Okuqukethwe
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamakhowe e-oyster zijwayelekile, i-elm, ehlanganisiwe, yamaphaphu nekwindla. Wonke lawa mafomu anezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni nasembonini yezemithi. Njengoba kunikezwe izinzuzo zamakhowe e-oyster, asetshenziselwa ngenkuthalo ukulungisa izitsha ezihlukahlukene, asetshenziselwa ukulungisa amakhambi ngokusho kwemithi yokwelapha yendabuko yokwelapha amanxeba nokukhipha ubuthi.
Ebusika, lawa makhowe athambekele ekubeni yiqhwa futhi abe nzima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulula ukuwashaya ngenduku. Izinga lamakhowe e-oyster ebusika lincike esiteji lapho amakhowe ayenokwehla okubukhali kwezinga lokushisa. Uma ama-frosts ayesanda kuqala, angaqhwaza ngendlela encane. Uma kwenzeka ukuncibilika okuningana kwasebusika, lawa makhowe angase anyamalale. Izimfanelo eziwusizo zigcinwa ebusika.
Uzofunda mayelana nokuthi amakhowe e-oyster abukeka kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izakhiwo anazo kuleli khasi.
Incazelo ye-oyster mushroom
I-cap ye-oyster mushroom evamile (i-Pleurotus ostreatus) inobubanzi obungu-4-12 cm. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-oyster, i-oval noma i-oval shape ye-cap, i-gray-brown, i-creamy-brown ngombala enengxenye emaphakathi emnyama. Izisekelo zemizimba yezithelo zihlanganisiwe.
Kulolu hlobo lwamakhowe e-oyster, isiqu sifushane, sitholakala ngokulinganayo, ngokuvamile sisohlangothini lwe-cap, sinobude obungu-2-7 cm nobukhulu obuyi-10-25 mm. Isiqu sinombala ofanayo nesigqoko futhi sitholakala eceleni kwesigqoko.
I-Pulp: mncane, uminyene, umhlophe, ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga.
Amapuleti anamathele, ehla eduze kwesiqu, njalo, ukhilimu noma ophuzi okhanyayo ngombala.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka ukusuka kunsundu ukuya ku-brownish-grey.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngokubukeka, ikhowe le-oyster elivamile lifana nekhowe le-oyster yamaphaphu (Pleurotus pulmonarius), elihlukaniswa ngombala walo okhilimu kanye nekepisi elimise okwendlebe.
Impahla enqwabelene yezinto eziyingozi: lolu hlobo lunempahla enhle yokuqoqwa okuphansi kwezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Ukudla: amakhowe we-oyster ajwayelekile anezakhi eziphezulu zokudla okunomsoco, angabiliswa futhi athoswe, ekheniwe.
Izigaba ezidliwayo, zesi-2 nezi-3 - esikhathini sasekwindla kanye nezigaba zesi-3 nezi-4 - ebusika.
Amakhowe e-oyster ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba nasekuqaleni kukaDisemba asenokubukeka kwawo okujwayelekile. Ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ziyashintsha, zithole umbala onsundu ophuzi.
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile, okhunini oluqinile olubolayo, akhula ngamagatsha namaqembu.
Isizini: ukukhula okujulile - kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, futhi kusukela ngoNovemba nasebusika, ukukhula kuyama. Ebusika, isimo samakhowe oyster ezihlahleni sincike esigabeni lapho isithwathwa siwabambe khona nokuthi yisiphi isimo sezulu esandulela ukuqala kwamazinga okushisa angemahle. Uma, lapho kuqala isithwathwa, izigxobo sezifinyelele ekukhuleni kwazo okuphezulu futhi zome kancane, khona-ke ebusika zoma kancane futhi zilenga ezihlahleni zesithwathwa esimweni esiqinile, lapho zingasikwa.
Uma ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesithwathwa kwakukhona isimo sezulu esimanzi, khona-ke amakhowe aqhwaza futhi abe nzima, "ingilazi". Kulesi simo, azikwazi ukunqunywa isiqu, kodwa zingashaywa ngenduku noma zikhishwe ngommese. Ukusetshenziswa kwezembe akuvunyelwe ukugwema ukulimaza izihlahla.
Lapha ungabona isithombe se-oyster mushroom yohlobo olujwayelekile, incazelo yalo enikezwe ngenhla:
Ibukeka kanjani i-elm oyster mushroom (enesithombe)
I-Elm lyophyllum, noma i-elm oyster mushroom (Lyophyllum ulmarium) ayivamile kakhulu ebusika. Eqinisweni, ayadliwa ngendlela efanayo namakhowe e-oyster avamile, kodwa kunzima ukuwafinyelela ngenxa yendawo yawo ephakeme eziqwini zezihlahla.
Ebusika, zivame ukuhlala emagobeni e-oki, ngokuvamile ekuphakameni kwamamitha angaphezu kweyodwa nengxenye. Isimo sabo sangaphandle sincike esikhathini lapho isithwathwa sibabamba ngaso. Uma isimo sezulu singemanzi ngokuqala kwamazinga okushisa amabi, futhi amakhowe oyster afinyelele ekukhuleni kwawo okuphezulu, azohlala enjalo ubusika bonke. Ekuncibilikeni, angakwazi ukufiphala, imiphetho yawo ingaba yi-wavy nakakhulu, futhi amakhowe ngamanye aphenduka asuka ensundu ngokukhanyayo abe nsundu-mnyama futhi aphele ngokuphelele.
