(Hhayi)Isivivinyo Sezingane: Ukuthi Izivivinyo Zikushintsha Kanjani Ukucabanga Kwezingane

Wonke umuntu uthanda ukuthatha izivivinyo, ukuqagela impendulo efanele, kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusebenzi ekuhlolweni kwesikole. Lapho intengo yephoyinti ngalinye iphezulu kakhulu, asikho isikhathi semidlalo. Khonamanjalo, ukuhlolwa sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwezingane zesikole. Kusukela kulo nyaka, ukuhlolwa kokugcina kwabafundi bebanga lesi-4, okwethulwe nguMnyango Wezemfundo, kwengezwe ku-Unified State Examination kanye ne-OGE, esevele ingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi ubudala, futhi izophinde ibanjwe ngefomethi yokuhlola.

Umphumela awubanga isikhathi eside ukuvela: ezikoleni eziningi, othisha benza imisebenzi yokuhlola nezingane ezivela ebangeni lesibili. Futhi eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo, izingane zesikole azihlukani nokuphrinta izivivinyo namafomu, lapho ezindaweni ezibekwe ngokuqinile inyanga nenyanga ziqeqeshelwa ukubeka imikhaza noma iziphambano.

Isimiso sokuhlola sokufundisa nokuhlola ulwazi sikuthinta kanjani ukucabanga komntwana, indlela yakhe yokuqonda ukwaziswa? Sibuze ongoti ngakho.

Impendulo iyatholakala!

Uma kwenzeka, lo mbuzo ngowabafundi bebanga lesibili futhi kunempendulo eyodwa kuphela efanele, inombolo yesithathu. Azikho izinketho. Akubandakanyi ukucabanga ngesihloko: futhi uma amaswidi, ngokwesibonelo, anotshwala noma imibala yokwenziwa, ingabe kunengqondo ukuwanikeza izingane? Ingabe kuyadingeka ukususa amanye amaswidi uma umuntu wokuzalwa engawathandi noma engawadli nhlobo? Kungani ungakwazi ukwabelana ngawo wonke amaswidi ngesikhathi esisodwa?

Imisebenzi yokuhlola efana nalena, ethathwe encwadini ethi «The World Around», ayikuvumeli ukuba ucabangele isimo ngevolumu, usungule ubudlelwane bembangela-nomphumela, futhi ufunde ukucabanga ngokujulile. Futhi izivivinyo ezinjalo ziya ngokuya zivela ohlelweni lwezifundo zesikole.

"Ingane eyenza imisebenzi enjalo isikhathi esiningi iyayeka ukuzihlanganisa nayo, nokuphila kwayo," kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esikhona uSvetlana Krivtsova. Uyajwayela ukuthi kukhona osemnikeze impendulo efanele. Okudingekayo kuye ukukhumbula nokukhiqiza kabusha ngendlela efanele.

“Ukusebenza njalo nezivivinyo kufundisa ingane ukuphila ngendlela ekhuthazayo, yokuphendula imibuzo,” isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMaria Falikman sivumelana nozakwabo. - Ngezindlela eziningi, impilo yethu yansuku zonke ihlelwe kakhulu. Kodwa ukukhetha le modi, ngaleyo ndlela sivala amathuba okuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, ukucabanga kokudala. Ukuze uphumelele kuleyo professional lapho udinga ukwazi ukudlula enikeziwe, izinga. Kodwa ingane, ejwayele ukukhona ohlelweni lwemibuzo nezimpendulo ezenziwe ngomumo kusukela esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ithola kanjani leli khono - ukubuza imibuzo nokubheka izimpendulo ze-atypical?

Izingxenye ezingenayo yonke?

Ngokungafani nezivivinyo zeminyaka edlule, izivivinyo azinakho ukuxhumana okunengqondo phakathi kwemisebenzi. Zidinga ikhono lokuphatha amanani amakhulu edatha futhi zishintshe ngokushesha zisuka kwesinye isihloko ziye kwesinye. Ngalo mqondo, uhlelo lokuhlola lwethulwa ngesikhathi: okufanayo ncamashi kuyadingeka esizukulwaneni esisha ngezindlela zesimanje zokuxhumana.

