Ama-Pesceterians, Frutherian, Flexitarians - kubantu abangaqashiwe, lawa magama azwakala njengencazelo yebutho le-Allied kusukela ku-movie ye-Star Wars.
Futhi lapho umuntu onjalo eshintsha ukudla kwakhe ekudleni ukudla kwezitshalo (ngokwesibonelo, enqaba inyama, kodwa eqhubeka nokudla inhlanzi), uphendula ngobuqotho imibuzo yabangane bakhe: "Yebo, ngaba imifino, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngidla izinhlanzi. ngoba…”.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuxekethile nokungacabangi kwegama elithi "imifino" kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izithunzi ngendlela yamakhanda ezinhlanzi nemilenze yenkukhu ziwela kwifilosofi yemifino. Imingcele yalo mqondo ayicacile, incazelo yayo yonke into abantu abadla imifino eba yimifino ngenxa yayo ilahlekile.
Futhi nsuku zonke kunama-“fish-tarians” asanda kwenziwa kanye “nama-meat-tarians”…
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunabantu abaningi abangayidli inyama ngenxa yombono noma ngokweseluleko sikadokotela, kodwa abangazibheki njengabadla imifino.
Ngakho obani abadla imifino futhi badla izinhlanzi?
I-Vegetarian Society, eyasungulwa eGreat Britain emuva ngo-1847, iwuphendula ngokusemthethweni lo mbuzo: “Umuntu odla imifino akayidli inyama yezilwane nezinyoni, kokubili ezifuywayo nezibulawa ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinhlanzi, amagobolondo, ama-crustaceans nayo yonke imikhiqizo ehlobene nokubulawa kwezilwane ezifuywayo. izidalwa eziphilayo.” Noma ngamafuphi: “Umuntu odla imifino akadli noma yini efile.” Okusho ukuthi abantu abadla imifino abazidli izinhlanzi.
NgokukaJuliet Gellatley, isishoshovu samalungelo ezilwane saseBrithani nomqondisi we-Viva!, abantu abadla izinhlanzi abanalo ilungelo lokuzibiza ngabadla imifino.
Uma usuvele uyeka inyama yezilwane nezinyoni ezinegazi elifudumele, kodwa uqhubeke udla izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle, u-PESCETARIAN (ovela ku-pescetarian yesiNgisi). Kodwa namanje akuzona imifino.
Phakathi kwabadla imifino kanye nabadla imifino kungaba negebe elikhulu emibonweni yabo ngokuhlupheka kwezidalwa eziphilayo. Imvamisa lezi zamuva ziyenqaba inyama yezilwane ezincelisayo ngoba zingafuni ukuba yimbangela yokuhlupheka kwazo. Bakholelwa ekuhlakanipheni kwezilwane, kodwa izinhlanzi… “Ubuchopho benhlanzi bulula, okusho ukuthi cishe ayibuzwa ubuhlungu,” abantu abanomusa bayazithethelela ngoku-oda inhlanzi ethosiwe endaweni yokudlela.
“Emaphepheni esayensi anedumela elihle, uzothola ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi izilwane ezincelisayo, ngaphezu kobuhlungu obungokomzimba, zingase zibe nokwesaba, zicindezeleke, zizwe okuthile okusongelayo, zithuke futhi zihlukumezeke engqondweni. Ezinhlanzini, imizwelo ayibonakali, kodwa kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi izinhlanzi nazo zithola ukwesaba nobuhlungu. Noma ubani ongafuni ukubangela ukuhlupheka kwezidalwa eziphilayo kufanele ayeke ukudla izinhlanzi,” kusho uProfesa Andrew Linzey, uMqondisi we-Oxford Center for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, umlobi wencwadi ethi Why Animal Suffering Matters. ).
Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abanquma ukuba yimifino abakwazi ukuyeka izinhlanzi, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe impilo - ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezinamafutha ezinhlanzi. Eqinisweni, izinto ezifanayo ezizuzisayo zingatholakala ekudleni kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, uwoyela we-flaxseed ungomunye wemithombo ecebile kakhulu ye-omega-3 fatty acids futhi awunawo ubuthi be-mercury obutholakala ezinhlanzini.
Ingabe bakhona abadla inyama yemifino?
Ngo-2003, i-American Dialectic Society yabona i-FLEXITARIAN njengegama elidume kakhulu lonyaka. I-flexitarian “ungumuntu odla imifino odinga inyama.”
I-Wikipedia ichaza i-flexitarianism ngale ndlela elandelayo: “Ukudla kwemifino okuhlanganisa ukudla kwemifino, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganise nenyama. Ama-Flexitarians alwela ukudla inyama encane ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa awayikhiphi ngokuphelele ekudleni kwawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, alikho inani elithile lenyama edliwayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe umuntu ovumelana nezimo.”
Lesi siqondiso se-"semi-vegetarianism" sivame ukugxekwa ngabadla imifino ngokwabo, njengoba iphikisana nefilosofi yabo. NgokukaJuliet Gellatly, umqondo othi “flexitarianism” awusho lutho.
Khona-ke ukubiza kanjani umuntu osevele waqala indlela yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okubulalayo, kodwa engakakabi yimifino?
