Ingabe bonke abantu bangaba nemizwa efanayo? Yebo futhi cha. Ukutadisha izilimi zabantu bomhlaba, ososayensi bathole umehluko emagameni emizwelo nakulokho esikuqondayo ngalawa magama. Kuvela ukuthi ngisho nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu kwendawo yonke emasikweni ahlukene kungaba nezithunzi zabo.
Inkulumo yethu ihlobene ngokuqondile nokucabanga. Ngisho nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSoviet uLev Vygotsky sagomela ngokuthi izindlela eziphakeme kakhulu zokuxhumana ezingokwengqondo ezitholakala kumuntu zingenzeka kuphela ngoba thina, abantu, ngosizo lokucabanga ngokuvamile sibonisa iqiniso.
Ukukhulela endaweni ethile yolimi, sicabanga ngolimi lwethu lwendabuko, sikhetha amagama ezinto, izenzakalo nemizwa kusichazamazwi salo, sifunde incazelo yamagama kubazali kanye “nabakwethu” ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesiko lethu. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba sonke singabantu, singase sibe nemibono ehlukene, isibonelo, mayelana nemizwa.
“Yize umbiza ngerose, okungenani hhayi…”
Thina, njengabantu bamasiko ahlukahlukene, siyicabanga kanjani imizwelo eyisisekelo: ukwesaba, intukuthelo, noma, sithi, ukudabuka? Okuhluke kakhulu, kusho uDkt. Joseph Watts, umcwaningi waseNyuvesi yase-Otago futhi obambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi yamazwe ngamazwe yokutadisha ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko okuhlukahluka kwemiqondo yemizwa. Ithimba labacwaningi balo msebenzi lihlanganisa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zaseNyuvesi yaseNyakatho Carolina (e-USA) kanye nezazi zolimi ezivela kwaMax Planck Institute for Natural Science (Germany).
Ososayensi bahlole amagama avela ezilimini ezingama-2474 zemindeni yezilimi ezinkulu ezingama-20. Besebenzisa indlela yokubala, bahlonze amaphethini “e-colexification,” into lapho izilimi zisebenzisa igama elifanayo ukuveza imiqondo ehlobene nesemantically. Ngamanye amazwi, ososayensi babethanda amagama ayesho umqondo ongaphezu kowodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesiPheresiya, igama elifanayo elithi “ænduh” lisetshenziselwa ukuveza usizi nokuzisola.
Yini ehamba nosizi?
Ngokwenza amanethiwekhi amakhulu e-colexifications, ososayensi bakwazile ukuhlobanisa imiqondo namagama abo okuqamba ngezilimi eziningi zomhlaba futhi bathole umehluko omkhulu endleleni imizwa ebonakala ngayo ezilimini ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ezilimini zaseNakh-Dagestan, “usizi” luhambisana “nokwesaba” kanye “nokukhathazeka”. Futhi ezilimini ze-Tai-Kadai ezikhulunywa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, umqondo "wosizi" useduze "nokuzisola." Lokhu kwenza kube nokungabaza ukucatshangelwa okuvamile mayelana nemvelo yendawo yonke ye-semantics yemizwa.
Noma kunjalo, uguquko ku-semantics yemizwa lunesakhiwo salo. Kuvele ukuthi imindeni yezilimi esondelene ngokwendawo “inombono” ofanayo ngemizwa kunaleyo eqhelelene kakhulu. Isizathu okungenzeka ukuthi siwukuthi umsuka ofanayo nokuxhumana okungokomlando phakathi kwala maqembu kwaholela ekuqondeni okufanayo kwemizwa.
Abacwaningi baphinde bathola ukuthi kuso sonke isintu kunezici zomhlaba wonke zokuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo okungase kuvele ezinkambisweni ezivamile zezinto eziphilayo, okusho ukuthi indlela abantu abacabanga ngayo ngemizwa abunjwanga kuphela isiko nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa futhi yi-biology.
Izinga lephrojekthi, izixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nezindlela kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubheka kabanzi amathuba avulekayo kule ndlela yesayensi. U-Watts nethimba lakhe bahlela ukuqhubeka nokuhlola umehluko wamasiko ahlukene encazelweni nasekuqanjweni kwezimo zengqondo.
imizwa engashiwongo
Ukwehluka kolimi namasiko kwesinye isikhathi kuya kude kangangokuthi kusichazamazwi somkhulumeli wethu kungase kube negama elisho umuzwa esingajwayele ngisho ukuwuhlukanisa njengento ehlukene.
Isibonelo, ngesi-Swedish, elithi “resfeber” lisho kokubili ukukhathazeka nokulangazelela okujabulisayo esiba nakho ngaphambi kohambo. Futhi amaScots anikeze igama elikhethekile elithi “tartle” lokwethuka esiba nakho lapho, ngokwethula umuntu kwabanye, singakwazi ukukhumbula igama lakhe. Umuzwa ojwayelekile, akunjalo?
Ukuze sithole amahloni esizizwa ngomunye, abaseBrithani, futhi ngemva kwabo, saqala ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "ihlazo laseSpain" (ulimi lwesiSpanishi lunomusho walo wokuhlazeka okungaqondile - "vergüenza ajena"). Ngendlela, ngesiFinnish kukhona negama lesipiliyoni esinjalo - "myötähäpeä".
Ukuqonda umehluko onjalo kubalulekile hhayi kososayensi kuphela. Emsebenzini noma lapho sisohambweni, abaningi bethu kudingeka bakhulume nabameleli bamanye amasiko abakhuluma izilimi ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqonda umehluko emcabangweni, emasikweni, emithethweni yokuziphatha, ngisho nombono womqondo wemizwa kungaba wusizo futhi, kwezinye izimo, kube nesinqumo.