“Izingane ezikhule ngesikhathi sobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zibheka umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile,” kuphawula uRada Granovskaya, Doctor of Psychology. “Umbono wabo awulandelani futhi awuhambisani nombhalo. Babona ulwazi ngomgomo wesiqeshana. Ukucabanga ngeziqeshana kuyinto evamile entsheni yanamuhla.” Ngakho izivivinyo nazo zifundisa ingane ukuba igxile emininingwaneni. Ukunaka kwakhe kuba kufushane, kuyingxenye, kuba nzima ngaye ukufunda imibhalo emide, ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi emikhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi.

“Noma isiphi isivivinyo siyimpendulo yemibuzo ethile,” kusho uMaria Falikman. - Kodwa ukuhlolwa kuyimibuzo eminingi emincane ethize eyenza isithombe sihlukane kakhulu. Kuhle uma ingane ifundiswa i-physics, biology noma isiRashiya, bese kuthi ngosizo lokuhlola balinganise ukuthi isiphumelele kangakanani isifundo. Kodwa lapho umntwana eqeqeshwa unyaka wonke ukuze aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-physics, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi uzoyiqonda i-physics. Ngamanye amazwi, angiboni lutho olungalungile ngezivivinyo njengethuluzi lokulinganisa. Into esemqoka ukuthi azishintshi izifundo. I-thermometer yinhle uma ikala izinga lokushisa, kodwa imbi njengomuthi.

ubone umehluko

Kodwa-ke, kungaba iphutha ukusho ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yokuhlola inciphisa umkhathi ngokulinganayo futhi ifundise ingane ukucabanga ngendlela elula, ukuxazulula uhlobo olufanayo lwemisebenzi engayodwa, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nomongo wempilo yabo.

U-Alexander Shmelev, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, uprofesa eMoscow State University, umqondisi wezesayensi weSikhungo Sokucwaninga u-Alexander Shmelev uqinisekisa ukuthi: “Ukuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho okukhethwa kukho izimpendulo esezilungiselelwe futhi ezisetshenziswa esifundweni kunethonya elibi ekucabangeni kwethu. Humanitarian Technologies. “Iba yinzalo. Okusho ukuthi, kungcono sikhumbule isisombululo esenziwe ngomumo (siphendukela ekhanda) kunokuba sizame ukuthola, "ukusungula" isixazululo esisha. Ukuhlolwa okulula akubandakanyi ukusesha, iziphetho ezinengqondo, umcabango, ekugcineni.

Kodwa-ke, ama-KIM okuhlolwa ashintsha abe ngcono unyaka nonyaka. Namuhla, ukuhlolwa kwe-OGE kanye ne-USE ngokuyinhloko kufaka phakathi imibuzo edinga impendulo yamahhala, ikhono lokusebenza nemithombo, ukuhumusha amaqiniso, ukuveza nokuphikisana nombono womuntu.

“Akukho lutho olungalungile ngemisebenzi yokuhlola eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka,” kusho u-Alexander Shmelev, “ngokuphambene: lapho umfundi ezixazulula ngokwengeziwe, kulapho ulwazi lwakhe nokucabanga kwakhe (kule ndaba) kuphenduka “ekumemezeleni” (okungacacile nangokwethiyori) ibe "ukusebenza" (ukhonkolo nokungokoqobo), okungukuthi, ulwazi luphenduka amakhono - lube yikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga.

Isici sokwesaba

Kodwa isistimu yokuhlola yokuhlola ulwazi ibangele omunye umphumela ongemuhle ohambisana nezilinganiso nezijeziso. "Ezweni lakithi, isiko eliyingozi liye lathuthukiswa ukuhlola umsebenzi wezikole nothisha ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-Unified State Exam kanye ne-OGE," kusho u-Vladimir Zagvozkin, umcwaningi weSikhungo Sezengqondo Ezisebenzayo e-Academy of Social. Abaphathi. "Esimeni esinjalo, lapho inani lephutha ngalinye liphezulu kakhulu, uthisha nabafundi babanjwe ukwesaba ukwehluleka, kakade kunzima ukuthola injabulo nenjabulo ohlelweni lokufunda."

Kodwa lokhu kungenye yezimo eziyinhloko zemfundo yesikole esezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze umntwana athande ukufunda, acabange, afunde ukukhuluma futhi aphikisane, axazulule izinkinga zezibalo, abe nesithakazelo kwisayensi namasiko, isimo sokwethembana, esiphephile kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle mayelana nephutha kuyadingeka.

