Amakhowe anomzimba we-ovoid fruiting

Phakathi kwesikhunta somumo oyinqaba kungashiwo ukuthi imizimba yezithelo ebukeka njengamaqanda. Zingaba kokubili ezidliwayo futhi zibe nobuthi. Amakhowe amise okweqanda atholakala emahlathini ahlukahlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile akhetha inhlabathi evulekile, ngokuvamile eyenza i-mycorrhiza enezihlahla ze-coniferous nezihluma zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Izici zamakhowe ajwayelekile amise okweqanda avezwa kuleli khasi.

Amakhowe ebhungane lobulongwe asesimweni seqanda

Ibhungane lobulongwe elimpunga (Coprinus atramentarius).

Umndeni: Izibungu zamalongwe (Coprinaceae).

Isizini: ekupheleni kukaJuni - ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.

Ukukhula: amaqembu amakhulu.

Incazelo:

Isigqoko sekhowe elincane siyi-ovoid, bese simise okwensimbi.

Inyama ilula, iba mnyama ngokushesha, inokunambitheka okumnandi. Ingaphezulu lekepisi linombala ompunga noma onsundu ngokumpunga, limnyama phakathi nendawo, linezikali ezincane ezimnyama. Indandatho imhlophe, isheshe inyamalale. Unqenqema lwekepisi luyaqhekeka.

Isiqu simhlophe, sinsundu kancane esisekelweni, sibushelelezi, singenalutho, sivame ukugoba kakhulu. Amapuleti akhululekile, abanzi, avamile; amakhowe amancane amhlophe, aphenduke abe mnyama lapho esegugile, abese e-autolyse (afiphale abe uketshezi olumnyama) kanye nekepisi.

Ikhowe elidliwayo ngokombandela. Kudliwa kuphela esemncane ngemva kokubilisa kokuqala. Ukuphuza nophuzo oludakayo kubangela ubuthi.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Ikhula enhlabathini egcwele i-humus, emasimini, emasimini, ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, eduze kwezindunduma zomquba kanye nomquba, ezindaweni ezigawuliwe emahlathini, eduze neziqu kanye neziqu zezinkuni eziqinile.

Ibhungane lobulongwe obumhlophe (Coprinus comatus).

Umndeni: Izibungu zamalongwe (Coprinaceae).

Isizini: maphakathi no-Agasti - phakathi no-Okthoba.

Ukukhula: amaqembu amakhulu.

Incazelo:

I-pulp imhlophe, ithambile. Kukhona i-tubercle ensundu phezulu kwekepisi.

Umlenze umhlophe, unombala osilika, ongenalutho. Emakhowe amadala, amapuleti kanye nekepisi ku-autolyzed.

I-cap ye-fungus encane i-ovoid emide, bese imise okwensimbi emincane, imhlophe noma i-brownish, imbozwe ngezikali ezine-fibrous. Ngokukhula, amapuleti aqala ukuphenduka aphinki ukusuka ngezansi. Amapuleti akhululekile, abanzi, avamile, amhlophe.

I-mushroom idliwa kuphela esemncane (ngaphambi kokuba amapuleti abe mnyama). Kufanele icutshungulwe ngosuku lokuqoqwa; kunconywa ukuba ubilise ngaphambili. Akufanele ihlanganiswe namanye amakhowe.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Imila emhlabathini ovulekile ocebile ngomanyolo wemvelo, emadlelweni, ezingadini zemifino, izingadi nasemapaki.

Ibhungane lobulongwe elibhayizayo (Coprinus micaceus).

Umndeni: Izibungu zamalongwe (Coprinaceae).

Isizini: ekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.

Ukukhula: amaqembu noma amaqoqo.

Incazelo:

Isikhumba siphuzi-brown, kumakhowe amancane simbozwe izikali ezincane kakhulu ze-granular ezakhiwe ngepuleti elincane elivamile. Amapuleti mancane, avamile, abanzi, ayanamathela; umbala uba mhlophe ekuqaleni, bese uphenduka ube mnyama futhi ufiphele.

I-pulp isencane imhlophe, ukunambitheka okumuncu.

Umlenze umhlophe, ungenalutho, untekenteke; ubuso bawo bushelelezi noma bushelelezi kancane. Unqenqema lwekepisi kwesinye isikhathi luyadatshulwa.

Ikepisi linomumo wensimbi noma i-ovoid enendawo enemisele.

Ikhowe elidliwayo ngokombandela. Ngokuvamile ayiqoqwa ngenxa yosayizi omncane kanye nokuhlaziywa okuzenzakalelayo kwamakepisi. Isetshenziswa fresh.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Ikhula kokubili emahlathini, emithini yezihlahla ezivuthulukayo, nasemapaki edolobha, emagcekeni, eziqwini noma ezimpandeni zezihlahla ezindala nezilimele.

