I-toxemia yokukhulelwa yisifo esithinta abesifazane abakhulelwe. Le pathology ibizwa nangokuthi i-preeclampsia. Kuthinta abesifazane abakhulelwe engxenyeni yabo yesibili yokukhulelwa, cishe ngemva kwamasonto angu-20 okukhulelwa, noma ngemva nje kokubeletha.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-preeclampsia yilezi:

- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;

i-proteinuria (ukuba khona kwamaprotheni emchameni).

Lezi zimpawu zokuqala ezibalulekile azibonakali ekuphileni kwansuku zonke komuntu kodwa zibonakala ngesikhathi sokulandelela ngaphambi kokubeletha.

Kwezinye izimo, ezinye izimpawu zingakhula futhi zifane ne-toxemia. Imayelana :

- ukuvuvukala ezinyaweni, emaqakaleni, ebusweni nasezandleni, okubangelwa ukugcinwa koketshezi;

- ubuhlungu bekhanda;

- izinkinga zamehlo;

– ubuhlungu ezimbanjeni.

Nakuba izimo eziningi zithambile, lezi zimpawu eziyinhloko zingaholela emiphumeleni engathi sína, kokubili enganeni nakunina. Ngalo mqondo, lapho i-preeclampsia isheshe yatholwa futhi ilawulwa, kuzoba ngcono ukubikezela.

Lesi sifo sithinta cishe u-6% wabesifazane abakhulelwe futhi u-1 kuya ku-2% wamacala ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezinzima.

Kunezici ezithile ezisebenzayo ekukhuleni kwalesi sifo, njenge:

- ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma i-renal pathologies ngaphambi kokukhulelwa;

- ukuba khona kwe-lupus (isifo esingelapheki se-autoimmune) noma i-antiphospholipid syndrome.

Okokugcina, ezinye izici zomuntu siqu zingase zibeke ukuthuthukiswa kwe-toxemia, njenge: (3)

- umlando womndeni;

- ube ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40;

- sebevele bakhulelwe iminyaka eyi-10 ngokuhlukana;

- ukukhulelwa okuningi (amawele, amawele amathathu, njll.);

ube ne-body mass index (BMI) engaphezu kuka-35.

Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli ziqaphela ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo okulandelayo kuphela okungaba izimpawu zokukhula kwe-toxemia:

- ubuhlungu bekhanda obuqhubekayo;

- ukuvuvukala okungavamile ezandleni nasekhanda;

- ukukhuluphala ngokweqile;

- ukuntula kwamehlo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuphela okungagqamisa lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, umfutho wegazi we-140/90 nangaphezulu ungaba obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-pathology. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kungafakazela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona amaprotheni, ama-enzyme esibindi kanye nezinga eliphezulu ngokungavamile lamaplatelet.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ku-fetus kuyenziwa ukuze kubhekwe ukukhula okuvamile kombungu.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-toxemia zichazwa ngokuthi:

- ukuvuvukala kwezandla, ubuso namehlo (edema);

- ukukhuluphala kungazelelwe ngezinsuku ezi-1 noma ezi-2.

Ezinye izimpawu ziwuphawu lohlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo, njengalezi: (2)

- ikhanda elibuhlungu nelingapheli;

- izinkinga zokuphefumula;

- ubuhlungu besisu ohlangothini lwesokudla, ezimbanjeni;

- ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo (izinto ezingavamile ezingavamile zomchamo);

- isicanucanu nokuhlanza;

- ukuntula kwamehlo.

Umsuka owodwa wesifo awukwazi ukuhlotshaniswa nembangela. Kunezici ezihlukene ezihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni i-toxemia. Phakathi kwalokhu, siyaqaphela:

- izici zofuzo;

– ukudla komfundi;

- izinkinga ze-vascular;

- i-autoimmune anomalies / pathologies.

Asikho isenzo sokugwema lezi zimo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwenziwa udokotela, kungcono ukubikezela kwemitha kanye nengane. (1)

Izici ezithile zihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola lesi sifo. Imayelana :

- ukukhulelwa okuningi;

- ube ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-35-40;

- ukukhulelwa ekuqaleni kokuthomba;

- ukukhulelwa kokuqala;

- ube ne-BMI engaphezu kwama-35;

- i-arterial hypertension;

- nesifo sikashukela;

– babe nenkinga yezinso.

Izici ezithile zihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola lesi sifo. Imayelana :

- ukukhulelwa okuningi;

- ube ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-35-40;

- ukukhulelwa ekuqaleni kokuthomba;

- ukukhulelwa kokuqala;

- ube ne-BMI engaphezu kwama-35;

- i-arterial hypertension;

- nesifo sikashukela;

– babe nenkinga yezinso.