I-Phobia (noma ukwesaba okungenangqondo)

I-Phobia (noma ukwesaba okungenangqondo)

Igama elithi "phobia" lisho izinhlobonhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njenge-agoraphobia, i-claustrophobia, i-social phobia, njll. phobia ibonakala nge ukwesaba okungenangqondo an isimo esithile, njengokwesaba ukuthatha ikheshi, noma a into eziqondile, njengokwesaba izicabucabu. Kodwa i-phobia ingaphezu kokwesaba okulula: ingokoqobo usizi lokho kubamba abantu ababhekene nakho. Umuntu one-phobic impela uyazi yokwesaba kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, uzama ukugwema, ngazo zonke izindlela, isimo esesabekayo noma into.

Nsuku zonke, ukuhlushwa yi-phobia kungakhubaza kancane noma kancane. Uma kuyi-ophidiophobia, okusho ukuthi ukwesaba izinyoka, umuntu, isibonelo, ngeke abe nobunzima ekugwemeni lesi silwane okukhulunywa ngaso.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye ama-phobias kuba nzima ukuwanciphisa nsuku zonke, njengokwesaba izixuku noma ukwesaba ukushayela. Kulokhu, umuntu ohloniphayo uzama, kepha kaningi ngeze, ukunqoba ukukhathazeka lesi simo asinikeza yena. Ukukhathazeka okuhambisana ne-phobia kungashintsha kube ukuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka futhi kumqedele ngokushesha umuntu we-phobic, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ujwayele ukuzihlukanisa kancane kancane ukuze aqhelane nalezi zimo eziyinkinga. Lokhu ukugwema kungaba nemiphumela engabalulekile kangako empilweni yobungcweti kanye/noma yezenhlalo yabantu abaphethwe i-phobia.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-phobias. Ezigabeni, siqala ukuthola ama-phobias elula nama-phobias eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho ikakhulukazi kuvela i-agoraphobia kanye ne-social phobia.

Phakathi kwama-phobias alula, sithola:

  • Ama-phobias ohlobo lwezilwane okuhambisana nokwesaba okubangelwa izilwane noma izinambuzane;
  • I-Phobias yohlobo "lwemvelo yemvelo". okuhambisana nokwesaba okubangelwa izakhi zemvelo njengokuduma kwezulu, ukuphakama noma amanzi;
  • I-Phobias yegazi, imijovo noma ukulimala okuhambisana nokwesaba okuhlobene nezinqubo zokwelapha;
  • I-phobias yesimo okuhlobene nokwesaba okubangelwa isimo esithile njengokuthatha izithuthi zomphakathi, imigudu, amabhuloho, ukuhamba ngendiza, amakheshi, ukushayela noma izindawo ezivalekile.

Ukuvama

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, eFrance umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi uhlushwa ukwesaba10. Abesifazane bazothinteka kakhulu (abesifazane abangu-2 kowesilisa oyedwa). Okokugcina, amanye ama-phobias avame kakhulu kunamanye futhi amanye angathinta abantu abasha noma abadala kakhulu.

Ama-phobias avamile

Isicabucabu phobia (arachnophobia)

I-Phobia yezimo zenhlalo (i-social phobia)

I-Aerodromophobia (i-Aerodromophobia)

I-phobia yezindawo ezivulekile (i-agoraphobia)

I-phobia yezikhala ezivalekile (i-claustrophobia)

I-Acrophobia (i-Acrophobia)

I-phobia yamanzi (i-aquaphobia)

I-Cancer phobia (cancerophobia)

Ukuduma kwesiphepho, iziphepho (cheimophobia)

Ukufa phobia (necrophobia)

I-Phobia yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (i-cardiophobia)

Ama-phobias angavamile

I-Fruit phobia (i-carpophobia)

I-Cat phobia (i-ailourophobia)

I-Dog phobia (i-cynophobia)

I-phobia yokungcola kwamagciwane (i-mysophobia)

I-phobia yokubeletha (tokophobia)

Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe kwisampula labantu abayi-1000, abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-18 kuya kwengu-70, abacwaningi bakhombisile ukuthi abesifazane bathinteka kakhulu ngenxa yokwesaba izilwane kunabesilisa. Ngokwalolu cwaningo olufanayo, ama-phobias wezinto ezingaphili angabakhathaza asebekhulile. Ekugcineni, ukwesaba imijovo kubonakala kwehla ngokuguga1.

Ukwesaba "okuvamile" ngesikhathi sobuntwana

Ezinganeni, ukwesaba okuthile kuvamile futhi kuyingxenye yokukhula kwazo okuvamile. Phakathi kokwesaba okuvame kakhulu, singasho: ukwesaba ukwahlukana, ukwesaba ubumnyama, ukwesaba izilo, ukwesaba izilwane ezincane, njll.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwesaba kubonakala futhi kunyamalale ngokukhula ngaphandle kokuphazamisa impilo yonke yengane. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwesaba okuthile kufakwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni nasenhlalakahleni yengane, ungangabazi ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane.

kwesifo

Ukuxilonga phobia, kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuntu wethula ukwesaba okuphikelelayo izimo ezithile noma izinto ezithile.

