I-Oligophrenia

Incazelo jikelele yalesi sifo

I-Oligophrenia ukulibaziseka ekuthuthukiseni i-psyche noma ukukhula kwayo okungaphelele kwemvelo yokuzalwa noma etholakele. Kubonakala ngesimo sokwephulwa kwamakhono obuhlakani, abangelwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho. Lokhu kuholela isiguli ekungakwazini ukuzivumelanisa nomphakathi.

I-Oligophrenia, njengomqondo, yethulwa okokuqala ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo waseJalimane u-Emil Kraepelin. Umqondo "wokukhubazeka kwengqondo" uthathwa njengokufana negama lesimanje "ukubambezeleka kwengqondo". Kepha, kufanelekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwale mibono. Ukubambezeleka kwengqondo kungumqondo obanzi futhi akubandakanyi kuphela izici zengqondo, kodwa futhi nokunganakwa kwemfundo yokufundisa kwengane.

I-Oligophrenia ihlukaniswa ngokwezici eziningana.

Kuya ngokuthi ngabe wena ukuthi inzima kanjani ifomu nezinga lesi sifo, i-oligophrenia ihlukaniswe yaba:

  • ukungabi namandla kungubuhlanya obuphinyiselwa kancane;
  • ukungabi namandla - i-oligophrenia yobukhulu obulinganiselayo;
  • idiocy - lesi sifo sivezwa kakhulu.

Lesi sigaba singesendlela yendabuko.

Kuya ngamaphutha nokungahambi kahle kukaMaria Pevzner (usosayensi wase-USSR, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, isazi sezifo zengqondo, isazi seziphutha esaziwayo) sathola izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo:

  1. 1 i-oligophrenia yohlobo olulula;
  2. 2 i-oligophrenia, eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa ye-neurodynamics yesiguli (kulokhu, ukushiyeka kuzibonakalise ngezindlela ezi-3: okokuqala, injabulo yahlula ukunqandeka, kwesibili, konke kwakuphikisana nokwokuqala, kanti okwesithathu, ubuthakathaka obubonakalayo bemisebenzi nezinqubo eziyinhloko zezinzwa zagqama);
  3. I-oligophrenia engu-3 enama-lobes angaphambili angakhonjisiwe (ngokungasebenzi kahle kwangaphambili).

Ukwahlukaniswa kwesimanje kobukhulu be-oligophrenia kuncike ezingeni lobunhloli lesiguli kanye ne-ICD-10 (Ukwahlukaniswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Kwezifo zesibuyekezo se-10), amazinga e-4 obukhali ahlinzekwa:

  • kulula: IQ ifinyelele inani eliphakathi kuka-50 no-70;
  • ngokulinganisela ukubambezeleka kwengqondo: izinga lengqondo yengane lisukela ku-35 liye ku-50;
  • Heavy: IQ ibanga elingu-20-35;
  • deep: I-IQ yengane yakho ingaphansi kuka-20.

Izimbangela ze-Oligophrenia

Zingaba zofuzo noma zitholakale.

Kofuzo izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kokuwohloka komqondo zifaka phakathi: ukuthuthukiswa okungajwayelekile kwama-chromosomes, ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwezigaba ezithile zama-chromosomes noma izakhi zofuzo, ukuguqulwa kwe-x chromosome.

Ukutholwa izizathu zifaka phakathi: ukulimala kombungu esibelethweni ngemisebe ye-ionizing, amakhemikhali noma ukutheleleka, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ingane ezalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi), ukuhlukumezeka kokubeletha, i-hypoxia yobuchopho, ukulimala kanzima ekhanda, izifo ezithathelwanayo zangaphambilini ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, ukukhuliswa okunganakiwe okokuqala iminyaka yempilo yengane (amacala ajwayelekile ezinganeni ezikhula emindenini enezimo ezazincishwe amathuba).

Ukuwohloka komqondo enganeni nakho kungaba ne-etiology engacacile.

Izimpawu ze-oligophrenia

Zihlukahlukene ngokweqile futhi zinemikhakha eminingi. Konke kuncike ebukhulwini nasenkingeni yesifo. Ifingqa zonke izimpawu, zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-2.

