Inhlanzi ye-Muksun: incazelo enesithombe, lapho itholakala khona, ukuthi idlani

Izinhlanzi ze-Muksun zimelela i-oda elithi "salmon", uhlobo lwe-"whitefish" kanye ne-subfamily "whitefish". UMuksun uyisihlobo esiseduze se-Omul yaseBaikal. Ikhetha ukuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile futhi yaziswa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kokubili kubanjwe futhi kukhuliswe ngezinga elikhulu, kokubili ngabantu kanye nosomabhizinisi.

Muksun fish: incazelo

Inyama yale nhlanzi inokwakheka okuyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke ihluke ngokuphawulekayo kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini amasha. Inyama ihluka kokubili ngephunga nedatha yokunambitha. I-Muksun fish ayiphikiswanga ngisho nakubantu abaphethwe yisibindi esibi kanye nokusebenza kwezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasubathi bakhetha ukudla inyama yale nhlanzi, ngoba banokudla okuqinile.

ukubukeka

Umndeni wama-salmon unenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibalulekile, kodwa inhlanzi ye-muksun ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lapho i-sterlet idayiswa ngamabhakede, izinhlanzi ze-muksun zazithengiswa ngalolo cezu. Ngokubukeka, unganquma ukuthi iluphi uhlobo olumele.

Kulokhu, umzimba wezinhlanzi umise okwe-spindle. Umzimba omude uthi ncisheka isicaba. Umbala womzimba awuyona i-monotonous: ingemuva inomthunzi omnyama, futhi izinhlangothi nesisu kukhanya, kuyilapho isisu sicishe sibe mhlophe, futhi izinhlangothi ziyisiliva. Abamele imifula bahlukaniswa nge-golden hue. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lombala lwenza izinhlanzi zicishe zingabonakali kukholamu yamanzi. Ikhanda nomsila, maqondana nomzimba, kusendaweni ephakeme. Njengoba inhlanzi ikhula, i-hump iqala ukukhula, okwenza izinhlanzi zibe "gobile" nakakhulu.

Ulwazi oluthakazelisayo! Abantu abadala bayakwazi ukukhula ngobude ngaphezu kwemitha futhi babe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-12,5, nakuba isilinganiso sobukhulu singama-70 cm nesisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg noma ngaphezulu. Abantu abanjalo sebebhekwa njengabakhulu. Njengomthetho, abantu abanesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-1,5 bahamba phambili.

Inhloko yale nhlanzi ayibukhali, inomlomo otholakala ngaphansi. Umhlathi ongezansi uya phambili kancane uma uqhathaniswa nongenhla, ovumela abantu ukuthi baqoqe ama-crustaceans amancane phansi kwechibi. Amagill akhiwe ngama-stamens amaningi, okubavumela ukuthi bahlunge izinto ezimunca ukudla. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane ezidla i-zooplankton.

Indlela yokuphila, ukuziphatha

Le nhlanzi ingeyezinhlobo ze-semi-anadromous, futhi ihlala emanzini amasha noma anosawoti omncane, lapho ikhula futhi ikhule khona. Inhlanzi ye-Muksun inqoba amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane nesigamu ngokumelene nomsinga ukuze izalele amaqanda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayifi, kodwa ikwazi ukubuyela ezindaweni zayo zangaphambili, lapho ibuyisela khona amandla ayo, ukuze ngokuzayo iphinde ihambe iyozala.

I-muksun iphila isikhathi esingakanani

Kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-muksun zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-25, nakuba isilinganiso seminyaka yabantu abadala sisuka eminyakeni engu-15 kuya kwengu-20.

izindawo zemvelo

I-Muksun ihlala emachibini anamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile noma anosawoti kancane. Ayibhukudi emanzini avulekile olwandle. Njengomthetho, izinhlanzi zikhangwa ama-estuaries, lapho amanzi ahlanzekile axubana nosawoti wasolwandle, nakuba kunemifula engahambisani nale nhlanzi ye-whimsical.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Inqwaba yezinhlanzi ezimhlophe zitholakala ezitsheni zemifula iLena neYenisei, kanti uhlobo lomfula wechibi lutholakala emachibini iLama, Taimyr kanye neGlubokoe.

I-Muksun fish itholakala cishe kuyo yonke imifula yaseSiberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi ziyatholakala nasemanzini oLwandle i-Arctic. Inani labantu elikhulu kunawo wonke libonwa emfuleni iTom ne-Ob. Kule mifula nasezitsheni zayo, izinhlanzi zitholakala unyaka wonke. Kweminye imifula, i-muksun ibonakala ngezikhathi ezithile, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, lapho izinhlanzi zihamba ziyozala. Ifomu lechibi le-muksun liziphatha ngendlela efanayo.

