Ukutshala nokunakekela isipinashi endaweni evulekile: imithetho eyinhloko

Landing

Ngaphambi kokutshala isipinashi, udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi. Ukuvuthwa kwemifino yesipinashi kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke, umanyolo osetshenziselwa ukuwuphakela kufanele usebenze ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kunconywa ukuthi uhlakaze i-urea ye-granular phezu kweqhwa. Kamuva, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini, udinga ukwengeza i-humus encane. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaqabunga esipinashi aqoqa kahle ama-nitrate, ngakho-ke umanyolo we-nitrogen akufanele usetshenziswe entwasahlobo.

Kulungile ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala isipinashi ekwindla, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuvundisa entwasahlobo nge-nitrogen. Indawo lapho isitshalo sihlelelwe ukutshalwa khona kufanele kumbiwe futhi kufakwe uhla olugcwele lwamanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali emhlabathini: umquba, i-humus, ingxube ye-phosphorus-potassium, njengomthetho, izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlala zinenani elithile. initrogen. Khona-ke entwasahlobo kuhlala kuphela ukukhulula umhlaba engadini, futhi ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela isipinashi.

Ukutshala isiko kuphumelela kakhulu enhlabathini enomsoco evulekile. Umoya omuhle kanye nomswakama womswakama yisimo esiyinhloko sokukhula okusebenzayo kohlaza. Inketho engcono kakhulu inhlabathi enesihlabathi ene-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Enhlabathini enzima, enobumba, ewuqweqwe, isipinashi akufanele itshalwe, njengoba lokhu kuzodinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwezitshalo, futhi amathuba okuvuna okuhle aphansi kakhulu.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukunakekela ukulungiswa kwembewu. Imbewu yesipinashi inegobolondo eliminyene, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ifakwe emanzini afudumele usuku lonke, bese ifakwa esixazululweni se-potassium permanganate amahora ambalwa, futhi ngemva kwalokho ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zesipinashi, njenge-New Zealand, i-Victoria, i-Corenta, imbewu yayo ingahlumi ngokushesha - ukucwiliswa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kudinga isikhathi eside (kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezi-2), kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-biostimulants.

Ukutshala isitshalo endaweni evulekile kungenziwa kusuka kumbewu kanye nezithombo. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokutshala ayithandwa kakhulu, njengoba izitshalo ezincane zinezimpande ezibuthakathaka futhi zimila kabi kakhulu emhlabathini. Kunengqondo ukuhlwanyela kuphela izinhlobo ezithanda ukushisa (iMatador, New Zealand) ezithonjeni, ezingathandeki ukutshala ngqo emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Ukuze utshale imbewu ezweni endaweni evulekile, udinga ukwenza imisele engashoni yanoma ibuphi ubude enhlabathini elungisiwe ebangeni elingu-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Okulandelayo, uthele amanzi phezu kwemigqa bese uhlwanyela imbewu kuyo, ungatshali ngaphezu kuka-1,5-2 cm emhlabathini. Isipinashi asikwazi ukumelana nokubanda, kepha uma ukutshala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kungcono ukusidlala siphephile futhi simboze umbhede ongadini ngefilimu - lokhu ngeke kuvikele nje imbewu emakhazeni, kodwa futhi kusheshise ukuhluma kwayo. Kusuka kumbewu elungiselelwe kahle, izithombo zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7.

Izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni, kanye nama-gourmets afuna ukuthola imifino yamavithamini unyaka wonke, banesithakazelo esikhulu embuzweni: indlela yokukhulisa isipinashi efasiteleni lendlu yakho, futhi kufanele kube yini ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo? Ukukhulisa uhlaza ekhaya kuvulandi noma efasiteleni akunzima kunokukutshala ezweni. Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa isitsha kanye nengxube yenhlabathi.

Ekhaya, ungatshala isipinashi ngembewu ebhodweni lezimbali eli-1 litre elijwayelekile, noma isitsha sepulasitiki esinezimbobo phansi, ongakwazi ukugxumela kuso izitshalo esitsheni esihlukile. Phansi ebhodweni (isitsha) kubalulekile ukubeka ungqimba lokudonsa amanzi, ngoba isipinashi sithanda umswakama kakhulu, kepha amanzi amile ayingozi kuso.

