I-Neoplasia ibhekisela ekwakhekeni kwe-pathological kwezicubu ezintsha emzimbeni.

I-Neoplasia ukwakheka kwezicubu ezintsha ngenxa yokwanda okungavamile nokungalawuleki kwamaseli. Ingenzeka noma kuphi emzimbeni. Izicubu ezintsha, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-neoplasm, zinenhlangano yesakhiwo noma ngisho nokusebenza okuhlukile kwezicubu ezivamile ezisizungezile.

I-Neoplasia ifana nesimila, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi ibe umdlavuza. Kungaba buhlungu noma kubi. Izivivinyo ezengeziwe ngokuvamile ziyadingeka ukuze uthole.

Izimbangela ze-neoplasia ziningi futhi azaziwa njalo. Kodwa kuhlale kukhona ukuguqulwa kwesakhi sofuzo noma ukusho kwaso engqamuzaneni. Lokhu bese kuba nokungazinzi futhi kwande ngendlela yesiphithiphithi.

Uma i-neoplasia iveza ingozi yokusabalalisa ngendlela ye-metastases, ibizwa ngokuthi i-tumor eyingozi; ngaphandle kwalokho, isimila esihle.

Ngisho ne-benign, i-neoplasia ingaba nomthelela:

• ezakhiweni ezingomakhelwane: Lapho i-cyst, nodule, noma i-polyp iba nkulu, noma lapho isitho sikhula, singangqubuzana nendawo ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, i-benign prostatic hyperplasia ingabangelwa ukucindezela i-urethra nokuphakamisa intamo yesinye, ngaleyo ndlela kudale ukuphazamiseka komchamo;
• kwimisebenzi ekude: uma i-neoplasia ikhula isuka kwiseli lezindlala, iholela ekukhiqizweni ngokweqile kwamahomoni. Lokhu kungase kuqalise ukusabela okulandelanayo, okuhlanganisa nezitho ezikude nesimila. Bese sikhuluma ngama- "paraneoplastic syndromes".

Lapho isimila sibi, kunengozi yokubona ukuthi isilonda sisakazeka ngokushesha, kulimaze ezinye izicubu zomzimba, kodwa futhi nokusibona sisakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, nge-metastases.

Isibonelo sama-pulmonary neoplasms

Ama-Benign tumors amelela i-5 kuya ku-10% ye-neoplasms yamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile azibangeli izimpawu. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi zikhula, noma kancane, zivimbe i-bronchus, ekhuthaza ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, kufaka phakathi inyumoniya ne-bronchitis. Zingadala nokukhwehlela okunegazi (hemoptysis) noma ukuwa kwephaphu (atelectasis), ngenxa yokwehla komoya ongena ngesikhathi sokuphefumulelwa.

Izimila ezimbi, ezibangela a umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ziguquke ngokushesha kakhulu, zingadala izimpawu ezifanayo kodwa zibe nzima nakakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela ingxenye enkulu ye-bronchi futhi babangele ukuhluleka kokuphefumula. Ngenxa yokuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwamaphaphu nemithambo yegazi, okudingekayo ukuze kutholakale umoya-mpilo egazini, banengozi enkulu yokusabalalisa ama-metastases.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unomdlavuza noma cha, i-neoplasia ye-pulmonary ingaqala ku-bronchi, kodwa futhi engxenyeni yangaphandle yamaphaphu. Isilonda singase singenele kwezinye izakhiwo, ikakhulukazi izinzwa, isibonelo, kubangele ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi amangqamuzana e-neoplasm aguqule amangqamuzana e-gland, akhiqiza amahomoni endaweni engavamile ukuwakhiqiza. Isimila sibe sesizibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezingezona ezokuphefumula. Le syndrome ye-paraneoplastic ingathatha izinhlobo eziningana, ehlukanisiwe noma ehlotshaniswa nayo, njenge: 

• i-hyperthyroidism, nokugcinwa koketshezi kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-sodium ephansi egazini, imiphumela yokuphuma okungafanele kwehomoni ye-antidiuretic (SIADH), kanye ne-tachycardia, uvalo, ukujuluka okungavamile nokuncipha kwesisindo okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-cortisone yemvelo (Cushing's syndrome). Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa i-thyroid evamile, esinye isizathu sifunwa: kungase kube i-hypersecretion ye-choriogonadic hormone (hCG) ngesimila samaphaphu;
• i-hypercalcemia, okuholela ekuchameni okuningi (i-polyuria), izimpawu zokoma emzimbeni (umlomo owomile, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukudideka, ukucasuka, ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo) noma ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Phakathi kwezincazelo ezingaba khona, uketshezi lwe-hormone ye-parathyroid kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwendlala ye-parathyroid, ngokwesibonelo isimila samaphaphu;
• i-hyperglycemia: eminye imidlavuza yamaphaphu yenza amazinga aphezulu eglucagon, ihomoni eyenza amangqamuzana esibindi akhiphe ushukela egazini;
• i-acromegaly, okungukuthi, ukwanda okungavamile kobukhulu bezinyawo nezandla kanye nokuguqulwa kobuso, okuxhunyaniswa nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone okukhula.

Lawa ma-syndromes e-paraneoplastic, avela ngamacala ayi-10%, angadonsela ukunakekela ekuguleni ekuqaleni kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela akhuthaze ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.

Isibonelo sama-neoplasms webele

Ngokufanayo, izimila zamabele zingaba zimbi noma zibe yingozi. Ngisho noma ezincane, zingangqubuzana nezakhiwo zezinzwa noma zivimbe imikhumbi ye-lymphatic, okubangela ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala. Uma i-neoplasia iqala engqamuzaneni yezindlala, ingase futhi ibangele i-paraneoplastic syndrome. Lapho futhi, amafomu ayahlukahluka, i-hypercalcemia eyingozi iyona evame kakhulu. Lezi zinkinga zingaba uphawu lokuqala lwesimila.

Emadodeni, izindlala zebele zingaphinde zithinteke nge-neoplasia, ukwanda kosayizi futhi zikhiphe i-estrogen eyengeziwe. Sikhuluma ngakho gynecomastia. Ibele eliphushayo (noma kokubili) ngokuvamile liholela ekubonisaneni. Ukukhishwa kwezindlala ezikhulisiwe ngokushesha kulungisa i-hyperestrogenia.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi: 

• uhlobo lwesimila;
• indawo ;
• Inkundla yezemidlalo;
• ukunweba;
• isimo esijwayelekile sesiguli;
• njll 

Uma i-neoplasia ilungile futhi ingabangeli izimpawu, ukuqapha okuvamile kuvame ukufakwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ubhekene nesimila esiyingozi, ukuphathwa kuyadingeka. Kungase kube ukuhlinzwa (ukususwa kwesimila, ukususwa kwakho konke noma ingxenye yesitho), i-radiotherapy, i-chemotherapy, i-immunotherapy noma inhlanganisela yokwelashwa okuningana.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yisiphi isifo esingajwayelekile nesikhathazayo esiphikelelayo noma esiba sibi ngokwengeziwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho.