Ama-ovari (kusuka ku-ovum yesiLatin yakudala, iqanda) yizitho zohlelo lokuzala lwabesifazane. Umsebenzi wabo omkhulu ukukhiqizwa kwama-oocyte namahomoni ezocansi.

Indawo. Okubili ngenani, ama-ovari noma ama-gonads abesifazane yizindlala ezitholakala okhalweni oluncane, ngemuva kwesibeletho (1). Zibuye zihlangane namashubhu, lapho imiphetho yawo ibheke khona ukwakha inkundla. Ama-ovari alungiswa ngenxa yemigqa ehlukene ewaxhuma odongeni lwe-lumbar, kushubhu, nasengxenyeni engemuva yesibeletho, futhi futhi ngenxa ye-mesovarium.

Ukwakheka. I-Ovoid in shape futhi i-3 kuye ku-4 cm ubude, ama-ovari akhiwa izingxenye ezimbili:

• On the periphery: the zone cortical, lapho kutholakala khona ama-ovarian follicles, ngalinye liqukethe i-oocyte (eyokugcina iyoba yi-ovum)
• Maphakathi nendawo: indawo yezindondo, enezicubu ezixhuma nemithambo yegazi

I-Vascularization ne-innervation. Ama-ovari ahlinzekwa yimithambo ye-ovarian. I-venous drainage yenziwa ngakwesokudla yi-vena cava nakwesobunxele ngumthambo we-renal (2).

Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Ama-follicles amaningi we-ovari azokhula phakathi nomjikelezo ngamunye wokuya esikhathini (1). Kuzokhethwa eyodwa kuphela futhi, lapho sekuvuthiwe, i-oocyte izokhishwa ngokuqhekeka kwe-follicle, ebizwa nge-ovulation.

Ukukhiqizwa nokufihlwa kwamahomoni. I-ovary iyindawo yokukhiqiza ama-hormone amabili:

• I-Estrogen, ebandakanyeka ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwezici zesibili zocansi
• IProgesterone, ebandakanyeka ikakhulukazi ekuqineni kwe-endometrium, ulwelwesi lwesibeletho olusetshenziswa njengendawo yokutshala iqanda (iqanda elikhulelwe) (3)

Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Kwakha isethi yokuguqulwa kwezinto zokusebenza zesifazane ukuze zithole iqanda elikhulelwe. Uma engekho umanyolo, i-endometrium iyabhujiswa, ehambelana nezikhathi zokuya esikhathini.

Umdlavuza we-Ovarian. Izimila ezimbi (ezinomdlavuza) noma ezinobungozi (ezingelona umdlavuza) zingavela esibelethweni (4). Izimpawu zingaba ukungakhululeki okhalweni, izinkinga zomjikelezo, noma ubuhlungu.

I-Ovarian cyst. Ihambisana nephakethe elithuthuka ngaphandle kwe-ovary futhi isakhiwo salo singahluka. Kunezigaba ezimbili zama-cysts:

• Ama-cysts asebenza njalo anyamalala ngokuzenzekelayo (1).
• Ama-cysts e-organic, okumele anakekelwe ngoba angadala ukungaphatheki kahle nobuhlungu, futhi abe yindawo yokwakhiwa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology kanye nenqubekela phambili yayo, ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic ezimweni ezithile zama-cysts.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungahle kuhambisane nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuqala kobuhlungu kuqala ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuhlola izici zobuhlungu kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa njenge-ultrasound noma i-x-ray.

I-Laparoscopy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyindlela ye-endoscopic evumela ukufinyelela kwesisu esiswini, ngaphandle kokuvula udonga lwesisu.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo ukuthola izimpawu zesimila.

Ekuqaleni, amaqanda aqoka kuphela izitho lapho kwakhiwa khona amaqanda ezilwaneni ezi-oviparous, yingakho imvelaphi ye-Latin etymological: iqanda, iqanda. Igama elithi ovary labe selinikezwa ngokufaniswa kwama-gonads abesifazane ezilwaneni ezi-viviparous, ezazibizwa ngokuthi ama-testes abesifazane (5).