Ukudla

Ukudla kwalezi nhlanzi kuncike ezimweni zokuphila, kanye nesikhathi sonyaka, kuhlanganise nokutholakala kokudla. Ehlobo, idla ama-mollusk nama-crustaceans, futhi ebusika ilinganiselwe ku-zooplankton. I-juvenile muksun idla ikakhulukazi i-zooplankton, njengoba ingakakwazi ukucubungula, futhi izingela inyamazane enkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlanzi zivumelanisa ngokugcwele nezimo ezinjalo, ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile samapuleti e-gill.

Isisekelo sokudla sakhiwe ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene, kanye ne-caviar yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kuhlanganise nezinhlanzi zezinhlanzi kanye ne-zooplankton, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinhlanzi zidla kabi, zanelisa kuphela izidingo zabo eziyinhloko ukuze zingafi. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela, inhlanzi ichitha wonke amandla ayo ekufikeni ezindaweni ezingokwemvelo zokuzalela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukufika kumasayithi okuzala ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kuze kube yilapho kuvela iqhwa lokuqala kuma-reservoirs.

Ukuzala kanye nenzalo

Inqubo yokuzala iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika emifuleni. Ngaphambi kokuzala, ezinsikazi nabesilisa kuzodingeka zihambe amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane, noma ngisho nangaphezulu, ukuze zifike ezindaweni zokuzalanisa zemvelo. Le nhlanzi inqoba amabanga anjalo kuphela maphakathi nekwindla. Izindawo ezifanele kakhulu zokuzalela yizindawo ezinesihlabathi noma itshana elincane kanye nokuba khona komsinga osheshayo. Ukuqala kokuzala kuhambisana nokuvela kweqhwa lokuqala, futhi ukuphela kokuzala kuwela ngenyanga kaNovemba.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Inqubo yokuzala iphetha ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla ngaphansi kwama-+4 degrees.

Inani lamaqanda abekwe abesifazane lincike eminyakeni yabo futhi lilinganiselwa ezingxenyeni eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50. Phakathi nokuphila kwayo yonke, insikazi ingakwazi ukuthatha uhambo olufinyelela kwangu-4 ukuya ezindaweni zokuzalela zemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-muksun ayizali minyaka yonke. Ngaphambi kokuba ziphinde zizalele, izinhlanzi kufanele zibuyisele amandla azo futhi ziqoqe izakhamzimba (amafutha).

Amaqanda avuthwa cishe isigamu sonyaka (kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezi-5) futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi kakhulu. Ngemva kokuzalwa, inhlanzi gazinga isilayidi ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla wamanje ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula, lapho zikhula futhi zithuthuke. Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila, abantu sebekulungele ukuzala, kuyilapho abesifazane bevuthwa ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi. Njengomthetho, abantu balungele ukuzala uma isisindo sabo sicishe sibe yikhilogremu. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho izinhlanzi ziyizona ezisengozini kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukudoba kulawulwa ngokuqinile yimithetho, ikakhulukazi lokhu kuyiqiniso maqondana nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, okusanda kuthatha izilinganiso eziyingozi kakhulu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudoba kwezemidlalo ebusika kuvunyelwe esimweni sokuthi izinhlanzi zizokhishwa.

Izitha zemvelo

Endle, nakuba le nhlanzi inezitha, azikwazi ukubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu base-muksun. Isitha esikhulu ngumuntu ongacabangi ngekusasa futhi abambe izinhlanzi ezibalulekile ngokungalawuleki, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bayo. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, abantu ababedoba le nhlanzi babebizwa ngokuthi ama-muksunniks, ngoba amakhulu eminyaka ukubanjwa kwe-muksun kwaletha inzuzo enkulu emindenini yabo.

Esikhathini sethu, lapho ukubanjwa kulawulwa ngezinga lemithetho, akusenakwenzeka ukuthola izidumbu zezinhlanzi ezisakazeke eqhweni, zishiywe ngokuxhamazela abazingeli. Ngakho-ke, kunethemba lokubuyiselwa kwenani labantu bale nhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane

Ngenxa yokuthi inyama yale nhlanzi iyimbi kakhulu futhi iyigugu, ukubanjwa okungalawulwa okungalawulwa kwabantu kwenziwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ezindaweni lapho izinhlanzi zazivame ukutholakala khona, lezi zinhlanzi cishe azikho namuhla.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! I-Muksun fish ingeyohlobo lwezentengiselwano. Emlonyeni woMfula i-Ob, inani lale nhlanzi liyancipha ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa yokudoba okungalawuleki. Isimo esifanayo sibonakala kwezinye izindawo, emilonyeni yeminye imifula, lapho ngaphambili kwakunenqwaba yezinhlanzi.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala, le nhlanzi ayinakuzivikela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bahlale besazi ukuthi le nhlanzi idlula nini futhi kuphi futhi bayibambe lapho beya ezindaweni eziphakeme zemifula. Ngenxa yalokho, kubonwa ukubanjwa okuhlanyayo, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu. Mayelana nalokhu, izinsizakalo zokugada izinhlanzi zijwayela ukuphelezela izinhlanzi kuyo yonke indlela ezihamba ngayo ukuze zizivikele kubazingeli abakhohlakele.

