Prevention

- Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kufanele kugwenywe, njengoba kuyisici esiyingozi samaqhuqhuva egilo.

– Imithi yokwelapha ngemisebe ingcono futhi iguqulelwe kangcono ukuze ilethe kuphela umthamo omncane odingekayo esimweni ngasinye, futhi inciphise umthelela kugilo.

Ukuxilongwa

Udokotela kuqala unquma, ngosizo lokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene, uhlobo lwe-nodule. Ukwelashwa noma akukho ukwelashwa kukhethwa ngokufanele. Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1980, iningi lamaqhuqhuva lalisuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Kusukela lapho, izindlela zokuxilonga nezokwelashwa ziye zalungiswa ukuze zisebenze kuphela lapho zibalulekile. 

Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo

Ukuhlolwa kwentamo kuzoqinisekisa noma cha ukuthi ukuvuvukala kuxhumene ne-thyroid, hlola ukuthi ibuhlungu noma cha, eyodwa noma eminingi, iqinile, iqinile noma ithambile, futhi ubheke ukuba khona kwama-lymph nodes entanyeni.

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kubheka izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwegilo

Udokotela uzophinde abuze ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivame ukuthathwa ngumuntu, umbono womlando wezinkinga zegilo emndenini, i-irradiation yentamo ebuntwaneni, imvelaphi yendawo, izici ezinomthelela (ugwayi, ukuntuleka kwe-iodine, ukukhulelwa)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hormone ye-thyroid 

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hormone i-TSH elawula ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni egilo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni egilo kuyinto evamile, ngokweqile (hyperthyroidism) noma akwanele (hypothyroidism) .Umthamo wamahomoni egilo i-T3 ne-T4 idingeka kuphela uma I-TSH ayijwayelekile. Siphinde sibheke ukuba khona kwama-anti-thyroid antibodies. I-Calcitonin iyacelwa uma kusolwa uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza, umdlavuza we-medullary thyroid. 

ultrasound

Lena indlela ekhethwayo yokuxilonga izigaxa zegilo. Kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ngeso lengqondo amaqhuqhuva angu-2 mm ububanzi noma ngaphezulu futhi ukwazi inani lamaqhuqhuva kanye nokuba khona okungenzeka kwe-goiter ye-multinodular. Ukufanekisa kusetshenziswa futhi ukuhlukanisa ukubukeka okuqinile, okuwuketshezi noma okuxubile kweqhuqhuva. Kuye ngokubukeka kwayo kanye nosayizi wayo inikeza izimpikiswano ezivuna uhlamvu olubi noma olubi oluholela ekubuzeni noma ukungabhobozi. Iphinde ivumele emva kokwelashwa ukulandela ukuvela kwe-nodule. 

Ukuskena kwe-thyroid

Kucelwa kuphela uma umthamo we-hormone ye-TSH uphansi.

Ukwenza i-scintigraphy yegilo, ngemva kokuthatha izimpawu ezikhipha imisebe njenge-iodine noma i-technetium, sibheka indlela i-iodine esatshalaliswa ngayo endlaleni yegilo.

Lokhu kuhlola kucacisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwendlala, kungase kubonise amaqhuqhuva angabonwa epalpation futhi kubheke ukuthi amaqhuqhuva “ayabanda” yini ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-hyperfunction yegilo, “kushisa” ngokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ngokweqile, noma “ukungathathi hlangothi »Nge-hormonal evamile. ukusebenza.

I-nodule eshisayo ihlale ilungile, ngakho-ke akuwona umdlavuza we-priori. Amaqhuqhuva abandayo awumdlavuza kaningi, nakuba u-90% usathambile.

Ukubhoboza we-nodule engaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound iyacelwa uma izici zomtholampilo noma ukubonakala ku-ultrasound kuphakamisa isimo esiyingozi se-nodule. (cf. ishidi) Esebenzisa inaliti ecolekile, udokotela ufisa amaseli eqhuqhuva ukuze ahlole izici zawo ezincane futhi ahlole nature, i-benin noma enomdlavuza, yeqhuqhuva. Kuyasiza futhi ukukhipha i-cystic nodule.

I-puncture izovuselelwa uma ingaphelele

Lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa nge-scintigraphy yegilo, i-CT scan noma i-MRI. Uma kusolwa umdlavuza wegilo, kuvame ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-histological yesimila okwenza kube nokwenzeka noma kungaqinisekiswa.

Ukwelashwa

Iodine enemisebe. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesengezo sokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wegilo ukuze kucekelwe noma yimaphi amaseli egilo okungenzeka awazange asuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

Iodine enemisebe isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amaqhuqhuva (“ashisayo”) abangela izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism. Ukwelashwa kwezinyanga ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-3 ngokuvamile kwanele ukuze izigaxana zixazulule futhi nezimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism zinyamalale. Iodine ithathwa ngomlomo nge-capsule noma ifomu le-liquid. Lokhu kwelashwa kubangela i-hypothyroidism ehlala njalo ezimweni ezingaba ngu-80%, ngoba iodine enemisebe ibhubhisa amaseli akhiqiza amahomoni. Le hypothyroidism yesibili yokwelashwa inganxeshezelwa kahle ngokwelashwa ngamahomoni egilo abese ethathwa njalo. Kwezinye izimo, ama-nodules aphathwa ngokuhlinzwa.

ukuhlinzwa. Isusa i-lobe eyodwa noma yonke indlala yegilo (thyroidectomy). Kuboniswa uma izigaxana ezinomdlavuza noma kusolwa ukuthi ziyingozi, noma uma zine-hypersecreting (enza i-hormone yegilo eningi) noma enkulu. Ukwelashwa kokubuyisela i-hormone yegilo impilo yonke (i-levothyroxine) ngokuvamile kuyadingeka. Ngemuva kwalokho, umuntu ohlinziwe uzothatha amahomoni egilo ashintshayo nsuku zonke.

Ama-nodules ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal secretion futhi ivolumu yabo ingaphansi kuka-¾ cm igadwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 kuya onyakeni.