Okuqukethwe
- 1. ULawrence LeShan “Uma kuzoba nempi kusasa? Psychology of War»
- 2. UMikhail Reshetnikov «Psychology of War»
- 3. Ursula Wirtz, Joerg Zobeli “Ukomela incazelo. Umuntu ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu. Imikhawulo ye-Psychotherapy»
- 4. UPeter Levine Waking the Tiger - Healing Trauma
- 5. Otto Van der Hart, Ellert RS Nienhayus, Cathy Steele Ghosts of the Past. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo kanye nokwelashwa kwemiphumela yokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo okungapheli "
"Iholide elinezinyembezi emehlweni" - lo mugqa ovela engomeni usuyifomula enamandla eveza isimo sengqondo samaRussia ekuNqobileni Empini Enkulu Yokushisekela Izwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwezinyembezi, isipiliyoni sokuhlanganyela empini - enkundleni yempi, njengesisulu noma ngemuva - sishiya amanxeba ajulile emphefumulweni. Ku-psychology, izilonda ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sikhuluma ngezincwadi ezinhlanu ezizokusiza uqonde uhlobo lwempi engokwengqondo, izici ezingavamile zokulimala okubangelwa inhlekelele enjalo kubantu, nezindlela zokuyelapha.
1. ULawrence LeShan “Uma kuzoba nempi kusasa? Psychology of War»
Kule ncwadi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika (esithambekele ekubeni nezimfihlakalo ezeqile kweminye imisebenzi yaso) sibonisa ukuthi kungani izimpi bezilokhu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesintu amakhulu eminyaka - nokuthi kungani iNkathi Ephakathi nombono wayo wenkolo, noma iNkathi Entsha nokukhanyiselwa kwayo yayingakwazi. yeka ukuchitheka kwegazi.
“Ngolwazi esinalo mayelana nesikhathi, imvamisa, nokuthandwa kwezimpi, singaphetha ngaleyo mpi kunikeza abantu ithemba ukuze baxazulule izinkinga zabo noma ngisho nohlu lwezinkinga ezingaqashelwa njengezomhlaba wonke,” kuphawula uLeShan. Ngamanye amazwi, izimpi zenzelwe ukwanelisa izidingo zabantu ngabanye - futhi, ngokusho kwe-hypothesis kaLeShan, sikhuluma ngezidingo eziyisisekelo ezingokwengqondo, hhayi ngezomnotho. Ayikho impi empeleni eyanikeza noma ubani ithuba "lokufaka imali": izimpande zokuchitheka kwegazi azikho emnothweni.
2. UMikhail Reshetnikov «Psychology of War»
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMikhail Reshetnikov ekuqaleni kuka-1970-1980 wayehlanganyele ekukhethweni kwengqondo kwabazoqeqeshwa esikoleni sezindiza sabashayeli bezindiza futhi wafunda ukuziphatha kwabantu ezikhungweni zezinhlekelele zemvelo, izimpi nezinhlekelele. Ikakhulukazi, izinhloso zokuhlaziywa kwakhe kwakuyimpi yase-Afghanistan, ingozi esikhungweni samandla enuzi eChernobyl (1986), ukuzamazama komhlaba kweSpitak e-Armenia (1988) nezinye izenzakalo. Incwadi kaMikhail Reshetnikov yobudokotela yathola isitembu esithi "Imfihlo Ephezulu" - yasuswa kuphela ngo-2008, lapho umcwaningi enquma ukuqoqa impumelelo yakhe encwadini eyodwa.
Ibhalwe ngolimi olomile lwesayensi, lo msebenzi uzoba nesithakazelo ngokuyinhloko kuma-psychotherapists kanye nodokotela bengqondo abasebenza nabantu abasinde ezinhlekeleleni noma ababambe iqhaza ebutheni. Indima "yesici somuntu" empini, ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo nasemisebenzini yokuhlenga iyinhloko yocwaningo: umbhali uthuthukisa izincomo eziqondile kakhulu zokuyinqoba. USolwazi Reshetnikov uphinde anake kakhulu ukuthi omakadebona base-Afghan bazijwayeza kanjani impilo yabantu ngemuva kwempi. Njengoba kunikezwe umsebenzi ophezulu waso sonke isizukulwane samadoda, ukubonwa kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kungase futhi kukhanyise izici zesimo sezulu esingokwengqondo eRussia yanamuhla.
