Ukubeletha okungokwemvelo kuwukubeletha okuphathelene nenqubo yemvelo yokusikwa nokuzalwa, ngokungenelela okuncane kwezokwelapha. Ukuqhekeka okwenziwa isikhwama samanzi, ukumnika i-oxytocin, i-epidural analgesia, ukuhlola isinye noma ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngokuqapha: lezi zenzo ezihlukahlukene eziqhutshwa namuhla cishe ngendlela ehlelekile, esimweni sokubeletha kwemvelo, ziyagwenywa.

Ukubeletha okungokwemvelo kungenzeka kuphela uma ukukhulelwa kuthathwa ngokuthi “okuvamile” noma, ngokwe-WHO, “ukukhulelwa okuvele kuzenzekele, ingozi incane kusukela ekuqaleni nakuso sonke isikhathi sokubeletha nokukhulelwa. ukubeletha. Ingane izalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni ye-cephalic yengqungquthela phakathi kweviki lama-37 nelama-42 lokukhulelwa. Ngemva kokuzalwa, umama nosana baqhuba kahle. ” (1)

Ngokucabanga ukuthi ukukhulelwa nokubeletha akusona isifo kodwa inqubo yemvelo, "isenzakalo esijabulisayo" okuyinto ngaphezu kwalokho njengoba ifomula lidinga, abanye abazali bakholelwa ukuthi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kufanele kukhawulelwe ebuncaneni bako obuqinile. Mayelana nalokhu, i-WHO iphinde ikhumbule “ukuthi ukubeletha okuvamile, inqobo nje uma kusengozini encane, kudinga kuphela ukubhekwa ngokucophelela kombelethisi okwaziyo ukubona izimpawu zakuqala. izinkinga. Akudingi ukungenelela, kuphela isikhuthazo, ukusekelwa kanye nokuzwela okuncane. “Nokho” eFrance, u-98% wokubelethisa wenziwa ezibhedlela zababeletha lapho iningi labo liphathwa ngokwezimiso ezijwayelekile ezifanele ukubelethwa ngezinkinga, kuyilapho owesifazane oyedwa kwabahlanu kuphela onesidingo esifakazelwe sokugadwa okukhethekile kanye nokuthi ukungenelela udokotela wokubelethisa udingeka kuphela ku-1 kuya ku-5% wokuzalwa ", kuchaza umbelethisi uNathalie Boéri (20).

Njengoba bebhekene nalokhu "i-hyper-medicalization yokubeletha", abanye besifazane bafisa ukubuyisela ukuzalwa kwengane yabo futhi bayinikeze ukuzalwa okuhlonishwayo. Lesi sifiso siyingxenye yomnyakazo wokuhlonipha umzali owavela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Kulaba omama, ukubeletha ngokwemvelo kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuba “umlingisi” ekuzalweni kwabo. Bayethemba umzimba wabo namandla ayo okusingatha lesi senzakalo semvelo esiwukuzalwa.

Lesi sifiso sokuphinda ubelethe ngendlela efanele siphinde sisekelwe ucwaningo oluthile, okuhlanganisa noluka-Michel Odent, oluvame ukusungula ukuhlobana phakathi kwendawo yokuzalwa kanye nempilo engokomzimba, yengqondo nengokomzwelo yomuntu oyenzayo. (3).

Uhlelo lokubeletha lwemvelo luqala ngokukhethwa kwendawo yokuzalwa, efaneleka kakhulu kulolu hlobo lokubeletha:

• izikhungo ze-physiological noma "amagumbi emvelo" ezibhedlela ezithile zokubeletha, izindawo ezimele "indlela ehlukile phakathi kokubeletha kwezokwelapha esibhedlela kanye nokubeletha ekhaya", kuchaza umbelethisi uSimone Thévenet;
• ikhaya njengengxenye yokubeletha ekhaya okusizwayo (DAA);
• izikhungo zokuzalwa, okuhlolwa kwazo kwaqala ngo-2016 ngezindawo eziyi-9, ngokuhambisana nomthetho wangomhla ziyisi-6 kuZibandlela wezi-2013;
• inkundla yobuchwepheshe evulekele ababelethisi abakhululekile abasebenzisa ukwesekwa komhlaba wonke.

Kumongo wokubeletha okungokwemvelo, izinqubo ezithile kufanele zivunywe ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo engokomzimba yokubeletha futhi kusize umama okhulelwe ukuba alawule izinhlungu:

• ukuhamba nokukhetha kokuma ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokuxoshwa: “Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuhamba kanye nenkululeko ye-postural kuyavumelana nemishini yokubeletha,” kukhumbula uBernadette de Gasquet. Izikhundla ezithile zizoba nomthelela we-analgesic, okuvumela omama ukuthi balawule kangcono ubuhlungu. Izinto ezihlukene zingasetshenziswa ukwamukela lezi zikhundla: umbhede wokulethwa kukagesi, ibhaluni, ikhekhe, ibhentshi lokuzalwa, imivini yokumiswa efakwe kumareyili noma emshinini owenziwe ngesihlalo esinezimbobo (okuthiwa i-multrack noma i-combitrack);
• ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokuqeda ubuhlungu ikakhulukazi, ekugezeni okunwetshiwe;
• izindlela zokwelapha zemvelo ezifana ne-homeopathy, i-acupuncture, i-hypnosis;
• ukwesekwa kokuziphatha, ngokuba khona kombelethisi, noma ngisho ne-doula, phakathi nesikhathi sonke somsebenzi.