Abadayisi baseNtshonalanga sebevele bakunakile lokhu:
Ukunciphisa inyama - ngokwezwi nezwi "ukunciphisa inyama" - umuntu onciphisa inani lokudla kwenyama ekudleni kwakhe. Isibonelo, e-UK, ngokocwaningo, i-23% yabantu ingaphansi kweqembu "lokunciphisa inyama". Izizathu ngokuvamile ziyizinkomba zezokwelapha, kanye nokungabi nandaba nezinkinga zemvelo. Amapulazi emfuyo akhipha i-methane, elimaza kakhulu umkhathi womhlaba izikhathi ezingu-23 kune-carbon dioxide.
Ukugwema inyama - ngokwezwi nezwi "ukugwema inyama" - umuntu ozama, uma kungenzeka, ukuba angayidli inyama, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akaphumeleli. I-10% yabantu base-UK ingeqembu elithi "abagwema inyama", bona, njengomthetho, sebevele babelana ngemibono yemifino.
“Abangaphezu kwengxenye yesine yabaphendulile [e-UK] bathi badla inyama encane manje kunaleyo ababeyidla eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Singabona izinguquko ekudleni kwabantu. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamalungu enhlangano yethu ngabantu abazama ukunciphisa inani lenyama ekudleni kwabo. Abaningi baqala ngokusika inyama ebomvu ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo, bese beyeka ukudla inyama emhlophe, inhlanzi nokunye. Futhi nakuba lezi zinguquko ekuqaleni zibangelwa ukucabangela komuntu siqu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi laba bantu bangagcwala ifilosofi yokungadli imifino,” kusho uJuliet Gellatly.
Ukudla kwemifino kanye ne-pseudo-vegetarian
Ukuze uthole ukuthi ubani ongadli imifino nokuthi ubani ongeyena ... ake sibheke iWikipedia!
I-Vegetarianism, lapho kungenakho nhlobo UKUDLA OKUBULAYO, ihlanganisa:
- I-Classical Vegetarianism - ngaphezu kokudla kwezitshalo, imikhiqizo yobisi kanye noju kuvunyelwe. Abadla imifino abadla imikhiqizo yobisi babizwa nangokuthi i-lacto-vegetarians.
- I-Ovo-Vegetarian - ukudla kwezitshalo, amaqanda, uju, kodwa akukho mikhiqizo yobisi.
- I-Veganism - ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela (akukho amaqanda nemikhiqizo yobisi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi uju luvunyelwe). Ngokuvamile ama-vegans enqaba yonke into eyenziwa kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo yezilwane (insipho, izingubo ezenziwe ngoboya nesikhumba, uboya, njll.).
- I-Fruitarianism - izithelo zezitshalo kuphela, ngokuvamile eziluhlaza (izithelo, amajikijolo, imifino yezithelo, amantongomane, imbewu). Isimo sengqondo sokuqaphela hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni, kodwa nasezitshalweni (ngaphandle kwamaqanda, imikhiqizo yobisi, uju).
- Ukudla kwemifino/imifino eluhlaza - kudliwa ukudla okuluhlaza kuphela.
Izidlo ezilandelayo AKUKHO okungezona imifino njengoba zivumela ukudla okubulalayo, nakuba amanani akho engase akhawulelwe:
- I-Pescatarianism kanye ne-Pollotarianism - Ukugwema inyama ebomvu kodwa udla izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle (i-Pescatarianism) kanye / noma izinkukhu (i-Pollotarianism)
- I-Flexitarianism ukusetshenziswa okusesilinganisweni noma okungajwayelekile kakhulu kwenyama, izinkukhu, inhlanzi, nokudla kwasolwandle.
- I-Omnivorous yokudla okuluhlaza - ukudla kuphela ukudla okuluhlaza noma okufushane kakhulu okufakwe ukushisa, okuhlanganisa inyama, inhlanzi, njll.
Uma uhlolisisa zonke izinhlobo zokudla, ungathola izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezingaphansi kanye nezigatshana ezintsha ezinamagama angaphandle kakhulu. Akumangazi ukuthi abantu abashintshe isimo sabo sengqondo ngenyama baba “inyama encane, encane noma engekho” bakhetha ukumane bazibiza ngokuthi “abadla imifino.” Lokhu kulula kakhulu kunokuchazela u-anti wakho isikhathi eside ukuthi kungani ungawadli ama-cutlets akhe, futhi ubeke izaba ukuze angacasuki.
Iqiniso lokuthi umuntu usevele waqala indlela yokudla eqaphela futhi enempilo kubaluleke kakhulu kunegama azibiza ngalo.
Ngakho-ke masibekezelelane kakhudlwana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi ifilosofi yokudla esinamathela kuyo. Ngoba, ngokweBhayibheli, “akukho okungena emlonyeni okumngcolisayo, kodwa okuphuma emlonyeni wakhe kuyamngcolisa. (IVangeli likaMathewu, isahluko 15)
Umbhali: Maryna Usenko
Ngokusekelwe esihlokweni esithi "Ukunyuka kwemifino engeyona imifino" ka-Finlo Rohrer, i-BBC News Magazine