Okuqukethwe
I-Payara, i-payara, i-sachorra - izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile emifuleni yaseNingizimu Melika. Ososayensi babiza le nhlanzi - i-mackerel hydrolic. Uhlelo lwezinhlanzi ezingaphansi kwalo luhlanganisa imindeni engu-18 esatshalaliswa emifuleni yaseCentral, eNingizimu Melika nase-Equatorial Africa. Isici sezinhlanzi ze-oda, kufaka phakathi abakhokhayo, ubukhona balokho okubizwa. "i-adipose fin", efana ne-salmon noma i-catfish. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo sale nhlanzi ngamazinyo ayo amakhulu, kanye nesakhiwo esikhethekile sekhanda esihlotshaniswa nalokhu. Ama-canine aphansi agqama kakhulu, kubantu abakhulu abanobude obufika ku-15 cm. Lapho umlomo uvaliwe, la mazinyo afihlwa ezonweni ezikhethekile emhlathini ongenhla. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuyingozi, le nhlanzi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “inhlanzi ye-vampire” noma “inhlanzi kadeveli”. Yonke imihlathi yezinhlanzi inamazinyo amakhulu amise okwe-canine. Le payara icishe ifane ne-tiger fish. Ikhanda likhulu, umlomo mkhulu, unamandla okubamba inyamazane enkulu. Imihlathi inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iqukethe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko. Abanye abacwaningi bathi i-payara iyakwazi ukuzingela inyamazane ingxenye yobukhulu bayo. Umzimba umude, umise okwe-spindle, ubekwe eceleni, umbozwe ngezikali ezincane zesiliva, ingxenye engaphezulu yomzimba imnyama. I-caudal enamandla kanye nezansi, amaphiko e-ventral ashintshela kuwo, anikeze inhlanzi umbhukudi okhuthele ohlala ezindaweni ezisheshayo zemifula. Ubukhulu be-Payara bungafinyelela ku-120 cm futhi bube nesisindo esifika ku-18 kg. Ihlukile kusimo esinodlame kanye nokumelana nokuphelelwa yithemba lapho ifakwa egiyeni. Ikhetha ukugcina izingxenye ezisheshayo zomfula, ama-rapids, imigodi yangaphambi komkhawulo kanye nezithiyo. U-Payara ungumzingeli osebenzayo. Into yokuzingela yinoma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezihlala echibini, ezincane kunezilwane ezizingelayo ngokwazo. Abantu abancane bavame ukwakha imihlambi. Izinhlanzi zisebenza kakhulu phakathi kukaJanuwari no-April.
Izindlela zokudoba
U-Payara uyisiminzi kakhulu, kodwa uyaqaphela. Izindawo ezithile kuphela ezingagcinwa emfuleni, okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo noma ezidinga ama-casts amade kakhulu. Kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu ukudoba kwezemidlalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isabela ezilinganisweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingokwemvelo. Indlela eyinhloko yokudoba iwukuphotha nokusetshenziswa kwezicucu ezinkulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kanye nezinye izinhlanzi zaseNingizimu Melika, ukudoba ngempukane sekudumile. Bonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, abadobi - abadobi abakhokhayo, qaphela iphesenti elincane lokulunywa okudayisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa, okokuqala, ukwakheka kwekhanda kanye nokuqina kwemishini yomhlathi wezinhlanzi.
Ukubamba izinhlanzi phezu kwenduku yokuphotha
Ukuphotha kuseyiyona ndlela edume kakhulu yokubamba izinhlanzi emifuleni yaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Lapho udoba endaweni ekhokhayo, imvamisa, izinduku ezinamandla zokuphotha zisetshenziselwa ukubamba ama-bait amakhulu. Izinduku kufanele zibe zesenzo esisheshayo ukuya esisheshayo, esikwazi ukuphoqelela ukulwa emanzini anamandla noma ezimweni eziminyene zokudoba ogwini ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ama-reel anamandla kufanele abe nokungqubuzana okungenazinkinga kanye ne-spool enkulu yezintambo eziwugqinsi. Lokhu kungenxa, okokuqala, izimo ezinzima zokudoba. Iningi lemifula ehlala i-payara inezinhlobonhlobo zamadwala noma phansi ezimbozwe ngezinto ezimahhadla, okuvame ukuholela emaweni lapho idlala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhokhi kanye nezinye izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zendawo azivinjelwa ukusetshenziswa "kwemishini enzima". Abantu bendawo bavame ukusebenzisa izingcezu zocingo esikhundleni sezintambo. Ukuba khona kwama-leashes ensimbi kufaneleka impela, uma kuphela ngesizathu sokuthi ukuhlukahluka kanye nenani lezilwane ezidla inyama zendawo akuvumeli ukuthi umuntu aqondise uhlobo olulodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunomunye umbono wokuthi izakhi ezengeziwe azilondolozi okuningi emaweni, kodwa zenza inqubo yokudoba ibe nzima. Kunoma yikuphi, lapho ubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu zaseNingizimu Melika, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zokuqinisa amandla aphezulu kuyadingeka. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zokubhekana nazo ziyefana, njengokudoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezifudukayo.