3. Ursula Wirtz, Joerg Zobeli “Ukomela incazelo. Umuntu ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu. Imikhawulo ye-Psychotherapy»
Le ncwadi iyingxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka ubudala, kodwa isivele ibhekwa njenge-classic yegolide yokubhekana nezincwadi. Ababhali, i-Jungian kanye ne-neo-Freudian, bazama ukucacisa emsebenzini wabo izici eziningana zokusebenza ngokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo ngesikhathi esisodwa: incazelo kanye nenhlekelele yencazelo, ukulinganiselwa kanye nezindlela zokuzinqoba, imizamo yokwenza izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuphulukisa ekuhlukumezekeni. . Basebenzisa izinto eziningi eziqoqwe ngesikhathi somsebenzi nabahlanganyeli kanye nezisulu zempi yaseYugoslavia, futhi babonise ukuthi kwenzekani emhlabeni wangaphakathi womuntu ngesikhathi sokuhlangenwe nakho kokugcina, ukuhlangana ubuso nobuso nokufa.
Ngokwendlela kaWirtz noZobeli, isisekelo sokunqoba ukuhlukumezeka wukufuna nokukhiqiza incazelo entsha kanye nokwakhiwa kobuntu obusha kule ncazelo. Lapha bahlangana nemibono kaViktor Frankl kanye no-Alfried Lenglet, futhi akukhona nje ukubeka incazelo phambili. NjengoFrankl no-Lenglet omkhulu, ababhali bale ncwadi bavala igebe phakathi kwendlela yesayensi yesayensi yezengqondo kanye nomqondo ocishe ube ngokwenkolo womphefumulo nengokomoya, kusondeza abangabazayo namakholwa. Mhlawumbe ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwalolu hlobo isimo sokubuyisana esigcwele ikhasi ngalinye.
4. UPeter Levine Waking the Tiger - Healing Trauma
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uPeter Levin, echaza inqubo yokuphulukisa ukuhlukumezeka, kuqala uhlakaza wona kanye umqondo wokuhlukumezeka, ufinyelela ekugcineni kokuhlukumezeka. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ekhuluma ngamaqhawe ezempi kanye nezisulu zodlame (futhi akumane nje kwaqondana ukuthi baseduze kwakhe ohlwini lwakhe!), USolwazi Levin uphawula ukuthi ngokuvamile bayehluleka ukudlulisa “indlela yokusabela” — ngamanye amazwi, bayayithola. wanamathela kokuhlangenwe nakho okubi izinyanga neminyaka. futhi ukhulume ngokuhlupheka ngokuphindaphindiwe, uqhubeka nokuzwa intukuthelo, ukwesaba nobuhlungu.
"Ukwenza ingqondo inganyakazi" ingesinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile eziya empilweni evamile. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangakwenza ngokwabo, ngakho indima yezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, abangane nezihlobo kule nqubo iyigugu. Okuyinto, eqinisweni, eyenza le ncwadi ingabi usizo kochwepheshe kuphela: uma omunye wabathandekayo bakho eyisisulu sobudlova, inhlekelele, noma ebuyile ebutha, izenzo zakho namazwi angabasiza ukuba babuye baphile.
5. Otto Van der Hart, Ellert RS Nienhayus, Cathy Steele Ghosts of the Past. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo kanye nokwelashwa kwemiphumela yokuhlukumezeka kwengqondo okungapheli "
Le ncwadi ikhuluma ngomphumela onjalo wesipiliyoni esibuhlungu njengokuzihlukanisa, noma umuzwa wokuthi ukuxhumeka kokwazi kwakho neqiniso kulahlekile - futhi izehlakalo ezikuzungezile azenzeki kuwe, kodwa komunye umuntu.
Njengoba ababhali bephawula, ngokokuqala ngqá ukuhlukaniswa kwachazwa ngokuningiliziwe isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseBrithani kanye nodokotela wengqondo weMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, uCharles Samuel Myers: waqaphela ukuthi amasosha abamba iqhaza empini ye-1914-1918 ahlala futhi eshintshana nomunye nomunye. obunye ubuntu obujwayelekile bangaphandle (ANP) kanye ne-affective personality (AL). Uma eyokuqala yalezi zingxenye ifuna ukuhlanganyela ekuphileni okuvamile, ilangazelela ukuhlanganiswa, khona-ke eyesibili yayibuswa imizwelo ebhubhisayo. Ukubuyisana i-ANP ne-EP, okwenza lokhu kugcine kungabhubhisi, kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wochwepheshe osebenza ne-PTSD.
Ucwaningo lwekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo, olusekelwe ekuqapheliseni kukaMyers, lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola indlela yokuhlanganisa kabusha ubuntu obuhlukumezekile futhi obuphukile - le nqubo akulula neze, kodwa imizamo ehlangene yabelaphi nabathandekayo ingaqhutshwa ngayo.