Lawa makhowe kufanele aqoqwe ekuqaleni kobusika noma ngaphambi kokuphela kobusika, kodwa angavunyelwe ukuncibilika, lapho ekwazi ukubola, awe njengamahlamvu amadala.
Lawa makhowe amakhulu kunawo wonke phakathi kwamakhowe asebusika adliwayo, anesilinganiso sobubanzi obuyi-10-20 cm.
Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza, amapaki, eziqwini naseziqwini ze-oki, i-elm, i-elm nezinye izihlahla eziphukayo, zizodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-5-15 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-20 cm, ekuqaleni i-convex, kamuva iguqe.
Njengoba ungabona esithombeni, isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lwe-oyster mushroom umbala omuhle ngokungavamile we-cap, njengalowo we-sunflower - libalele, eliphuzi-brown, ingaphezulu le-cap liyisikhumba, i-coaly rough ngamanzi. izindawo:
Ebusika, ingaphezulu lekepisi liba phuzi ngokuphuzi futhi amabala awasabonakali. Lapho amakhowe ekhula esihlahleni, kancane kancane esiphunzini, angase abe ne-asymmetric ilungiselelo lemilenze. Imiphetho yekepisi igobile, i-wavy. Umbala osemaphethelweni ulula kancane kunengxenye eyinhloko yekepisi. Ebusika, umbala uyashintsha ube ophuzi. Izibonelo ezindala ziba mnyama, zibe mnyama-nsundu noma zibe nsundu ngokunsundu.
Umlenze 4-10 cm ubude, 7-15 mm ubukhulu, mhlophe-ukhilimu ekuqaleni, kamuva ophuzi futhi onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Izisekelo zemilenze zivame ukuhlanganiswa.
I-pulp ithambile, impunga-nsomi, inokunambitheka okuncane, cishe ayinaphunga.
Amapuleti abanzi, anamathele, ekuqaleni amhlophe, kamuva ane-buffy futhi ansundu ngokukhanyayo.
Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahluka kusuka ophuzi-igolide kuya onsundu omnyama.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ekwindla, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu nombala libalele namabala anamanzi, i-elm lyophyllum inzima ukudidanisa nezinye izinhlobo. Ekwindla, leli khowa lingadideka ngokubukeka nomugqa ominyene, ohluke kakhulu endaweni yawo - emhlabathini, kodwa hhayi ezihlahleni. Ebusika, ayinazo izinhlobo ezifanayo.
Izindlela zokupheka: abilisiwe, othosiwe, usawoti emva kokubilisa kokuqala imizuzu engu-15-20.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Bona ukuthi i-oyster mushroom ibukeka kanjani kulezi zithombe:
I-autumn oyster mushroom: isithombe nencazelo
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-autumn oyster mushroom (Pleurotus salignus): ama-poplar, ama-lindens; khula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: amakhowe e-autumn oyster akhula ngoSepthemba - Novemba kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala, abese eqhwa kuze kufike entwasahlobo, ngokungabikho kwama-thaws ebusika, agcinwa kahle entwasahlobo.
Isigqoko salezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe we-oyster sinobubanzi obungu-4-8 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-12 cm. Yonke imizimba ethela izithelo ikhula esisekelweni esifanayo.
Isiqu sifushane, sitholakala ngokulinganayo, imvamisa ngasohlangothini lwekepisi, siphezulu ngo-2-5 cm no-10-40 mm ubukhulu, si-pubescent. Umbala wemilenze ukhilimu noma umhlophe-ophuzi.
I-Pulp: mncane, uminyene, umhlophe, ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, amapuleti alezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe oyster anamathele, ehla eduze kwesiqu, njalo, ukhilimu noma ophuzi okhanyayo ngombala:
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahluka ukusuka kompunga-nsundu ukuya kunsundu ngokumnyama.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ikhowe le-autumn oyster lifana nekhowe le-oyster oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus), kodwa linombala onsundu kakhulu ngokudla okunsundu okumnyama.
Izindlela zokupheka: amakhowe angabiliswa futhi athoswe, ekheniwe.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Okulandelayo, uzothola ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe oyster.
Libukeka kanjani i-oyster mushroom
Izindawo zokuhlala zamakhowe o-oyster (Pleurotus calyptratus): ukhuni oluqinile olubolayo - i-birch, i-aspen, i-oki, kancane kancane - eziphunzini nasezikhunini ze-coniferous ezifayo - i-spruce ne-fir, zikhula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: April - September.
Isigqoko salolu hlobo lwamakhowe oyster sinobubanzi obungu-4-10 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-12 cm. ngama-radial fibers.
Naka isithombe - umlenze walezi zinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe we-oyster mfushane kakhulu, u-asymmetrically, noma awukho nhlobo:
I-Pulp: mncane, uminyene, umhlophe, ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga.