  1. I-1 insanity ayithinti kuphela inqubo yokuqonda, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukiswa kwengane njengomuntu wonkana. Lokho wukuthi, ingane enjalo inemizwa engakhubazekile, ukuqonda, amakhono emoto, ukuqonda, ikhono lokucabanga, ukukhuluma nentando, inkumbulo engeyinhle (kungahle kube nokuhlukile, ngokwesibonelo: amanye ama-oligophrenics azikhumbula kahle izinombolo - izinombolo zocingo, izinsuku noma isibongo nesibongo );
  2. 2 umuntu we-oligophrenic entula ikhono lokuqoqa nokwenza izinto eziningi, akukho ukucabanga okungabonakali, kuyindida, kukhonkolo.

Inkulumo yesiguli ayifundile, ayinawo amazwi nezwi, akukho okuyisinyathelo, akukho ukubuka kwangempela kwezinto, zihlala zinolaka, azikwazi ukuxazulula izingqinamba ezijwayelekile zansuku zonke. Ebuntwaneni, cishe zonke izingane zihlushwa ukukhanywa embhedeni. Ukungajwayelekile ekukhuleni komzimba kuphawuliwe.

Konke ukubonakaliswa kuncike ebukhulwini besifo.

Imikhiqizo ewusizo ye-oligophrenia

Ukukhuthaza imetabolism ye-cerebral, iziguli ezine-oligophrenia zidinga ukudla okuningi okuqukethe u-vitamin B. Gxila kwimifino nezithelo, izitsha ezahlukahlukene ezivela kubo (amajusi, amazambane acubuziwe, i-jelly).

Abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga umsoco owanele ngokudla konke okudingekayo kwama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, usawoti wamaminerali, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namavithamini. Ukondleka okufanele kuzosiza ekuqedeni amathuba okubeletha ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi, ngenxa yokuvikeleka okuhle, kunciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka okungena emzimbeni.

Imithi yendabuko ye-oligophrenia

Nge-oligophrenia, ukwelashwa okudingekile kunqunywe ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuxilongwa, izimbangela zesifo. Ama-Nootropics, ama-tranquilizers, ama-antipsychotics, izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-iodine noma ama-hormone (uma i-oligophrenia ihlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle kwendlala yegilo) noma ukwelashwa kokudla kuphela kwe-phenylpyruvic oligophrenia kungase kubekwe.

Esikhundleni sezidakamizwa ze-nootropic, imithi yendabuko inikeza ukusetshenziswa kwe-lemongrass broths, i-ginseng nejusi le-aloe. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuwaphuza, kubalulekile ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wakho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngomthamo ongafanele nokusetshenziswa, isiguli singahlangabezana nokugula kwengqondo noma ulaka nentukuthelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zitshalo zisebenzisa ukusebenza kobuchopho.

Imikhiqizo eyingozi neyingozi ene-oligophrenia

Nge-phenylpyruvic oligophrenia (i-phenylalanine metabolism ikhubazekile), iziguli azifakwa ekudleni kwamaprotheni emvelo (lokhu kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yezilwane: inhlanzi, ukudla kwasolwandle, inyama, kuhlanganise nobisi). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokhu kudla kuqukethe i-phenylalanine. Lokhu kudla kufanele kulandelwe okungenani kuze kube sekukhuleni.

Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-oligophrenia, kuyadingeka ukuthi ungafaki ukusetshenziswa kwakho konke ukudla okungaphili. Ithinta kabi yonke imisebenzi yomzimba, eyenza ukuba ngumzali kube nzima kakhulu futhi kubangele izinkinga zempilo ezingadingekile. Izithasiselo ekudleni okungenampilo zinciphisa zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, ziqinisa igazi, elibangela amahlule egazi futhi liphazamise ukujikeleza kwegazi (lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ekugelezeni kwegazi kuye noma kubuya ebuchosheni).

Qaphela!

Abaphathi abanacala nganoma yimuphi umzamo wokusebenzisa imininingwane oyinikiwe, futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi ngeke ikulimaze wena uqobo. Izinto zokwakha azinakusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa nokwenza ukuxilongwa. Njalo thintana nodokotela wakho onguchwepheshe!

Ukudla okunomsoco kwezinye izifo:

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