Umuntu osaba kakhulu wesaba ukubhekana nesimo noma into esatshwayo. Lokhu kwesaba kungasheshe kube ukukhathazeka unomphela okungathi kwesinye isikhathi kukhule kube ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka. Lokhu kukhathazeka kwenza umuntu ohloniphekile à ukudlula izimo noma izinto ezivusa ukwesaba kuye, ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo ukugwema kanye / noma ukuvuselelwa (gwema into noma ucele umuntu ukuthi abe khona ukuze aqinisekiswe).

Ukuxilonga i-phobia, uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angabhekisa ku- I-diagnostic criteria ye-phobia evela ku I-DSM IV (Incwadi Yokuhlola Nezibalo Zezinkinga Zengqondo - 4st edition) noma I-CIM-10 (Ukwahlukaniswa Kwezibalo Ngamazwe Ngezifo kanye Nezinkinga Ezihlobene Nempilo - 10st ukubuyekeza). Angahola a inhlolokhono eqondile yomtholampilo ukuze uthole ifayela le- izimpawu ukubonakaliswa kwe-phobia.

Izikali eziningi ezifana isikali sokwesaba (FSS III) noma futhiI-Marks neMattews Yesaba Uhlu lwemibuzo, ziyatholakala kodokotela nakwizazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. Bangakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ukuze qinisekisa ngokuxilonga ukuxilongwa kwabo futhi bahlole i-umfutho ye-phobia kanye nemiphumela yalokhu engaba nayo empilweni yansuku zonke yesiguli.

Izimbangela

I-Phobia ingaphezu kokwesaba, isifo sokukhathazeka sangempela. Amanye ama-phobias akhula kalula ebuntwaneni, njengokukhathazeka ngokuhlukaniswa nomama (ukukhathazeka ngokuhlukana), kuyilapho amanye avela kakhulu ebusheni noma ebudaleni. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi isenzakalo esibuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu kakhulu kungase kube umsuka wokubukeka kwe-phobia.

The ama-phobias alula ngokuvamile ukukhula ebuntwaneni. Izimpawu zakudala zingaqala phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 neyisi-8. Isikhathi esiningi, balandela isenzakalo ingane esizwayo njengesingemnandi futhi esicindezelayo. Lezi zenzakalo zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ukuvakasha kwezokwelashwa, ukugoma noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Izingane ezivaleleke endaweni evaliwe nemnyama ngemva kwengozi zingase zibe nokwesaba kwezikhala ezivalekile, okubizwa ngokuthi i-claustrophobia. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izingane zibe nokwesaba “ngokufunda.2 »Uma bexhumana nabanye abantu abane-phobic endaweni yemindeni yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ethintana nelungu lomndeni elesaba amagundane, ingane ingase ibe nokwesaba amagundane. Impela uzobe esehlanganise umqondo wokuthi kudingekile ukuwesaba.

Imvelaphi yama-phobias anzima kakhulu ukukhonjwa. Izici eziningi (i-neurobiological, zofuzo, ezengqondo noma ezemvelo) zibonakala zidlala indima ekubukekeni kwazo.

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu ngendlela ethile “buhlelwe” ukuzwa ukwesaba okuthile (izinyoka, ubumnyama, ubuze, njll.). Kubukeka sengathi ukwesaba okuthile kuyingxenye yefa lethu lofuzo futhi ngokuqinisekile yilokhu okusivumele ukuthi siphile endaweni enobutha (izilwane zasendle, izinto zemvelo, njll.) Lapho okhokho bethu bavela khona.

Izinkinga ezihlanganisiwe

Abantu abane-phobia bavame ukuba nezinye izifo ezingokwengqondo ezihambisanayo ezifana nalezi:

  • ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, njengokuphazamiseka kwesifo noma enye i-phobia.
  • ukucindezeleka.
  • ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinto ezinezimpawu ze-anxiolytic ezifana notshwala3.

Izinkinga

Ukuhlupheka ngenxa ye-phobia kungaba yinkinga yangempela kumuntu onayo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungaba nemiphumela empilweni engokomzwelo, yezenhlalo neyomsebenzi wabantu abesaba. Ekuzameni ukulwa nokukhathazeka okuhambisana ne-phobia, abanye abantu bangasebenzisa kabi izinto ezithile ngezici zokukhathazeka ezinjengezidakamizwa zotshwala nezengqondo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi lokhu kukhathazeka kuphenduke ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile. Ezimweni eziphawuleka kakhulu, i-phobia nayo ingaholela abanye abantu ekuzibulaleni.

shiya impendulo