Amakhowe obulongwe afana neqanda ayaboniswa kulezi zithombe:

I-Veselka mushroom noma iqanda likasathane (umthakathi).

I-Veselka ejwayelekile (Phallus impudicus) noma iqanda likasathane (umthakathi).

Umndeni: I-Veselkovye (Phallaceae).

Isizini: May - October.

Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu

Incazelo ye-fungus Veselka (iqanda likadeveli):

Izinsalela zegobolondo leqanda. Ikepisi elivuthiwe limise okwensimbi, linembobo phezulu, limbozwe amafinyila omnqumo amnyama anephunga lenyama efile. Izinga lokukhula ngemva kokuvuthwa kweqanda lifinyelela ku-5 mm ngomzuzu. Lapho ungqimba oluthwala izinhlamvu ludliwa izinambuzane, ikepisi liba uboya bekotini obunamaseli abonakala ngokucacile.

Umlenze unezipontshi, ungenalutho, unezindonga ezincane.

Umzimba omncane othela izithelo ungaphansi komhlaba, oval-spherical noma ovoid, 3-5 cm ububanzi, off-white.

Imizimba emincane enezithelo, ehlutshiwe egobolondweni leqanda futhi ethosiwe, isetshenziselwa ukudla.

I-Ecology kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-fungus Veselka (iqanda lomthakathi):

Ikhula kaningi emahlathini aluhlaza, ithanda inhlabathi ecebile nge-humus. Izinhlamvu zisakazwa izinambuzane ezikhangwa iphunga lesikhunta.

Amanye amakhowe afana neqanda

I-Mutinus canine (Mutinus canine).

Umndeni: I-Veselkovye (Phallaceae).

Isizini: ekupheleni kukaJuni - Septhemba.

Ukukhula: ngabodwana ngamaqembu.

Incazelo:

I-pulp ine-porous, ithambile kakhulu. Lapho isivuthiwe, ithiphu elincane le-tuberculate "lomlenze" limbozwe nge-brown-olive spore-bearing mucus nephunga le-carrion. Lapho izinambuzane ziluma amafinyila, ingaphezulu lomzimba wesithelo liphenduka libe owolintshi bese wonke umzimba wezithelo uqala ukubola ngokushesha.

“Umlenze” ungenalutho, uyisiponji, uphuzi. Umzimba omncane othela izithelo u-ovoid, u-2-3 cm ububanzi, ulula, unenqubo yezimpande.

Isikhumba seqanda sihlala singumgodla phansi “komlenze”.

Lelikhowe elifana neqanda lithathwa njengelingadliwa. Ngokweminye imibiko, imizimba emincane ethela izithelo egobolondweni leqanda ingadliwa.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Imila emahlathini e-coniferous, imvamisa eduze kwezinkuni ezibolile kanye neziphunzi, kwesinye isikhathi odongeni olusaha kanye nokhuni olubolile.

I-Cystoderma scaly (i-Cystoderma carcharias).

Umndeni: Ama-Champignon (Agaricaceae).

Isizini: maphakathi no-Agasti - Novemba.

Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane.

Incazelo:

I-cap yamakhowe amancane i-conical noma i-ovoid. Isigqoko samakhowe avuthiwe siyisicaba-convex noma sigobile. Amapuleti avamile, mncane, anamathele, anamapuleti aphakathi, amhlophe.

Umlenze ujiyile kancane ubheke esisekelweni, i-granular-scaly, enombala ofanayo nekepisi.

Inyama ishwabene, iphinki ngokuphaphathekile noma imhlophe, inephunga elinokhuni noma lomhlabathi.

Ikhowe libhekwa njengokudliwayo ngokwemibandela, kodwa ukunambitheka kwalo kuphansi. Cishe akakaze adle.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Ikhula emahlathini e-coniferous futhi axutshwe (nophayini), enhlabathini e-chalky, ku-moss, kudoti. Akuvamile kakhulu emahlathini aluhlaza.

Amakhowe kaKhesari (Amanita caesarea).

Umndeni: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).

Isizini: Juni - Okthoba.

Ukukhula: yedwa.

Incazelo:

I-cap yamakhowe amancane i-ovoid noma i-hemispherical. Ikepisi lamakhowe avuthiwe liconvex noma liyisicaba, anonqenqema olunemisele. Esigabeni "seqanda", i-mushroom kaKhesari ingadidaniswa ne-toadstool ephaphathekile, lapho ihluke khona ekusikeni: isikhumba se-cap ephuzi kanye neveli elivamile kakhulu.

