KuloMbasa, umhambi webhizinisi u-Tom Stucker usendize amamayela ayizigidi eziyi-18 (cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-29) kule minyaka eyi-14 edlule. Leso isikhathi esikhulu emoyeni.
Kungenzeka ukuthi udle ukudla okungaba ngu-6500 ebhodini, wabukela izinkulungwane zamamuvi, futhi wavakashela indlu yangasese endizeni izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10. Uphinde waqongelela umthamo wemisebe olingana nama-x-ray esifuba angaba ngu-000. Kodwa iyini ingozi yezempilo yomthamo onjalo wemisebe?
Ungase ucabange ukuthi umthamo wemisebe ovamile wokundiza uvela ezindaweni zokuhlola zokuphepha zesikhumulo sezindiza, izikena ezigcwele umzimba wonke, kanye nemishini ye-x-ray ebanjwa ngesandla. Kodwa unephutha. Umthombo oyinhloko wokuchayeka emisebeni ohambweni lwendiza indiza ngokwayo. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, umoya uba mncane. Lapho undiza phezulu usuka ebusweni boMhlaba, ama-molecule egesi ambalwa aqukethwe emkhathini. Ngakho, ama-molecule ambalwa asho ukuvikela okuncane komkhathi, ngakho-ke ukuchayeka okwengeziwe emisebeni evela emkhathini.
Osomkhathi abahamba ngaphandle komkhathi woMhlaba bathola imithamo ephezulu kakhulu yemisebe. Eqinisweni, ukunqwabelana komthamo wemisebe kuyisici esikhawulela ubude bezindiza ezihlala abantu. Ngenxa yokuhlala isikhathi eside emkhathini, osomkhathi basengozini yokuthola amakhathakhatha, umdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo lapho bebuyela ekhaya. Ukukhanyisa kuyimbangela enkulu yomgomo ka-Elon Musk wokuhlanganisa iMars. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside ku-Mars nomoya wayo othani ngokwedlulele kungaba yingozi ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wemisebe, naphezu kokuqoqwa ngempumelelo kweplanethi nguMat Damon efilimini ethi The Martian.
Asibuyele kumhambi. Uzoba yini umthamo ophelele wemisebe ye-Stucker futhi impilo yakhe izohlupheka kangakanani?
Konke kuncike ekutheni singakanani isikhathi asichithe esemoyeni. Uma sithatha isilinganiso sejubane lendiza (amakhilomitha angu-550 ngehora), khona-ke amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-18 andiza ngamahora angu-32, okuyiminyaka engu-727. Izinga lethamo lemisebe ekuphakameni okujwayelekile (3,7 amafidi) licishe libe ngu-35 millisievert ngehora (i-sievert iyunithi yomthamo osebenzayo nolinganayo wemisebe ye-ionizing engasetshenziswa ukuhlola ingozi yomdlavuza).
Ngokuphindaphinda isilinganiso somthamo ngamahora ohambo lwendiza, siyabona ukuthi u-Stucker akazitholelanga nje kuphela amathikithi endiza amaningi amahhala, kodwa futhi cishe nama-millisieverts ayi-100 okuchayeka.
Ingozi yezempilo eyinhloko kuleli zinga lethamo ukwanda kwengozi yeminye imidlavuza esikhathini esizayo. Ukuhlola kwezisulu zebhomu le-athomu neziguli ngemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe kuye kwavumela ososayensi ukuba balinganisele ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso esithile semisebe. Zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana, uma imithamo ephansi inamazinga engcuphe ngokulingana nemithamo ephezulu, khona-ke izinga lomdlavuza lilonke elingu-0,005% nge-millisievert ngayinye liwukulinganisela okunengqondo futhi okuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, umthamo we-100 millisievert we-Stucker unyuse ingozi yomdlavuza obulalayo cishe ngo-0,5%.
Bese kuphakama umbuzo: ingabe leli izinga eliphezulu lengozi?
Iningi labantu aliyithathi ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza. Nakuba inani eliqondile kungaxoxwa ngalo, kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi cishe u-25% wawo wonke amadoda abulala izimpilo zawo ngenxa yomdlavuza. Ingozi yomdlavuza ka-Stucker evela emisebeni kuzodingeka yengezwe engozini yakhe yokuqala, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingaba ngu-25,5%. Ukwanda kwengozi yomdlavuza yalo sayizi kuncane kakhulu ukuthi kungalinganiswa nganoma iyiphi indlela yesayensi, ngakho-ke kufanele kuhlale kunokwenyuka kwengozi okucatshangelwayo.
Uma abahambi besilisa abangu-200 bebengandiza amakhilomitha angu-18 njengo-Stucker, singalindela oyedwa kuphela wabo ukuba afinyeze izimpilo zabo ngenxa yesikhathi sokundiza. Amanye amadoda angu-000 kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi alimale.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngabantu abavamile abandiza izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka?
Uma ufuna ukwazi ubungozi bakho bokufa emisebeni, udinga ukulinganisa wonke amamayela owahanjwe eminyakeni edlule. Ngokucabanga ukuthi isivinini, umthamo kanye namanani engcuphe namapharamitha anikezwe ngenhla ku-Stucker nakho kukulungele. Ukwehlukanisa isamba samamayela akho ngo-3 kuzokunikeza cishe ithuba lokuthola umdlavuza ezindizeni zakho.
Isibonelo, uhambe amamayela angu-370. Uma kuhlukaniswa, lokhu kulingana namathuba angu-000/1 okuba nomdlavuza (noma ukwanda ngo-10% engozini). Iningi labantu alindizi amamayela angu-000 ekuphileni kwabo, okucishe kufane nezindiza ezingu-0,01 ezisuka e-Los Angeles ziya eNew York.
Ngakho-ke kumhambi ojwayelekile, ubungozi bungaphansi kakhulu kuka-0,01%. Ukuze wenze ukuqonda kwakho "inkinga" kuphelele, yenza uhlu lwazo zonke izinzuzo ozitholile ezindizeni zakho (amathuba ohambo lwebhizinisi, uhambo lweholide, ukuvakasha komndeni, njll.), bese ubheka futhi lokhu 0,01, XNUMX%. Uma ucabanga ukuthi izinzuzo zakho bezizincane uma ziqhathaniswa nengozi yakho yomdlavuza eyandayo, ungafuna ukuyeka ukundiza. Kodwa kubantu abaningi namuhla, ukuhamba ngendiza kuyisidingo sokuphila, futhi ukwanda okuncane kwezingozi kuwufanele.