I-PMA: uthini umthetho we-bioethics ka-2021?

Ngaphambilini ibigcinelwe imibhangqwana ethandana nobulili obuhlukile ebhekene nobunzima ekubelethweni, ukubeletha okusizwayo manje sekuyatholakala kwabesifazane abangashadile nabashadile kusukela ehlobo lika-2021.

Incazelo: isho ukuthini i-PMA?

I-PMA isifinyezo esimele ukukhiqizwa kabusha okusizwayo. I-AMP isho ukuzala ngosizo lwezokwelapha. Amagama amabili okuchaza wonke amasu ahlose ukusekela abantu abadinga usizo ukuze benze umsebenzi wabo wezingane.

Izindlela ezahlukene zenza kube nokwenzeka ukusekela imibhangqwana yabantu bobulili obuhlukile abangenanzalo, imibhangqwana yabesifazane nabesifazane abangashadile esifisweni sabo somntwana: i-IVF (i-in vitro fertilization), ukufakwa kwe-artificial insemination nokwamukela imibungu.

Ubani ongasebenzisa lokhu kusizwa ukukhiqiza kabusha?

Kusukela ekutholweni kweSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke ngoLwesibili, Juni 29, 2021, komthetho we-bioethics, imibhangqwana ethandana nobulili obuhlukile, imibhangqwana yabesifazane nabesifazane abangashadile bangasebenzisa le nqubo ukusiza ukuzala. Lolu sizo lwezokwelapha lubuyiselwa ngendlela efanayo, kungakhathaliseki isimo somuntu olucelayo. I-Social Security ikhokhela izindleko ze-ART e-France kuze kube usuku lokuzalwa lowesifazane oneminyaka engama-43, inani eliphakeme lama-insemination okwenziwa angu-6 kanye nokuvundisa okungu-4 kwe-in vitro.

I-PMA yabo bonke eFrance: ushintsha ini umthetho we-bioethics wango-2021?

Umthethosivivinywa we-bioethics owamukelwa yiPhalamende Likazwelonke ngoJuni 29, 2021 awugcini nje ukwandisa ukufinyelela ekuzaleni okusizwa ngokwezempilo kwabesifazane abangashadile nabashadile. Iphinde ivumele ukuzilondoloza kwama-gametes ngaphandle kwezizathu zezempilo zanoma yimuphi owesifazane noma owesilisa ofisayo, kuyashintsha izimo zokungaziwa ngomnikelo wama-gametes futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ukufinyelela imvelaphi yezingane ezizalwe ngomnikelo, futhi ibeka esilinganisweni esilinganayo noma ubani ofisa ukunikela. umnikelo wegazi – abathandana nobulili obuhlukile noma obufanayo.

Luyini uhambo losizo lokukhiqiza?

Iminqamulajuqu yinde esigabeni ngasinye sohambo lwe-PMA noma i-MPA eFrance. Ngakho-ke kufanele zihlomise ngokubekezela, futhi kuhle ukuthembela ekusekelweni kwezihlobo, noma ngisho nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Kwabashadile abathandana nobulili obuhlukile, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane uzoncoma ukuzama ukuba nengane ngokwemvelo unyaka wonke ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlolwa kokuzala, futhi, okungenzeka, uhambo lokuzala ngosizo lwezokwelapha.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ohambweni lokusizwa lokuzala yi ukuvuselelwa kwe-ovarian. Khona-ke izinyathelo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngenqubo esiyilandelayo njengamanje: i-in vitro fertilization noma i-artificial insemination. I uhlu lokulinda ukuthola umnikelo wama-gametes kulinganiselwa ukuthi unyaka owodwa ngokwesilinganiso. Ngomthethosivivinywa we-bioethics, ukwanda kwakamuva kokufinyeleleka ekukhiqizeni okusizwayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwemibandela yokungaziwa ngokunikelwa kwe-gamete, lezi zinhlu zingakhula isikhathi eside.

Ungayenza kuphi i-MAP?

Kukhona 31 izikhungo ye-PMA ngo-2021 eFrance, ebizwa nge-CECOS (Isikhungo Sokufunda Nokugcinwa Kwamaqanda Omuntu kanye Nesidoda). Kukulezi zikhungo futhi lapho unganikela khona ngama-gamete.

Iyiphi indlela eqondile yokuzalanisa imibhangqwana yabesifazane?

Umthethosivivinywa we-bioethics ka-2021 uhlinzekela a indlela ethile yomzali imibhangqwana yabesifazane abenza ukukhiqizwa kosizo eFrance. Inhloso wukuvumela umama ongazange amzalele umntwana ukuthi amsungule ubuzali nalena. Ngakho-ke labo mama ababili kuyodingeka benze a ukuqashelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okuhlanganyelwe ngaphambi kommeli, ngesikhathi esifanayo nemvume yomnikelo edingekayo kubo bonke abashadile. Lo mshini othize we-filiation uzoshiwo kuyo isitifiketi sokuzalwa somntwana esigcwele. Umama owazala umntwana, yena, uzoba ngumama ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhangqwana yabesifazane abakhulelwe ingane ngokusizwa ukuzala phesheya ngaphambi komthetho nabo bazokwazi ukuzuza kulo mshini iminyaka emithathu.

I-PMA noma i-GPA: uyini umehluko?

Ngokungafani nokuzala okusizwayo, ukuzala kuhlanganisa a "umama wengane" : owesifazane ofisa ingane futhi ongakhulelwa, ubiza omunye wesifazane ukuba athwale ingane endaweni yakhe. Imibhangqwana yabesilisa nayo isebenzisa i-surrogacy ukuze ibe abazali. 

Ku-surrogacy, "umama obambele" uthola ngokufakwa kokufakelwa isidoda kanye ne-oocyte, okuvela kubazali bakusasa noma okuwumphumela womnikelo wama-gametes.

Lo mkhuba awuvunyelwe e-France kodwa ugunyazwe kwabanye omakhelwane bethu base-Europe noma baseMelika.