Isikhumba siyigolide-orange noma obomvu okhanyayo, somile, ngokuvamile ngaphandle izinsalela coverlet. Ingaphandle limhlophe, ingaphakathi lingase libe phuzi. IVolvo imahhala, imise okwesikhwama, ifinyelela ku-6 cm ububanzi, ifike ku-4-5 mm ubukhulu.

Inyama yekepisi iyinyama, iphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Amapuleti anombala ophuzi wegolide, akhululekile, avamile, ububanzi engxenyeni ephakathi, imiphetho ifakwe kancane. Inyama yomlenze imhlophe, ayinawo iphunga nokunambitheka.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, bekubhekwa njengenye yezibiliboco ezinhle kakhulu. Ikhowe elivuthiwe lingabiliswa, liyosiwe noma lithoswe, i-mushroom ibuye ifanele ukomiswa nokucwiliswa. Amakhowe amancane ambozwe ngevolva engaphukile asetshenziswa eluhlaza kumasaladi.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Yakha i-mycorrhiza nge-beech, i-oki, i-chestnut nezinye izinkuni eziqinile. Ikhula enhlabathini evundile, ngezikhathi ezithile emahlathini ane-coniferous, ithanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi, izindawo ezifudumele nezomile. Kusabalele ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweMedithera. Emazweni ayengaphansi kwe-USSR, itholakala ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga yeGeorgia, e-Azerbaijan, eNyakatho yeCaucasus, eCrimea naseTranscarpathia. Izithelo zidinga isimo sezulu esishisayo esizinzile (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C) izinsuku eziyi-15-20.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo.

Kusuka ku-red fly agaric (izinsalela ze-bedspread ezivela esigqokweni ngezinye izikhathi zigezwa), i-mushroom kaKhesari ihluke ngombala ophuzi wendandatho namapuleti (amhlophe ku-fly agaric).

I-Pale grebe (Amanita phalloides).

Umndeni: Amanitaceae (Amanitaceae).

Isizini: ekuqaleni kuka-August - phakathi no-Okthoba.

Ukukhula: ngabodwana ngamaqembu.

Incazelo:

Isigqoko singumnqumo, siluhlaza okotshani noma simpunga, sisuka ku-hemispherical kuya esicaba, sinonqenqema olubushelelezi kanye nendawo enemicu. Amapuleti amhlophe, athambile, akhululekile.

Isiqu siwumbala wesigqoko noma esimhlophe, ngokuvamile esimbozwe ngephethini ye-moire. I-volva ichazwe kahle, ikhululekile, i-lobed, imhlophe, i-3-5 cm ububanzi, ivame ukucwiliswa kancane emhlabathini. Indandatho ibanzi ekuqaleni, insephe, inemigqa ngaphandle, ivame ukunyamalala ngokukhula. Esikhumbeni se-cap izinsalela zeveli ngokuvamile azikho. Umzimba wezithelo esemncane u-ovoid, uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele nefilimu.

Inyama imhlophe, iyinyama, ayishintshi umbala uma yonakele, inokunambitheka okuncane nephunga. Ukujiya phansi komlenze.

Enye yamakhowe anobuthi ayingozi kakhulu. Iqukethe ama-polypeptide anobuthi angama-bicyclic angabhujiswa ukwelashwa okushisa futhi abangele ukonakala kwamafutha kanye ne-necrosis yesibindi. Isilinganiso esibulalayo kumuntu omdala singama-30 g amakhowe (isigqoko esisodwa); kwengane - ingxenye yesine yesigqoko. Ubuthi akuyona nje imizimba yezithelo, kodwa futhi nezinhlamvu, ngakho-ke amanye amakhowe namajikijolo akufanele aqoqwe eduze kwe-grebe ephaphathekile. Ingozi ethile ye-fungus ilele eqinisweni lokuthi izimpawu zobuthi azibonakali isikhathi eside. Esikhathini esisukela emahoreni ayisi-6 kuye kwangama-48 ngemva kokuphuza, ukuhlanza okungapheli, ukuqunjelwa kwamathumbu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukoma okungapheli, isifo sohudo esinjengekholera (ngokuvamile sinegazi). Kungase kube ne-jaundice nesibindi esinwetshiwe. I-pulse ibuthakathaka, umfutho wegazi uyancipha, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kuyabonakala. Azikho izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Ngosuku lwesithathu, "inkathi yenhlalakahle yamanga" iqala, evame ukuhlala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine. Eqinisweni, ukubhujiswa kwesibindi nezinso kuyaqhubeka ngalesi sikhathi. Ukufa kuvame ukuvela phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-10 zokungenwa ushevu.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Yakha i-mycorrhiza ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivuzayo (i-oki, i-beech, i-hazel), ikhetha inhlabathi evundile, amahlathi alula namahlathi axubile.