Fly ukudoba
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ngenxa yokuthandwa okwandayo kokudoba izindiza endaweni ye-post-Soviet, abadobi abaningi basekhaya baye bajoyina abathandi bezinhlanzi ezingavamile ngezintambo zokwenziwa ngale ndlela. Kuvele umthala wonke wabadobi abachwepheshile ekudobeni okunjalo kuphela. Bonke abadobi bamampukane abaziwayo bakubheka njengokubalulekile ukuvakashela imifula yasezindaweni ezishisayo ukuze ubambe izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye. Umkhokheli akazange asilekele lesi siphetho, ukudoba okubhekwa, ngandlela thile, “njengokugqamisa” ekudobeni kwezindiza. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inhlanzi izingela ngenkuthalo kuzo zonke izingqimba zamanzi, okuthi, ngokwezinga elithile, kube lula ukukhetha ama-baits. Lapho udoba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka izindawo zokuhlala zale nhlanzi. Ukudoba, izinduku ezihlukahlukene zesandla esisodwa "zesigaba sasolwandle" noma ukucushwa okuhambisanayo kusetshenziswa, nge-reel enamandla kanye nenani elikhulu lokusekela. Ngendlela yama-baits, basebenzisa ama-streamer nama-poppers amakhulu, ukuphonsa okuyinto, kungcono ukuqhuba izintambo namakhanda amancane. Abadobi abanolwazi bavame ukusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezihlahla ezingaphansi komhlaba kuyakhethwa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ubukhulu bezintambo kufanele buhambisane nenani okungenani elingu-0,6 mm. Ngokombono wokuthi izinhlanzi zendawo azinamahloni, futhi ukulinganiselwa embundwini ongaphezulu wokuqina kuhlotshaniswa nekhono lokubopha, emfuleni, "emadolweni", amafindo okubamba okuthembekile avela emgqeni wokudoba oqinile.
Amahubo
Ukudoba, abakhokhi bentela basebenzisa ama-bait ahlukahlukene, kusukela kwangaphandle kakhulu kuya kwendabuko ngokuphelele, kubadobi basekhaya. Izidingo eziyinhloko zingabhekwa njengosayizi omkhulu namandla. Kungaba ama-spinner, ama-wobblers, ama-silicone ama-baits. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinsimbi usebenzisa izinhlanzi eziphilayo noma izingcezu zayo. Abanye abantu bendawo babamba i-payara ngaphandle kwehhuku, besebenzisa indwangu ebomvu. Inhlanzi ibamba isiyelo, kodwa ngenxa yamazinyo amade, ayikwazi ukuzikhulula.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwalolu hlobo luncane futhi lukhawulelwe emifuleni esendaweni eshisayo yaseNingizimu Melika. Izindawo zokudoba ezidume kakhulu imifula yase-Orinoco ne-Amazon. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abacwaningi bachaza izinhlanzi kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwendawo lapho kuhlala khona i-payara. Izinhlanzi zithanda ama-rapids asheshayo emifuleni yamanzi, kuhlanganise nemisele emincane etholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme zemifula yaseNingizimu Melika. Phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ukubalula: Paraguya, Churun, nabanye. Ihlala ezindaweni ezahlukene emfuleni, okuhlanganisa nokudonsa amade. Ngokwezinga elithile, kungaphikiswana ngokuthi ama-specimens amakhulu kakhulu avame ukuma kude nogu ekujuleni okungafika ku-10 m. Izinhlanzi ezincane zibuthana njengemihlambi kanye nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, emfuleni, ekujuleni okungafika ku-5 m. Inani elikhulu labantu be-payara lihlala eLake Guri. I-Payara ayihlali phansi, ihamba ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomfula, kuhlanganise nokugijima kokuzala, okufana nokufuduka kwe-salmon efudukayo. Ivamise ukuthi ibhalwe ngoJanuwari, February.