Amapuleti avamile, ekuqaleni amhlophe, avamile, kamuva akhilimu noma aphuzi ngokukhanyayo.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka kukhilimu kuya kunsundu ngokukhanyayo kanye nokumpunga.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ikhowe elimboziwe le-oyster lifana nesimo sekhowe le-oyster (Pleurotus pulmonarius), elihlukaniswa yisigqoko salo esinsundu kanye nokuba khona kwesiqu.
Izindlela zokupheka: amakhowe angabiliswa, athoswe, ekheniwe.
Incazelo ye-oyster mushroom
Indawo okuhlala kuyo i-oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius): ukhuni oluqinile olubolayo - i-birch, i-aspen, i-oki, kancane kancane - eziqwini nasezikhunini ze-coniferous ezifayo - i-spruce ne-fir, zikhula ngamaqembu.
Isizini: April - September
Isigqoko sinobubanzi obungu-4-10 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-16 cm. Amaphethelo ekepisi mancane, avame ukuqhekeka. Umbala wengxenye emaphakathi yesigqoko uvame ukuba ne-brown tint, kuyilapho imiphetho, ngokuphambene nalokho, ilula, iphuzi.
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, imiphetho yesigqoko se-oyster mushroom yalolu hlobo ine-fibrous futhi inohlaka lwe-radial:
Isiqu sifushane, sitholakala ngokulinganayo, imvamisa sisohlangothini lwekepisi, siphezulu ngo-1-3 cm nogqinsi luka-6-15 mm. Umlenze unomumo oyi-cylindrical, omhlophe, oqinile, o-pubescent.
I-Pulp: mncane, uminyene, umhlophe, ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga.
Amapuleti anamathele, ehla eduze kwesiqu, ekuqaleni amhlophe, avamile, kamuva ukhilimu noma ophuzi okhanyayo.
Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahluka kusukela komhlophe nokuphuzi kuya kukhilimu kanye nombala ophuzi.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ikhowe le-oyster yamaphaphu lifana nekhowe le-oyster elivamile (Pleurotus ostreatus), elihlukaniswa ngekepisi elimpunga eliluhlaza kumasampula amancane kanye nekepisi elimpunga-luhlaza kumakhowe asekhulile.
Impahla enqwabelene yezinto eziyingozi: lolu hlobo lunempahla enhle yokuqoqwa okuphansi kwezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Izindlela zokupheka: ethinini.
Izindlela zokupheka: ubilise futhi gazinga, ulondoloze.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3
Lezi zithombe zibonisa amakhowe e-oyster ezinhlobo ezahlukene, incazelo yawo ethulwe kuleli khasi:
Yiziphi izinzuzo zamakhowe oyster
Amakhowe e-oyster anezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele - i-pantry eyingqayizivele enesethi yamaminerali amaminerali nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezidingekayo kumuntu.
Ziqukethe i-complex yamavithamini: A, C, D, E, B1, B2, B6, B12, kanye nama-amino acid angu-18 adingekayo kubantu.
Futhi, izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zamakhowe e-oyster zibangelwa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-amylase kanye ne-lipase enzymes, okufaka isandla ekuqhekekeni kwamafutha, i-fiber kanye ne-glycogen.
Futhi aqukethe ama-asidi abalulekile angagcwele unsaturated, kanye nenani lezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ezisiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol futhi zibe nemiphumela elwa ne-sclerotic.
Amakhowe e-oyster awusizo kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, njengoba eyikhambi elihle kakhulu lokwelapha izifo zesisu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ijusi yamakhowe esanda kukhanywa esiswini esingenalutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-gastritis nezilonda zingelashwa. Ezinye izinto eziwusizo zamakhowe we-oyster zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- bathuthukisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu;
- esetshenziselwa ukuphulukisa izilonda nokwelapha izilonda;
- babe ne-hemostatic, emollient kanye ne-enveloping properties;
- khuthaza ukususwa kobuthi, ubuthi, ubuthi;
- bayi-sorbent;
- ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla okulwa ne-cholesterol, ukusiza ukunciphisa amafutha egazi, okubaluleke kakhulu emithanjeni yenhliziyo nokujikeleza kwegazi;
- I-oyster mushroom infusion isetshenziselwa i-neurosis, ngenxa yalokhu, amakhowe amasha aqoshiwe aqoshiwe ngenani lezipuni ezi-3 athululelwa nengxenye yelitha yewayini elibomvu, isibonelo, i-Cahors, futhi ifakwe isonto lonke, ukumnika okubangelwa kuphuza 2 wezipuni ngaphambili. isikhathi sokulala;
- aqukethe ama-compounds anomsebenzi we-antioxidant, ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yokuguga yomzimba iyancipha; aqukethe izinto ezikhuthaza ukuphuma kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni, futhi zinciphise ingozi ye-atherosclerosis;
- ukufakwa kwe-oyster amakhowe ekudleni kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nomdlavuza;
- bonisa isithembiso ekwelapheni umalaleveva wasezindaweni ezishisayo.
- Izinzuzo zamakhowe e-oyster kubantu futhi ukuthi anomsebenzi ophezulu we-antibacterial.