Ingxube yenhlabathi yokutshala isitshalo ekhaya ingalungiswa kusuka engxenyeni engu-1 yesihlabathi, izingxenye ezi-2 ze-turf kanye nenani elifanayo le-humus, noma sebenzisa i-substrate enengxenye engu-1 ye-biohumus nezingxenye ezi-2 zefiber kakhukhunathi. Ukutshala imbewu kwenziwa ekujuleni kuka-1,5-2 cm, isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu noma ingilazi kuze kube ukuhluma. Ekhaya, njengomthetho, umoya womile kakhulu futhi ufudumala kakhulu, futhi izitshalo zidinga izinga lokushisa lika-15-17 ° C ngokukhula okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekele ukudala izimo ezinjalo kusengaphambili.

Ividiyo "Konke mayelana nokutshala isipinashi"

Ividiyo yomboniso enamathiphu nolwazi ngokukhula kwesipinashi.

Okukhethekile kokukhula

Isipinashi asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nemibandela, ngoba iyisitshalo esivuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi esingenasizotha, noma kunjalo, kunamaphuzu nezici ezithile, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi yini ongayenza ukutshala imifino ewusizo ibe yimpumelelo futhi ivune kakhulu:

• amazambane, ama-radishes, okusanhlamvu, ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, utamatisi kubhekwa njengabanduleli abangcono kakhulu besipinashi, ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele utshale isitshalo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 endaweni eyodwa;

• indawo yokutshala izitshalo kufanele ibe nelanga elivulekile (abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukutshala isipinashi egqumeni elincane), kepha ehlobo elishisayo lesi sitshalo sizizwa simnandi ngisho nasemthunzini omncane;

• izimila zesipinashi azihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-2 - ukuze zibe nemifino enempilo phakathi nenkathi yonyaka, kunconywa ukutshala imbewu ezweni ngezigaba eziningana kanye nesikhawu samaviki ama-2;

• ungatshala isitshalo endaweni evulekile hhayi entwasahlobo kuphela, kodwa nasekwindla - uma imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - Septhemba, khona-ke imifino emisha izovela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi imbewu ye-overwintered izoba namandla futhi isivuno esivela kubo. kuzoba ngekhwalithi engcono;

• izitshalo azikhuli kahle enhlabathini ene-asidi - i-asidi ingancishiswa ngokungeza umcako, ushoki, ufulawa we-dolomite;

• ukwandisa isikhathi sokukhula sesipinashi, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusika iziqongo zamahlumela ezitshalo zabantu abadala - lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamaqabunga amasha futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kwemicibisholo ngama-peduncle.

Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zesipinashi kunezici zayo. Ngokuvamile azikho izinkinga ngezinhlobo ezisheshe zivuthwe, njenge-Gigantic, Godri, kanye nehybrid manje edumile i-Matador nayo ikhula kahle. Kodwa, isibonelo, isipinashi saseNew Zealand sidingeka kakhulu ezimweni. Okokuqala, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zaseNew Zealand endaweni evulekile kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezithonjeni, ngoba isiko liyi-thermophilic kakhulu. Okwesibili, imbewu yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ihluma kabi kakhulu, futhi umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwesikhuthazi sokukhula.

Kodwa-ke, esithandwa abaningi, isipinashi saseNew Zealand sinezinzuzo ezithile: ngenxa yohlaza lwaso oluluhlaza, izitshalo ezindala zicindezela ukukhula kokhula, ngakho-ke azidingi ukhula, futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinhlobonhlobo zaseNew Zealand aziqhakazi futhi aziqhakazi. dubula imicibisholo ngesikhathi sesomiso, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Isiko elikhulayo ekhaya libuye libe nezici zalo. Uma imbewu itshalwe ebusika, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi izitshalo ngeke zibe nokukhanya kwelanga okwanele futhi kuzodingeka ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi ezimweni zefulethini cishe njalo lifudumele futhi lomile, futhi isipinashi isitshalo esithanda umswakama, udinga njalo ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi futhi ufafaze njalo amahlamvu.