Lesi akusona isitatimende esingenasisekelo: usosayensi owaziwayo waseNew Zealand uJohn Hattie wafinyelela esiphethweni esicacile, efingqa imiphumela yezifundo ezingaphezu kuka-50 ezicini ezithinta impumelelo yezingane ezifundweni, ngamashumi ezigidi zabafundi.

Abazali abakwazi ukushintsha uhlelo lwesikole, kodwa okungenani bangakha isimo esiphephile esinjalo ekhaya. “Khombisa ingane yakho ukuthi ukuphila okungokwesayensi okukhulu nokuthakazelisayo kuvuleka ngaphandle kokuhlolwa,” kweluleka uMaria Falikman. - Myise ezifundweni ezidumile, unikele ngezincwadi nezifundo zevidiyo ezitholakalayo namuhla kunoma yisiphi isifundo kanye namazinga ahlukahlukene obunzima. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi utshela ingane yakho ukuthi umphumela wokuhlolwa awubalulekile kuwe njengokuqonda kwakhe okujwayelekile kwesihloko. Uma kumzali kungekho lutho ngaphandle komphumela, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuzoba into eyinhloko yengane.

Uzilungiselela kanjani izivivinyo?

Izincomo ezivela kochwepheshe bethu

1. Udinga ukujwayela ukuphumelela izivivinyo, okusho ukuthi udinga nje ukuqeqesha. Ukuqeqeshwa kunikeza umbono wezinga lakho lolwazi futhi kunikeze ukuqonda ukuthi uzobonisa umphumela "ezingeni lakho" (plus noma susa 5-7%). Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyohlale kunemisebenzi ozoyixazulula, noma ngabe uhlangabezana nemisebenzi eminingi ongeke ukwazi ukuyixazulula.

2. Okokuqala, qedela leyo misebenzi exazululwa "ohambeni." Uma ucabanga, manqikanqika, yeqa, qhubekela phambili. Uma ufika ekupheleni kokuhlolwa, buyela emisebenzini engaxazululiwe. Hlukanisa isikhathi esisele ngenombolo yabo ukuze uthole inombolo enkulu yemizuzu ongakwazi ukuyikhokhela yokucabanga ngombuzo ngamunye. Uma ingekho impendulo, shiya lo mbuzo bese uqhubekela phambili. Leli qhinga lizokuvumela ukuthi ulahlekelwe amaphuzu kuphela ngalokho ongakwazi ngempela, futhi hhayi ngalokho ongakabi naso isikhathi sokufika kukho.

3. Yenza okuningi ngezimpendulo ezinikezwa ukuhlolwa okuningi ongakhetha kuzo. Ngokuvamile ungaqagela ukuthi iyiphi elungile. Uma unokuqagela, kodwa ungenaso isiqiniseko, hlola le nketho noma kunjalo, ingcono kunalutho. Noma ungazi lutho nhlobo, maka into nomaphi, likhona ithuba lokushaya.

4. Shiya isikhathi sokuhlola umsebenzi: ingabe amafomu agcwaliswe ngendlela efanele, ukudluliselwa kuyabhalwa, ingabe kubekwe iziphambano ngokumelene nalezo zimpendulo?

5. Ungasebenzisi imibhalo esenziwe ngomumo yezindatshana noma izindatshana ezivela kumaqoqo. Okokuqala, abahloli ngokuvamile bajwayelene nabo. Okwesibili, imibhalo yakhona ivame ukuba mibi futhi isiphelelwe yisikhathi. Ungazami ukujabulisa abahloli ngombono wakho ogqamile futhi ongajwayelekile wesihloko. Bhala umbhalo omuhle, ozolile. Cabangela kusengaphambili izinketho zesiqalo nesiphetho sayo, qoqa "izikhala" eziningi ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene. Kungaba ukucaphuna okuphumelelayo, isithombe esicacile, noma isingeniso esizolile senkinga. Uma unesiqalo esihle nesiphetho esihle, okunye kuyindaba yesu.

6. Thola amasayithi anokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okukuvumela ukuthi uqeqeshe ukunaka, inkumbulo, umcabango obonakalayo, ingqondo — futhi unqume noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, izivivinyo eziningi ezahlukene zingatholakala mahhala"Iqembu labahloli bobuchwepheshe bokuhlola" (KITT).