Lapho sijabulela ushukela, sivame ukukhohlwa ukubuza ukuthi iyiphi inqubo le nto ewumlingo ibonakala kumaqebelengwane ethu, enkomishini noma engilazini. Njengomthetho, ushukela awuhlotshaniswa nonya. Ngeshwa, kusukela ngo-1812, ushukela ubuxubene ngokoqobo nesihluku nsuku zonke. Uma uthi nhlá, ushukela ubonakala uwumkhiqizo wemifino kuphela; phela liphuma esitshalweni. Ushukela ocolisisiwe - uhlobo olusetshenziswa ekhofini, ekhekheni le-shortcrust, nasezithakweni zekhekhe - wenziwa ngomoba noma ubhitrudi. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zikashukela ziqukethe isethi yemisoco ecishe ifane, ibe nokunambitheka okufanayo. Nokho, izinqubo zabo zokuhlanza zihlukile. Ibukeka kanjani inqubo yokucwenga ushukela? Ukwenza ushukela wetafula kumoba, iziqu zomoba ziyachotshozwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe ijusi ku-pulp. Ijusi iyacutshungulwa futhi iyashiswa; I-crystallization iyenzeka, bese kuthi i-crystalline mass ihlungwe futhi ifakwe nge-bone char, ngenxa yalokho sithola ushukela omhlophe omsulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengesisefo, kusetshenziswa amalahle ethambo, ikakhulukazi amathambo e-pelvic amathole nezinkomo. Amathambo enyama yenkomo ayachotshozwa futhi ashiswe ekushiseni okungama-400 kuya ku-500 degrees Celsius. Ekukhiqizeni ushukela womoba, impushana yamathambo echotshoziwe isetshenziswa njengesisefo, esimunca ukungcola okunemibala nokungcola. Kuwo wonke amathangi amakhulu okuhlunga asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, amafidi afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa e-bone char angatholakala kalula. Leli nani lempahla yokuhlunga litholakala emathanjeni ezinkomo ezingaba ngu-78. Izinkampani zikashukela zithenga inqwaba yamathambo ngenxa yezizathu eziningana; okokuqala, kunezikali ezinkulu ezisebenza kuzo. Amakholomu amakhulu esihlungi sezentengiso angaba amafidi angu-10 kuya kwangu-40 ubude namafidi angu-5 kuya kwangu-20 ububanzi. Nokho idivayisi ngayinye ekwazi ukuhlunga amalitha angu-30 kashukela ngomzuzu izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto ibamba amakhilogremu angu-5 wamalahle. Uma inkomo eyodwa isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amaphawundi ayisishiyagalolunye amalahle, futhi cishe amaphawundi angu-70 kudingeka ukugcwalisa ikholomu yokuhlunga, khona-ke izibalo ezilula zibonisa ukuthi kuthatha amathambo ezinkomo ezicishe zibe ngu-7800 ukukhiqiza i-bone char yesihlungi esisodwa nje sokuhweba. . Izimboni eziningi zisebenzisa amakholomu amaningana amakhulu okuhlunga ukuze ahlanze ushukela. Ushukela omhlophe omsulwa akuwona kuphela uswidi ocwengwa njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla. Ngisho noshukela onsundu ugaywa emalahleni amathambo ngenhloso yokuhlanza. Ushukela owumpushana uyinhlanganisela yoshukela ocolile kanye nesitashi. Uma sidla ushukela ocolisisiwe, asikwamukeli ngokoqobo ukudla kwezilwane, kodwa sikhokha imali kubakhiqizi bamathambo. Eqinisweni, ushukela ngokwawo awunazo izinhlayiya zamalahle amathambo, kodwa uhlangana nawo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ushukela ocolile ubonwa njengomkhiqizo we-kosher - ngokuqondile ngesizathu sokuthi awunawo amathambo. Amalahle amathambo akuvumela ukuthi uhlanze ushukela, kodwa ungabi yingxenye yawo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudayiswa kwemikhiqizo yokuhlatshwa, okuhlanganisa amathambo, igazi nezinye izitho zomzimba ezifana nemisipha (njenge-gelatin), kuvumela abahlabi bezilwane ukuba benze imali ngokulahlwa kwabo futhi bahlale benenzuzo.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, amathambo ezinkomo okucwengisiswa ushukela avela e-Afghanistan, India, Argentina, Pakistan. Izimboni ziwacubungula abe yi-bone Char bese adayisela e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, kanye ne-Australia ne-New Zealand, avimbele ukusetshenziswa kwe-bone char ukucwenga ushukela. Nokho, lapho uthenga imikhiqizo kunoma yiliphi kulawa mazwe, umuntu akanakuqiniseka ukuthi ushukela oqukethwe kuwo wawukhiqizwa endaweni. Akuwona wonke ushukela otholakala kumoba ocwengwa ngamalahle amathambo. I-Reverse osmosis, i-ion exchange, noma amalahle okwenziwa angasetshenziswa esikhundleni samalahle amathambo. Ngeshwa, lezi zindlela zisabiza kakhulu. Ukuhlunga kwamalahle amathambo akusetshenzisiwe ekukhiqizeni ushukela we-beet ngoba lo shukela ocolisisiwe awudingi ukuchithwa kombala okuningi njengoshukela wommoba. Ijusi ye-beetroot ikhishwa kusetshenziswa umshini wokusabalalisa futhi ixutshwe nezithasiselo, okuholela ekukhanyeni kwekristalu. Abadla imifino bangase baphethe ngokuthi kunesixazululo esilula kule nkinga - sebenzisa nje ushukela we-beet, kodwa lolu hlobo lukashukela lunokunambitheka okuhlukile kunoshukela, okudinga izinguquko ekuphekeni futhi kwenza inqubo yokupheka ibe nzima kakhulu. Kunoshukela wommoba oqinisekisiwe ongasebenzisi i-bone char enqubweni yokukhiqiza, kanye nama-sweeteners angasuselwa kumoba noma acwengisiswe nge-bone char. Isibonelo: I-Xylitol (I-Birch Sugar) Ijusi Ye-Agave I-Stevia I-Maple Isiraphu Kakhukhunathi I-Palm Sugar Isithelo Ijusi Igxilisa Usuku Loshukela