I-Nephrology wubungcweti kwezokwelapha obuthinta ukuvimbela, ukuxilonga nokwelashwa kwesifo sezinso.

Izinso (umzimba unezimbili) zokuhlunga cishe amalitha angama-200 we-plasma yegazi nsuku zonke. Zikhipha ubuthi kanye nokungcola komzimba emchameni, bese zibuyisela izinto ezidingekayo ukuze umzimba usebenze kahle egazini. Ukwenza isithombe, ake sithi badlala indima yesitshalo sokuhlanza esihluza amanzi angcolile edolobha. 

Izifo eziningi zidinga ukubonisana nephrologist. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• a ukwehluleka kwezinso okunamandla noma okungapheli;
• we i-renal colic ;
• proteinuria (ukuba khona kwamaprotheni emchameni);
• hematuria (ukuba khona kwegazi emchameni);
• isifo se-nephritic;
• i-glomerulonephritis;
• noma izifo eziphindaphindayo zomgudu womchamo.

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yesifo sezinso. Nazi ezinye izici ezaziwa ukwandisa ubungozi:

• isifo sikashukela;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• ukubhema;
• noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (3).

I-nephrologist inguchwepheshe wezinso. Usebenza esibhedlela futhi uphethe umkhakha wezokwelapha, kepha hhayi owokuhlinzwa (ngudokotela womchamo owenza ukuhlinza ezinso noma emgodini wokuchama). Ngenxa yalokhu, wenza izinqubo eziningi zokwelashwa:

• okokuqala ubuza isiguli sakhe, ikakhulukazi ukuthola imininingwane ngomunye umndeni noma umlando wezokwelapha;
• wenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo okunzima;
• angenza noma a-ode izivivinyo, njenge-ultrasound yezinso nomgudu wokuchama, i-CT scan, i-renal scintigraphy, i-renal biopsy, i-angiogram;
• ulandela iziguli ezine-dialysis, unakekela imiphumela yangemva kokuhlinzwa yokufakelwa kwezinso;
• ubuye abeke ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, futhi anikeze nezeluleko ngokudla.

Ukubonisana nephrologist akubandakanyi izingozi ezithile zesiguli.

Ukuqeqeshelwa ukuba yi-nephrologist eFrance

Ukuze ube yi-nephrologist, umfundi kumele athole idiploma yezifundo ezikhethekile (DES) ku-nephrology:

• ngemuva kwe-baccalaureate yakhe, kufanele aqale alandele iminyaka eyi-6 ku-faculty yezokwelapha;
• ekupheleni konyaka wesithupha, abafundi bathatha izivivinyo zokuhlukanisa izwe ukuze bangene esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso. Ngokuya ngezigaba zabo, bazokwazi ukukhetha okukhethekile kanye nendawo yabo yokusebenza. I-internship ku-nephrology ihlala iminyaka engu-6 futhi iphela ngokuthola i-DES ku-nephrology.

Ekugcineni, ukuze akwazi ukuzijwayeza ukuba yi-nephrologist futhi aphathe isihloko sikadokotela, umfundi kumele futhi avikele ithisisi yocwaningo.

Ukuqeqeshelwa ukuba yi-nephrologist eQuebec

Ngemuva kwezifundo zasekolishi, umfundi kumele:

• landela iziqu zobudokotela kwezokwelapha, ezihlala iminyaka eyi-1 noma eyi-4 (unyaka wokulungiselela noma ongenawo unyaka wezokwelapha wabafundi abavunyelwe ukuqeqeshwa ekolishi noma eyunivesithi okubhekwa njengokwanele kwisayensi eyisisekelo yezinto eziphilayo);
• bese wenza ngokukhethekile ngokulandela iminyaka engu-3 yokwelashwa kwangaphakathi neminyaka engu-2 yokuhlala kwi-nephrology.

Lungiselela ukuvakasha

Ngaphambi kokuya kwi-aphoyintimenti ne-nephrologist, kubalulekile ukuthatha imiyalelo yamuva, noma yimaphi ama-x-ray, ama-scan noma ama-MRIs enziwe.

Ukuthola i-nephrologist:

• eQuebec, ungaxhumana newebhusayithi ethi “Quebec Médecin” (4);
• eFrance, ngewebhusayithi ye-Ordre des médecins (5).

Lapho ukubonisana nodokotela we-nephrologist kunqunywa ngudokotela obekhona, kumbozwa yi-Health Insurance (France) noma iRégie de l'assurance maladie du Québec.