Okuqukethwe
Ukudoba i-halibut
Ama-Halibuts noma "izilimi" ayingxenye yomndeni omkhulu we-flounder. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-flounder ezihlukene, ama-halibuts afakwe eqenjini lama-flounders asenyakatho futhi enza izigaba ezintathu: ezimhlophe-ezinamaphiko, ezimnyama (isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kanye ne-arrow-toothed. Isizukulwane sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-5 ezihlala ebangeni elikhulu ukusuka eNyakatho ye-Atlantic kuya oLwandle lwaseJapan. Ama-Halibuts ahlukile ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-flounder emzimbeni omude kakhulu kanye ne-asymmetry yekhanda elingasho lutho. Womabili amehlo ezinhlanzi asohlangothini olulodwa. Umlomo we-halibut mkhulu kakhulu futhi ufinyelela cishe ezingeni leso futhi usuka ngaphandle. Umlomo unamazinyo amakhulu abukhali. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi izinhlanzi zihlala kuphi; isisu simhlophe. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sobukhulu bomzimba wezinhlanzi sichazwa ngezilinganiso ezilandelayo: ububanzi buhambisana nengxenye yesithathu yobude. Njengomthetho, abantu abancane bahlala endaweni engasogwini, kodwa olwandle, ikakhulukazi ekujuleni okukhulu, abantu abangaba ngu-300 kg noma ngaphezulu bangatholakala. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke yi-Atlantic halibut enamaphiko amhlophe, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwayo akuvunyelwe, lezi zinhlobo zibhalwe ku-European Red Book. Ngenkathi iphumule noma iqamekele, inhlanzi ilala phansi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-halibut iphakama isuka phansi, kuyilapho ihamba, iphendulela umzimba ngohlangothi. Ngokuvamile, ama-halibuts ahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezihlala phansi. Izinhlanzi ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye ezisebenzayo naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zivame ukuzingela ziqamekele. Badla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezingaphansi: ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans, kanye nezinhlanzi (njenge-pollock, cod, gerbils nezinye).
Izindlela zokudoba
I-Halibut ibanjwe ngemishini yokudoba. Imvamisa, ama-tiers aphansi ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa lokhu. Ukubamba i-halibut ngegiya lokuzilibazisa kuwumsebenzi wangaphandle odume kakhulu eNyakatho Yurophu, eMelika naseMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia. Izinkampani eziningi zokudoba zinikeza izinkambo ezihlukene zokudoba le nhlanzi. Njengoba kunikezwe izici zendawo yokuhlala, indlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza amateur "ukudoba ngamapayipi". Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa imishini ehlukahlukene kanye nezinduku zokudoba. Enguqulweni elula kakhulu, ingaba i-reel yokhuni noma i-spool ye-voluminous plastic, lapho kulimala khona isikafula noma intambo, ekugcineni lapho okokusebenza kufakwe khona. Imishini enjalo iyathakazelisa ngoba lapho ukudoba, ukuxhumana okuqondile nezinhlanzi kwenziwa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho uluma inhlanzi enkulu, isipiliyoni esithile sokudlala siyadingeka ukuze ungalimali. Indlela elula kakhulu yokudoba iwukuba ukudoba olwandle ukuze uthole ukuheha okuma mpo usebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene, kokubili amalubi emvelo kanye nezicucu zokwenziwa ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye izinkampani zokudoba zijwayela ukubhuquza okujulile kwe-halibut. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona abathandi bokudoba impukane okuthi, ngokulungiselela okuthile nokubekezela, babambe i-halibut ngalokhu kubamba.