Care

Ukunakekela isipinashi endaweni evulekile kuhlanganisa ukuchelela kanye nokunisela ngesikhathi. Ukukhipha ukhula kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili okuqala ezitshalweni - ngalesi sikhathi, umbhede kufanele uncishiswe, ushiye amahlumela aqine kakhulu ebangeni lika-10-15 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukhula kufanele lususwe futhi ama-aisles kufanele akhululwe. Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwesiko kuhlanganisa enye i-3-4 ye-weeding.

Udinga ukuchelela umbhede kaningi, ngoba isomiso siholela ekulandeleni kwezihlahla kanye nokuphela kokukhula kwenqwaba eluhlaza, kodwa izitshalo akufanele zigcwale. Isipinashi sivundiswa kuphela uma sikhula emhlabathini osuphelile - umanyolo osetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokutshala umhlabathi wanele umhlabathi ovundile. Imifino yesipinashi, etshalwe ekhaya ebhodweni, idinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kakhulu: ukuchelela okuvamile, ukukhulula, nokufafaza amaqabunga. Izitshalo zasendlini zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi, kodwa umswakama udinga ukuphakama ngokwanele.

Isipinashi asivamile ukugula, kodwa ukubonakala kwe-powdery mildew nokubola emaqabunga akubandakanyi. Kulokhu, ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukususa izitshalo ezigulayo engadini, ngoba kungafuneki ukusebenzisa ama-chemical agents for the isiko.

Ukuvuna

Baqala ukuqoqa isipinashi lapho amaqabunga angama-5-8 ekhula endaweni yokuphuma. Ezinhlobonhlobo ngayinye, lesi sikhathi siqala ngezikhathi ezihlukene: izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala (Godry, Giant) zivuthwa ezinsukwini eziyi-18-25 kusukela ngosuku lokuhlwanyela, izinhlobo eziphuzile naphakathi kokuvuthwa (Victoria, New Zealand) sezilungele ukuvunwa ngo-6- 8 amasonto. Ngisho noma isipinashi saseNew Zealand sitshalwe ezithonjeni, isivuno sokuqala singathathwa ngaphambi kwenyanga kamuva, kusukela ekuqaleni ngemva kokutshala izitshalo zikhula kancane kakhulu.

Lapho uqoqa imifino, udinga ukudabula ngokucophelela amaqabunga angaphandle, ushiye phakathi nendawo yokuphuma iphelele. Kungcono ukuvuna ekuseni ngemva kokuba amazolo omile, noma kusihlwa ngaphambi kokuba abonakale - imifino kufanele ibe yomile, njengoba amaqabunga amanzi abola ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike ekutheni amaqabunga asikwa kangaki nokuthi ingadi inakekelwa kanjani. Kunoma yikuphi, isipinashi sivunwa kuphela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwesitshalo.

Isitoreji sesipinashi

Kunezindlela eziningana zokugcina isipinashi. Ukuze ugcine isikhathi esifushane, imifino igoqwe ku-polyethylene noma indwangu emanzi futhi ifakwe esiqandisini, kuyilapho amaqabunga kufanele ome, njengoba amanzi azobola ngokushesha. Emazingeni okushisa asuka ku-0 kuye ku-+1 ° C, amaqabunga esipinashi agcinwa izinsuku ezingafika kweziyi-10.

Ukuze sigcinwe isikhathi eside, isipinashi siyaqandiswa, somiswe futhi sifakwe ethini. Ukuze kube yiqhwa, kokubili amakhambi amasha kanye nama-blanched, noma aqoshwe esimweni se-puree afanelekile. Ukuqandisa amakhambi amasha, amaqabunga kufanele agezwe, omiswe, bese esikwa, afakwe esikhwameni noma esitsheni, bese efakwa efrijini. Okufanayo kungenziwa ngesipinashi esi-blanched.

Okomisa, imifino ilungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo neqhwa, isakazwa kuphela ephepheni noma ebhodini lokubhaka, ibekwe endaweni eyomile, emnyama, lapho inqubo yokomisa yenzeka khona. Amakhosikazi amaningi asebenzisa indlela yokuvuna njengosawoti noma ukufaka amathini. Kuzo zombili izimo, isipinashi sigcina umbala waso oluhlaza kanye nezakhiwo ezinenzuzo.

Ividiyo "Amaqhinga wokutshala isipinashi"

Ividiyo efundisayo enamathiphu awusizo wokutshala imifino.