Inani lokudoba

Inhlanzi ye-Muksun ibhekwa njengeyingqayizivele ngenxa yokwakheka kwenyama yayo. Kukholakala ukuthi le nhlanzi iyisibiliboco sangempela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokubamba noma iqhwa isikhathi eside, inyama ayilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo kweqiniso, okungenakuqhathaniswa nanoma yini enye. Iphunga lenyama lisikhumbuza iphunga lamakhukhamba asanda kusikwa. Ngaphezu kokunambitheka, inyama ye-whitefish inezinto eziningi eziwusizo. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sale nhlanzi sikhulu, okuholela ekudobeni kwayo ngokweqile.

Emashalofini ezitolo zezinhlanzi ze-1 kg yezinhlanzi, kuzodingeka ukhokhe ama-ruble angu-700, futhi lokhu akubandakanyi izindleko zokulethwa.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Esikhathini sethu, i-muksun ikhuliswa ngenkuthalo ezimweni zokwenziwa futhi inikezwa emashalofini esitolo.

Kukholelwa ukuthi inyama yenhlanzi ye-muksun ayinalo igciwane lezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ngakho inhlanzi ingadliwa ngisho neluhlaza. Eqinisweni, udinga ukucabangisisa ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu, ngoba lokhu kungukuqagela kuphela futhi ubungozi abufaneleki nhlobo lapha.

Kunconywa ukubeka inyama yenhlanzi ekushiseni ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokudla. Kungaba okuthosiwe, kubiliswe, kubhakwe, njll Ungakwazi ukuqeda ama-parasites uma ufriza izinhlanzi emazingeni okushisa kuze kufike ku--40 degrees. Ezingeni lasekhaya, lokhu cishe akunakwenzeka ukwenza. Ukupheka, kufanele uthenge izinhlanzi kuphela kubahlinzeki abaqotho abahlale behlola izinhlanzi ukuthi azinamagciwane.

Izinga lokudla

Inyama yale nhlanzi igcina ukunambitheka kwayo ngisho nalapho iqhwa. Inani layo lamandla lingama-89 kcal kuphela ngamagremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo. Zonke izingxenye zenyama zisesimweni esifinyeleleka kalula, ngakho inyama igaywa cishe amaphesenti angu-100. Ukuba khona kwe-arachidonic acid enyameni kukuvumela ukuthi uthole amandla engeziwe kulabo bantu abenza imithwalo esindayo emzimbeni. Izitsha zezinhlanzi zinconywa ikakhulukazi kubantu abagulayo nabakhubazekile.

Inyama ye-Muksun ifana ngokuphelele nenani lokudla okunempilo nokubunjwa, uma iqhathaniswa nenyama yezinhlanzi zasolwandle, kodwa ayinayo amaminerali kangangokuthi ivunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa ngisho nakubantu abanezinso ezigulayo.

Kukholakala ukuthi inyama ye-whitefish inamafutha, nakuba lawa mafutha enempilo futhi awafaki isandla ekufakweni kwama-cholesterol plaque ezitsheni. Inyama iqukethe inani elanele levithamini "PP", kanye namaminerali angavamile.

Yiziphi izitsha ezingalungiswa kusuka ku-muksun

Abantu bendawo bapheka izinhlobonhlobo zezitsha, kepha i-sugudai ithathwa njengethandwa kakhulu kubantu baseSiberia. Futhi ukulungisa lesi sidlo silula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele usike izinhlanzi zibe yizicucu bese uhambisa izingcezu ngejusi kalamula. Kulesi simo, isidlo kufanele sifafazwe ngosawoti hhayi inqwaba yepelepele no-anyanisi. Endaweni ethile, ngehora, isidlo sesilungele ukudliwa.

U-Muksun wenza ophaya abahle kakhulu. Ukugcwaliswa kophaya kungaba inyama eluhlaza noma ethosiwe yale nhlanzi. Kuzo zombili izimo, kutholakala amaphayi amnandi.

Ekuphetheni

Naphezu kokuthi abantu baseSiberia badla ngisho nezinhlanzi eziluhlaza, ochwepheshe basancoma ukwelashwa okushisa. Ukuze udle ngisho nenhlanzi efakwe emanzini anosawoti, udinga ukuqiniseka ngo-100% ukuthi ayinalo igciwane. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyidlala iphephile futhi futhi ufune kumthengisi imibhalo efanele ebonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi zidlulile ekulawuleni ukuhlanzeka.

Njengoba inyama ye-muksun inokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kanye nephunga elimnandi, akunconywa ukuthi uthathwe izinongo nezinongo lapho uyipheka, ukuze inhlanzi igcine ukunambitheka kwayo kwemvelo nephunga.

Inhlanzi inamafutha kangangokuthi akukhuthazwa ukufaka ibhotela noma amafutha emifino ngesikhathi sokupheka. Ngisho noma iphekwe ku-grill, ngeke yome.