Ukopha enganeni

Kuyini ukopha enganeni

I-Nosebleeds ukugeleza kwegazi eliphuma emakhaleni, okwenzeka lapho udonga lwe-vascular lonakele. Kulesi simo, igazi linombala obomvu futhi liphuma ngamaconsi noma umfudlana. Ukopha kakhulu kungase kubeke ukuphila engozini. 

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-nosebleeds ezinganeni: 

• Front. Ivela ngaphambili ekhaleni, ngokuvamile ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Ngokuvamile, ikhala lengane liphuma igazi ngenxa yomoya owomile ekamelweni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphelelwa amanzi kwamanzi kwe-mucosa kwenzeka futhi ukuqhekeka ku-membrane yamakhala kubonakala.

• Emuva. Iyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ibonakala ngenxa yokwephulwa kobuqotho bemikhumbi emikhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukumisa igazi, ngokushesha udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi. Kuvela ngokukhuphuka kwengcindezi noma uma kwenzeka kulimala. Lolu hlobo lokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ezinganeni lubeka engcupheni enkulu emgudwini wokuphefumula, njengoba lungabangela ukulangazelela nokufa ngokushesha.

Izimbangela zokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni ezinganeni

Udokotela wezingane u-Elena Pisareva igqamisa izimbangela ezimbalwa zokopha enganeni: 

• Ubuthakathaka nokulimala kwemikhumbi ye-mucosa yamakhala. Lokhu kungu-90% wakho konke ukopha ezinganeni. Ivamise ukuthi isuke ekhaleni elilodwa, ingashubi, ikwazi ukuzimisa yodwa futhi ayiyona ingozi.
• Izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-ENT: ama-polyps e-mucosal, i-septum ehlukanisiwe, ukungahambi kahle kwemikhumbi ye-mucosa yamakhala, izinguquko ze-atrophic ku-mucosa ngenxa ye-pathology engapheli noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamaconsi e-vasoconstrictor.
• I-trauma - kusukela ekukhethweni kwe-banal ekhaleni kuya ekuqhekekeni kwamathambo ekhala; 
• Umzimba wangaphandle - ithoyizi elincane, ubuhlalu, njll.
• Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.
• I-Hematological pathologies (ukwehla kwenani lamaplatelet, ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuhlangana, njll.).

Ukwelashwa kwe-nosebleeds ezinganeni

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuphuma kwegazi ezinganeni ezimweni eziningi kuyeka ngokushesha futhi akudingi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Kodwa ezimweni ezingu-10%, isimo singaphezu kokulawulwa futhi akunakwenzeka ukumisa igazi ngokwalo. Odokotela kufanele babizwe ngokuphuthumayo uma ingane inegazi elibi (i-hemophilia); ingane yaquleka, yaquleka, ingane yanikezwa izidakamizwa ezisiza ukondla igazi. Kufanele futhi ubone udokotela uma une: 

• usongo lokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwegazi;
• izinsolo zokuphuka kogebhezi (uketshezi olucacile luphuma negazi);
• ukuhlanza ngamahlule egazi (mhlawumbe umonakalo ku-esophagus, i-ventricle) noma ukuphuma kwegazi ngegwebu. 

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kanye nezifundo, udokotela uzobeka ukwelashwa kwegazi ekhaleni lomntwana. 

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwe-nosebleed enganeni akunzima. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sezikhalazo kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kusetshenziswa i-pharyngoscopy noma i-rhinoscopy. 

– Uma ukopha kwenzeka njalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe. Dlula ukuhlolwa kwegazi emtholampilo, i-coagulogram, vakashela udokotela wezingane kanye nodokotela we-ENT, kusho u-Elena Pisareva.

Ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile ye-nosebleeds enganeni, odokotela, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo jikelele, ama-coagulogram, banqume izindlela ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zocwaningo: 

• ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwezitho zangaphakathi;
• i-electrocardiography;
• ukuhlolwa kwe-x-ray yezono zamakhala kanye ne-cranial cavity;
• i-computed tomography kanye ne-imaging magnetic resonance yezono. 

Izokwelapha

Enye yezindlela eziphumelelayo zokwelapha мukwelashwa kwemithi. Kulokhu, udokotela wezingane ubeka izidakamizwa ezisiza ukunciphisa ubuthakathaka be-capillary kanye nokuqina. Uma kwenzeka ukopha okukhulu okuphindaphindiwe ngezikhathi ezithile, udokotela angase anikeze imikhiqizo yegazi - i-platelet mass kanye ne-plasma entsha efriziwe. 

izindlela Conservative zihlanganisa: 

• ukwenza i-tamponade yangaphambili - le ndlela ihlanganisa ukwethula i-gauze swab eswakanyiswe nge-hydrogen peroxide noma i-hemostatics emgodini wamakhala.
• ukuqhuba i-tamponade yangemuva - i-tampon idonswa nge-catheter yerabha kusukela emgodini wamakhala kuya ku-choanae futhi ihlanganiswe nemicu ekhishwa ekhaleni nasemlonyeni.
• ngokuhambisana ne-tamponade, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hemostatic kunqunyelwe. 

Uma ukwelashwa okulondoloziwe kungazange kuveze imiphumela, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlinzwa zokwelapha - i-electrocoagulation, i-cryocoagulation, indlela yamaza omsakazo, i-laser coagulation. 

Ukuvimbela igazi ekhaleni enganeni ekhaya

Ukuze ingane ingaphumi ekhaleni, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezizosiza ukuqinisa imithambo yegazi: 

• humidification komoya ekamelweni. Abazali kufanele bathenge i-humidifier enkulisa noma ekamelweni lapho ingane ivame khona. 
• ukuthatha ama-vitamin supplements. Akufanele ukhethe futhi uthenge amavithamini ngokwakho, vumela udokotela wezingane anikeze izidakamizwa.
• ukusetshenziswa kwemifino emisha, izithelo, izinhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi, izithelo ze-citrus. Ingane kufanele ibe nokudla okulinganiselayo nokunempilo; 
• ukuvimbela ukulimala kwekhala nekhanda.
• gwema ukudla ukudla okunganciphisa igazi: ama-apula, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ama-strawberries, ama-currants. Le nto ikakhulukazi yalezo zingane ezibhekene nesifo.
• ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezingaqinisa ukuzivikela kwengane futhi zithambisa i-mucosa yamakhala, lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezijwayele ukungezwani komzimba kanye nemikhuhlane evamile. Nakulokhu, udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuyithatha.
• ingane, ikakhulukazi evame ukubhekana ne-nosebleeds, kufanele igweme imidlalo enzima, kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu. 

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Izimpendulo udokotela wezingane u-Elena Pisareva.