Ikhowe lasehlathini (Agaricus silvaticus).

Umndeni: Ama-Champignon (Agaricaceae).

Isizini: ekupheleni kukaJuni - phakathi no-Okthoba.

Ukukhula: ngamaqembu.

Incazelo:

Amapuleti amhlophe ekuqaleni, bese kuba nsundu ngokumnyama, aminyene abheke emaphethelweni. Inyama imhlophe, ibomvu uma iphukile.

Ikepisi limise okwe-ovate-bell, flat procumbent uma selivuthiwe, brown-brown, kanye namazenga amnyama.

Isiqu siyisilinda, ngokuvamile sivuvukele kancane sibheke phansi. Indandatho emhlophe ye-membranous ye-fungus efana neqanda ivame ukunyamalala ekuvuthweni.

Ikhowe elimnandi elidliwayo. Isetshenziswa fresh futhi zifakwe emanzini anosawoti.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Ikhula emahlathini e-coniferous (spruce) futhi axutshwe (nesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu), ngokuvamile eduze noma ezindundumeni zezintuthwane. Ivela ngobuningi ngemva kwezimvula.

I-Cinnabar Red Cinnabar (Calostoma cinnabarina).

Umndeni: Amaconsi emvula angamanga (Sclerodermataceae).

Isizini: ekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla.

Ukukhula: ngabodwana ngamaqembu.

Incazelo:

Umlenze wamanga une-porous, uzungezwe i-gelatinous membrane.

Igobolondo elingaphandle lomzimba wesithelo liyaphuka futhi liyaxebuka. Njengoba sikhula, isiqu siyaba side, sikhulise isithelo ngaphezu kwe-substrate.

Umzimba wesithelo uyindilinga, i-ovoid noma i-tuberous, kumakhowe amancane ukusuka kobomvu kuya obomvu-owolintshi, avalelwe ngegobolondo elinezingqimba ezintathu.

Ayidleki.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Imila enhlabathini, emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile, emaphethelweni, eceleni kwemigwaqo nasezindleleni. Ithanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi nobumba. Okuvamile eNyakatho Melika; Ezweni Lethu kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala eningizimu ye-Primorsky Krai.

I-warty puffball (i-Scleroderma verrucosum).

Umndeni: Amaconsi emvula angamanga (Sclerodermataceae).

Isizini: Agasti-Okthoba.

Ukukhula: ngabodwana ngamaqembu.

Incazelo:

Umzimba othela izithelo une-tuberous noma umise okwezinso, uvame ukuba isicaba kusuka phezulu. Isikhumba sincane, sinesikhumba sikakhokho, simhlophe, bese kuba phuzi-ocher esinamazenga ansundu noma izinsumpa.

Uma isivuthiwe, i-pulp iba yi-flabby, i-gray-black, ithola isakhiwo esiyimpuphu. Ukumila okufana nezimpande kusuka emicu ebanzi eyisicaba ye-mycelial.

I-pedicle yamanga ivame ukunwetshwa.

Ikhowe elinobuthi obuncane. Ngobuningi, kubangela ubuthi, obuhambisana nesiyezi, amajaqamba esiswini, nokuhlanza.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa: Ikhula enhlabathini eyomile enesihlabathi emahlathini, ezingadini nasemapaki, ezindaweni ezivulekile, ngokuvamile ngasemigwaqweni, emaphethelweni emisele, ezindleleni.

I-golovach emise okwesaka (i-Calvatia utriformis).

Umndeni: Ama-Champignon (Agaricaceae).

Isizini: ekupheleni kukaMeyi - phakathi noSepthemba.

Ukukhula: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu amancane.

Incazelo:

Umzimba wesithelo u-ovate ngobubanzi, i-saccular, uhlakazekile kusuka phezulu, nesisekelo esisesimweni somlenze wamanga. Igobolondo elingaphandle liwugqinsi, linoboya, ekuqaleni libe mhlophe, kamuva liphenduka libe phuzi futhi libe nsundu.

Inyama imhlophe ekuqaleni, bese iphenduka ibe luhlaza futhi ibe nsundu ngokumnyama.

Ikhowe elivuthiwe liyaqhekeka, lihlephuke phezulu bese lihlakazeka.

Amakhowe amancane anenyama emhlophe ayadliwa. Kusetshenziswe abilisiwe futhi omisiwe. Inomphumela we-hemostatic.

I-Ecology nokusabalalisa:

Ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile, emaphethelweni nasezihlahleni, ezimfundeni, emadlelweni, emadlelweni, emhlabeni olimekayo.