Ukubamba izinhlanzi phezu kwenduku yokuphotha
Ngaphambi kokudoba i-halibut yokuqala, kufanelekile ukujwayelana nezici zokudoba le nhlanzi. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokudoba i-halibut ukunyakazisa. Ukudoba kwenzeka ezikebheni nasezikebheni zamakilasi ahlukahlukene. Ngokuqondene nokubamba ezinye izakhamuzi eziningi ezinkulu zasolwandle, abadobi basebenzisa izinto zokuphotha ukuze badobe i-halibut. Kuwo wonke amagiya ekudobeni okuphotha izinhlanzi zasolwandle, njengasendaweni ye-trolling, imfuneko eyinhloko ukwethembeka. Ama-reel kufanele abe nokunikezwa okuhlaba umxhwele kwentambo yokudoba noma intambo. Ngaphandle kwe-braking system engenazinkinga, ikhoyili kufanele ivikelwe emanzini anosawoti. Ukudoba ngokuphotha emkhunjini kungase kuhluke ezimisweni zokunikezwa kwezihenqo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukudoba kungase kwenzeke ekujuleni okukhulu, okusho ukuthi kudingekile ukukhipha umugqa isikhathi eside, okudinga ukuzikhandla okuthile ngokomzimba ohlangothini lomdobi kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo zamandla okubamba kanye nama-reels, ikakhulukazi. Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, amakhoyili angaba kokubili kokuphindaphinda futhi angabi ne-inertial. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izinduku zikhethwa ngokuya ngesistimu ye-reel. Uma udoba ngezinhlanzi zasolwandle eziphothayo, indlela yokudoba ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze ukhethe izintambo ezifanele, kufanele uthintane nabadobi basendaweni abanolwazi noma abaqondisi. Lapho ubamba i-halibut, futhi ikakhulukazi osayizi bendondo, ukubekezela okukhulu nolwazi lokudlala izinhlanzi ezinkulu kuyadingeka. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inhlanzi ilwela ukuphila kwayo “kuze kube sekugcineni.” Lapho udoba, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu. Abadobi bangalimala izinhlanzi ngenkathi bedlala noma ngenkathi begibele. Kunamacala aziwayo okugingqika kwezikebhe ezincane nge-halibut ngesikhathi sokugibela nokunye.
Amahubo
Ukudoba i-halibut, ama-bait ahlukahlukene kanye nama-baits asetshenziswa. Kusungulwe inombolo enkulu yamarigi akhethekile avumela ukusetshenziswa kwakho kokubili ukudlalwa okuphilayo kanye nezilo zokwenziwa. Inhlanzi isabela kahle ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane: ukusikwa kwezinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobo zendawo, kanye nenyama yama-crustaceans nama-mollusks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bait ephilayo isetshenziswa, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile enekhanda elibambayo. Ngaphandle kwezilwane ezifuywayo zemvelo, kusetshenziswa ama-bait ahlukahlukene okufakelwa: ama-spinner, ukulingiswa kwe-silicone, njalonjalo.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Indawo yazo zonke i-halibuts izilwandle ezisenyakatho yolwandle i-Atlantic, Arctic kanye nePacific. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, indawo yokuhlala ithatha isifunda kusukela oLwandle iBarents kuya oLwandle lwaseJapane. Zihlala ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene, ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ku-2000 m, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesihlabathi, lapho zimba khona emhlabathini. Ziyizinhlanzi ezithanda amakhaza. Ezindaweni ezinamanzi abandayo, itholakala eduze nogu.
Ukuzalela
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-7-10 ubudala. Ukuzala kwenzeka ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kuye ngokuthi isifunda. Ezinsikazi zizalela amaqanda azo eduze nendawo enesihlabathi esinamadwala ekujuleni okungafika ku-1000 m. Ukuzala kuphezulu impela. I-Caviar ibhekwa njenge-pelargic. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-caviar kufana nezinye izinhlanzi ze-flounder. Ekuqaleni, i-halibut Fry ifana nezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile. Amaqanda akhukhuleka isikhathi esithile kukholamu yamanzi kanye neplankton. Izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwezibungu lincike ekushiseni kwemvelo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-halibuts angaveza inani elikhulu le-caviar - kuze kube yizicucu eziyisigidi. Ngaphambi kokuzinza phansi kanye ne-metamorphoses ngokushintsha kwesimo somzimba, izinhlanzi ezincane zidla izilwane ezingenamgogodla.