Umthetho wesimanje ubungeke ube yilokho esikwaziyo namuhla ngaphandle kwabameleli balo msebenzi. Ummeli olungisa izivumelwano ummeli oqinisekisa ukuthengiselana, oqinisekisa ukwethembeka nobuqiniso bamadokhumenti namasiginesha. Ake sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngomlando namasiko eholide lochwepheshe.
Lapho kugujwa
I-Notaries Day igujwa minyaka yonke Ezweni Lethu 26 April. Ngo-2023, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu bakithi azowugubha.
umlando weholide
Ukuvela komsebenzi we-notary kubangelwa inkathi yeRoma Yasendulo. Ngaleso sikhathi, izivumelwano zomlomo zadluliselwa ephepheni ngomabhalane, yibo ababhekwa njengesibonelo sababhalisi besimanje.
Nokho, ababhali abazange bagxile emaphepheni omthetho kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kwavela umsebenzi we-tabellions - abantu imisebenzi yabo ehlotshaniswa nemibhalo yomthetho kuphela, okuyizenzo zomthetho namaphepha okwahlulela. Imisebenzi yabo yayingaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kombuso - isibonelo, inani lenkokhelo yezinsizakalo ezenziwayo laliqokwa umbusi, i-tabellion ayikwazanga ukubeka inani layo.
Lona kanye igama elithi - "notariat", kanye nokusungulwa kwegama elifanayo, kwavela eRoma, ngokusikisela kweSonto LamaRoma. Lesi sigameko senziwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ama-Notaries (kusuka egameni elithi “notta” – “sign”) asebenza kuma-diocese futhi afinyeza izingxoxo zababhishobhi namakholwa, aphinde abhekane nokuphathwa kwemibhalo yesonto. Ochwepheshe ababili noma abathathu abanjalo babekhonza ethempelini ngalinye. Kamuva, imisebenzi yabameli yanda endaweni yezwe yokuphila, futhi abameleli balo msebenzi baqala ukuhlangana hhayi eRoma kuphela, kodwa nase-Italy nakulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ezweni Lethu, okokuqala ngqa, kukhulunywa nge-analogue ye-notary emibhalweni yekhulu lesi-XNUMX etholwe ngesikhathi kumbiwa esifundeni saseNovgorod. Abavubukuli bathole incwadi ye-birch-bark, okuyinto ngokwemibandela yanamuhla ingabizwa ngokuthi i-notarization. Ngokwalo mbhalo, lona wesifazane uqinisekisa ukuthi imali ethathwe komunye umuntu, kanti umbhali (esingambiza ngokuphepha isazi sokuqala emlandweni weZwe Lethu) uqinisekisa leli phepha ngesiginesha yakhe.
Umsebenzi we-analogue ye-notary Ezweni Lethu uhleleke kakhulu futhi waba maphakathi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. I-charter yasenkantolo etholwe ngesikhathi kumbiwa e-Pskov ikhuluma ngesidingo sokwethula ubufakazi obubhaliwe phakathi nezingxabano ezihlobene nempahla. Iphinde ichaze izidingo zokwenza izincwadi zefa. I-Belozersky Customs charter eyahlanganiswa ngekhulunyaka elifanayo iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nezimo ezifanele zokucubungula ukudayiswa nokuthenga.
Kuze kube ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-notary njengesikhungo esihlukile ibingekho Ezweni Lethu. Imisebenzi yalezi ngcweti, njengaseRoma lasendulo, yayisenziwa ababhali, ngezinye izikhathi ngabefundisi. Kepha vele ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-notary yasungulwa njengeyunithi ezimele. Abaqaphi basebenza enkantolo yesifunda ngayinye, ukuqokwa kwabo kwakusingathwa usihlalo weJudicial Chamber. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wababhalisi wawuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nemibhalo yendawo.
Ngemva kokuvukela umbuso, isimo sashintsha kakhulu. Ukuqedwa kwempahla yangasese kwashintsha isimo sababhalisi isikhathi eside - yaba ngekahulumeni ngokuphelele. Esikhathini esisuka ku-1917 kuya ku-1922, ababhali bezincwadi benza imisebenzi esemthethweni kuphela yokuqinisekisa imibhalo. Nokho, kancane kancane inani lezenzo landa kakhulu. Lokhu kwafakwa esinqumweni esasebenza kuze kube ukuwa kwe-USSR, lapho zonke izibopho zababhalisi zazibhalwe khona. Ngo-1993, lesi sikhungo saphinde saba ngasese futhi sazimele kuhulumeni.
Ngo-2016, ama-notaries agubha iminyaka engu-150 ikhona. Ukuhlonipha usuku olubalulekile, kwakhishwa iSimemezelo sikaMongameli we-Federation lapho kwakhiwa iholide elisemthethweni lochwepheshe. Ngokwalo mbhalo, usuku oluhlala njalo lwabelwa uSuku lwe-Notary - 26 April.
Kodwa-ke, kuze kube ngu-2016, ochwepheshe bagubha lolu suku, kodwa ngokungekho emthethweni. Kuphela manje bawugubha ngo-April 27. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngo-Ephreli 14 (ngokwesitayela esidala), ngo-1866, uMbusi u-Alexander II wasayina "Imithetho ye-notarial part". Kusuka kulo nyaka lapho i-notary yesimanje iqala khona. Lapho bekhetha usuku lweholide elingekho emthethweni - ngo-Ephreli 27 - abazange bacabangele izici ezihlukile zokuhumusha kusukela kusitayela esidala kuya kwesisha. Kodwa bakunakile lokhu lapho bekhipha isimemezelo sikamongameli futhi bakhetha usuku olunembile ngokomlando - 26 April.
Amasiko amaholide
Njengamaholide amaningi afanayo, uSuku Lommeli Ezweni Lethu lugujwa kabanzi emphakathini wochwepheshe. Njengomthetho, izingqungquthela ezinkulu kanye nemihlangano ihlelwe ukuthi ihambisane nalolu suku, lapho ozakwabo bengakwazi ukushintshanisa ulwazi nolwazi kuphela, kodwa futhi bayahalaliselana endaweni engakahleleki.