I-Otology yisipesheli sezokwelapha esinikezwe uthando nokungajwayelekile kwendlebe nokuzwa. I-subspecialty ye-otolaryngology noma "ENT".

I-Otology inakekela ukuthandwa kwendlebe:

• yangaphandle, ehlanganisa i-pinna kanye nomsele wokuzwa wangaphandle;
• medium, eyakhiwe i-tympanum, iketango lamathambo (isando, i-anvil, i-stirrup), amafasitela e-labyrinthine kanye ne-eustachian tube;
• ingaphakathi, noma i-cochlea, eyisitho sokuzwa, esakhiwe imisele eminingana eyisiyingi.

I-Otology igxile ikakhulukazi ekulungiseni ukuphazamiseka kokuzwa. Lokhu kungaba ngokuzumayo noma okuqhubekayo, "kokudluliselwa" (ukulimala kwendlebe yangaphandle noma ephakathi) noma "ukubona" ​​(ukulimala kwendlebe yangaphakathi).

I-otologist ihileleke ekwelapheni izifo eziningi. Nalu uhlu olungapheli lwezinkinga ezingathinta izindlebe ikakhulukazi:

• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukungezwa;
• indlebe (ubuhlungu bendlebe);
• ukuphazamiseka kwebhalansi, isiyezi;
• tinnitus.

Ngezizathu eziningi ezingenzeka:

• izifo zendlebe eziphindaphindiwe (kuhlanganise ne-cholesteatoma, i-tympanosclerosis, njll.);
• ukugcwala kwe-eardrum;
• i-otosclerosis (i-ossification yezakhi zangaphakathi zendlebe);
• Isifo sikaMeniere ;
• i-neurinome;
• ubuthulu bomsebenzi kanye “nobuthi”;
• ama-pathologies abuhlungu.

I-Pathologies ye-ENT sphere ingathinta noma ubani, kodwa kunezici ezithile eziqashelwayo eziyingozi, phakathi kwezinye, iminyaka encane ngoba izingane zivame ukugula ezindlebeni nezinye izifo ze-ENT kunabantu abadala.

Ukufika ekuxilongweni nasekuboneni umsuka wezifo, i-otologist:

• ubuza isiguli sakhe ukuthola ubunjalo bezinkinga, usuku lwazo lokuqala kanye nemodi yazo yokuzibangela, izinga lokungazizwa okuzwayo;
• ibhala imvelo engazelelwe noma eqhubekayo yokungezwa, okusiza ukuqondisa ukuxilongwa;
• ukwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwendlebe yangaphandle kanye ne-eardrum, usebenzisa i-otoscope;
• kungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe (ukuhlola ukulahleka kokuzwa noma isiyezi):
• i-acumetry (ukuhlolwa kuka-Weber no-Rinne);
• i-audiometry (ukulalela ngama-headphones ekhabetheni elingazwakali, phakathi kwabanye);
• impedancemetry (ukuhlola indlebe ephakathi ne-eardrum);
• ukuhlolwa kwe-vestibulo-ocular reflex uma kwenzeka kuba nesiyezi;
• ukuqhutshwa kokuhlolwa kwe-vestibular (ngokwesibonelo, ukuguqula isikhundla sesiguli ngokushesha ukuhlola amandla aso okumelana nokunyakaza).

Uma ukuxilongwa sekutholakele, ukwelashwa kuzonikezwa. Kungaba ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha noma ukufaka izitho zokwenziwa noma izimila.

Ngokuya ngokuqina kwayo, sihlukanisa:

• ubuthulu obuncane uma ukushoda kungaphansi kwama-30 dB;
• isilinganiso sokungezwa, uma siphakathi kuka-30 no-60 dB;
• ubuthulu obukhulu, uma buphakathi kuka-70 no-90 dB;
• ukungezwa okujulile uma kungaphezulu kuka-90 dB.

Kuye ngohlobo lwesithulu (ukubona noma ukudluliswa) kanye nobukhulu bayo, i-otologist izophakamisa izinsiza zokuzwa ezifanele noma ukuhlinzwa.

Iba i-otologist eFrance

Ukuze ube yi-otolaryngologist, umfundi kufanele athole idiploma yezifundo ezikhethekile (i-DES) ku-ENT nokuhlinzwa kwekhanda nentamo:

• kufanele aqale alandele, ngemva kwe-baccalaureate yakhe, unyaka wokuqala ovamile ezifundweni zezempilo. Qaphela ukuthi isilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-20% sabafundi siyakwazi ukuwela le ngqopha-mlando.
• iminyaka yesi-4, yesi-5 neyesi-6 e-Faculty of Medicine yakha umabhalane
• ekupheleni konyaka wesi-6, abafundi benza izivivinyo zokuhlukanisa kuzwelonke ukuze bangene esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso. Ngokuya ngezigaba zabo, bazokwazi ukukhetha okukhethekile kanye nendawo abasebenzela kuyo. I-internship ye-otolaryngology ihlala iminyaka emi-5.

Iba i-otologist eQuebec

Ngemuva kwezifundo zasekolishi, umfundi kufanele aphishekele iziqu zobudokotela kwezokwelapha. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sithatha unyaka ongu-1 noma 4 (nonyaka noma ngaphandle kwawo wokulungiselela umuthi wabafundi abamukelwe ngokuqeqeshwa kwasekolishi noma enyuvesi okuthathwa njengokunganele kusayensi yebhayoloji eyisisekelo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, umfundi kuzofanele asebenze ngokukhethekile ngokulandela indawo yokuhlala ku-otolaryngology kanye nokuhlinzwa kwekhanda nentamo (iminyaka emi-5).

Ngaphambi kokuya kwi-aphoyintimenti ne-ENT, kubalulekile ukuthatha noma yiziphi izivivinyo zokucabanga noma zebhayoloji esivele zenziwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izici zezinhlungu nezimpawu (ubude besikhathi, ukuqala, ukuvama, njll.), ukubuza ngomlando womndeni wakho kanye nokuletha nemithi ehlukahlukene.

Ukuthola udokotela we-ENT:

• eQuebec, ungathinta iwebhusayithi ye-Association d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et deirurgie cervico-faciale du Quebec3, enikezela umkhombandlela wamalungu abo.
• e-France, ngewebhusayithi yoMkhandlu Kazwelonke Woku-oda Odokotela4 noma ye-National Syndicate of Physicians Specializing in ENT kanye ne-Head and Neck Surgery5, enohla lwemibhalo.

Ukubonisana nodokotela we-otolaryngologist kumbozwe yi-Health Insurance (France) noma iRégie de l'assurance maladie du Québec.