaphethelweni ehlathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukhetha ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi, ukubekezelela ukushisa kahle futhi akutheli izithelo ngesomiso. Ekhaya emagcekeni ethu, simenzela izimo ezifanele - ubumba, inhlabathi enomsoco egcina umswakama (akayithandi inhlabathi ene-acidic kanye nosawoti), indawo enelanga. Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukwelula ihlobo nokwenza ikwindla ifudumale, nakuba abalimi bezamile ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ezikwazi ukumelana nokubanda ezingamelana nesithwathwa esinzima sasebusika, futhi izitshalo zabo zivuthwe ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.

I-Quince isihlahla esinesibindi kakhulu, sizokhula ngisho nasemhlabeni oyisihlabathi, sintula umswakama, kodwa izinga lesithelo lizobhekana nalokhu. Uma umuthi ungatholi inani elifanele lamanzi, khona-ke isithelo sizoba sincane futhi sibe nzima nakakhulu futhi sibonakale.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuyinisela, futhi isikhathi ngasinye uthele okungenani amabhakede amabili amanzi ezimpandeni, futhi izihlahla ezinkulu zabantu abadala zizodinga ezine.

Ukuze wonke amagatsha nezithelo zithole ukukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu, ukuminyana kwesihlahla kufanele kuqashelwe, kunqunywe njalo lawo magatsha afuna ukukhula ngaphakathi komqhele, lawo amboza omakhelwane bawo elangeni. Isihlahla ngasinye kufanele siqhele ngamamitha amahlanu kwezinye izihlahla ezinkulu noma izakhiwo ukuze zingacashi emthunzini wazo. Ukuhambisana nazo zonke lezi zimo, kanye nemithetho ye-agrotechnical, kuzoqinisekisa isivuno esicebile, futhi isihlahla esidala singaletha kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-150 kg ngonyaka, futhi ama-ovari akhiwa emagatsheni eminyaka ehlukene, ngakho-ke akufanele kube khona isikhathi.

Ividiyo ethi "Blooming"

Kusuka kuvidiyo uzofunda ukuthi i-ovary yenziwa kanjani kulesi sihlahla.