I-acute otitis media: incazelo

I-acute otitis media (AOM) ukutheleleka kwendlebe emaphakathi okuhlanganisa i-eardrum noma i-eardrum, imbobo encane yamathambo ephakathi kwegubu lendlebe nengaphakathi lendlebe futhi iqukethe ama-ossicles.

Lesi sikhala sixhunywe ngomsele (ishubhu le-Eustachian) ku-nasopharynx etholakala ngemuva kwemigodi yamakhala (bona umdwebo ngezansi). Ishubhu le-Eustachian lisiza ukulinganisa ukucindezela komoya phakathi kwemigudu yamakhala, indlebe ephakathi nendawo nomoya wangaphandle.

I-acute otitis media (AOM) ibonakala ngokuphuma okubhobozayo okutholakala esigungwini sendlebe.

I-AOM ixhunyaniswe nokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya noma igciwane, igciwane noma amagciwane avame ukungcolisa indlebe ephakathi ngenxa i-rhino-sinusitis noma ubhejane-pharyngite ngokuboleka ithubhu le-eustachian.

Ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kwekhala kanye nezono (i-nasosinus), i-adenoids ekhulisiwe ingabangela ukuvinjelwa kwe-eustachian tube, okubangela ukuthi uketshezi luphume ku-eardrum (i-otitis media). 'ekuqaleni yayivuvukala kodwa isengozini, ngokungenwa yigciwane, iguquke ibe i-acute otitis media. 

Ngokwejwayelekile, i-AOM ibonakala ngomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili (imvamisa eyodwa nje) evame ukuba nzima kakhulu, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izimpawu ze-otitis ezinganeni

Izimpawu zingadukisa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasezinsaneni. Cabanga nge-acute otitis media lapho: 

• ingane ivame ukuthinta indlebe yakhe
• ingane iyakhala, iyacasuka, inenkinga yokulala
• untula ukudla.
• inokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, okudukisa kakhulu ngokuhuda nokuhlanza
• unenkinga yokuzwa (ingane ayiphenduli emisindweni ephansi).

Izimpawu ze-acute otitis media kubantu abadala

• ubuhlungu obuhlabayo (obufakwe ngokushaya kwenhliziyo) endlebeni, obungase buphume ekhanda.
• umuzwa wezindlebe ezivimbekile, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• ngezinye izikhathi ukunkeneneza ezindlebeni noma isiyezi

Lapho i-eardrum ine-perforated, i-otitis ingabangela ukukhishwa nge-canal yendlebe yokukhishwa okungaphezulu noma okuncane.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-acute otitis media

Kufanele kukhulunywe nodokotela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwe-AOM futhi anqume ngokufaneleka kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokubheka i-eardrum, ngokufanelekile ngesibonakhulu. Kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa i-AOM nge-purulent effusion kusuka ku-otitis congestive, okulinganiselwe ukuvuvukala kwe-eardrum.

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kungabonisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-acute otitis media, i-myringitis (okungukuthi ukuvuvukala kwe-eardrum), imvelaphi yegciwane, ebuhlungu kakhulu okuholela ebukhoneni bebhamuza ngokuvamile elimboza cishe -inani eliphelele le-eardrum., kodwa okuthinta isigubhu sendlebe kuphela, okusho ukuthi ngemva kokubhoboza leli gwebu, ngokuvamile elenza ubuhlungu buphele, isigubhu sendlebe sihlala sinjalo, ngaphandle kokubhobozwa kwe-eardrum.

Ukuvela kwe-acute otitis media

Uma iphathwa kahle, i-AOM iphulukisa ezinsukwini ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-10, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo se-eardrum ngemva kokwelashwa nokuqinisekisa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ukuthi ukuzwa kubuyele ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvela kwe-AOM ngokuvamile akunangqondo kodwa izinkinga eziningi zingenzeka:

I-serous noma i-serum-mucous otitis

Ngemuva kokuphulukiswa kokutheleleka, ngemuva kwe-eardrum, ukuqhuma okungenayo i-purulent kodwa ukuvuvukala, okungenayo ubuhlungu kuqhubeka, okuyinto ngakolunye uhlangothi ikhuthaza ukuphindaphinda kwe-AOM.

Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabangela ukungezwa okuphikelelayo nokubi ezinganeni ngenxa yokuthi kungase kube nembangela yokubambezeleka kolimi; yingakho isidingo sokuqapha ekupheleni kokwelashwa. I-audiogram (ukuhlolwa kokuzwa) kungase kudingeke uma ungabaza. Uma kungekho ukuphulukiswa, umuntu angase aholelwe ekuphakamiseni ukufakwa kwe-aerator transtympanic.

I-tympanic perforation

I-purulent effusion ingaba nengcindezi eqinile esigungwini sendlebe esibuthakathaka (kulokhu ubuhlungu bukhulu kakhulu) futhi kubangele ukubhobozwa kwe-eardrum., ngezinye izikhathi ngokuphuma kobomvu okunegazi okuvame ukucindezela izinhlungu.

Ngemva kokuphulukiswa, i-eardrum ivamise ukuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ngezikhathi eziguquguqukayo kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ezingahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Intuthuko emangalisayo

• la i-meningitis
• i-labyrinthite
• i-mastoiditis, engavamile namuhla
• I-otitis engapheli - kuhlanganise ne-cholesteatoma, uhlobo lwe-otitis engapheli - ibuye ibe yivelakancane. 

Izingane, ezithinteka kakhulu kunabantu abadala

Lapho beneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-85 ezingane azobe esenayo okungenani i-AOM eyodwa, kanti ingxenye iyobe inezimbili okungenani. I-AOM ithinta kakhulu izingane, ngenxa yokuma nendawo yeshubhu lazo le-eustachian (elincane futhi libekwe livundlile) kanye nokungavuthwa kwamasosha omzimba azo. Abafana basengozini kakhulu kunamantombazane, ngezizathu esingazazi.

Ukulawulwa kwemithi ethile yokugoma ngezinga elikhulu, ikakhulukazi imithi yokugomela ipneumococcus kanye ne-Haemophilus influenza, kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa imvamisa ye-acute otitis media futhi ikakhulukazi imvamisa yama-AOM ebangelwa amagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic. 

I-AOM yenzeka ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokungasebenzi kahle kweshubhu le-eustachian, i-serum-mucous otitis (uketshezi oluqhubekayo ngemuva kwe-eardrum lungena kalula kakhulu), izifo eziphindaphindiwe zekhala noma izono zomsuka wokungezwani komzimba noma ongaguquki. .

Kuvame kakhulu phakathi nokuphazamiseka kokuvikeleka komzimba (izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukungondleki, njll.) noma ukungahambi kahle kwe-anatomical ebusweni, i-trisomy 21, i-cleft palate (noma i-harelip) isibonelo.

Usithola kanjani isifo sezindlebe?

•     Ukuya enkulisa noma enkulisa.
•     Ukuchayeka entuthwini kagwayi noma amazinga aphezulu okungcola.
•     Ukuncelisa ibhodlela kunokuncelisa ibele (bheka isigaba Sokuvimbela).
•     Ukuphakela ibhodlela ngenkathi ulele.
•     Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-pacifier
•     Ukungabi bikho kokuphefumula okulungile